See also:

• RHONE
• RHONE (Fr. Rhone, Lat. Rhodanus)

RHONE (Fr. Rhone, See also:

• LAT

Lat. Rhodanus)  , one of the most important See also:

• RIVERS
• RIVERS, ANTHONY WOODVILLE, or WYDEVILLE, 2ND EARL (c. 1442—1483)
• RIVERS, EARL
• RIVERS, RICHARD SAVAGE, 4TH EARL (c. 1660—1712)

rivers in See also:

• EUROPE

Europe, and the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief of those which flow directly into the Mediterranean . It rises at the upper or eastern extremity of the Swiss See also:

• CANTON
• CANTON (borrowed from the Ital. cantone, a corner or angle)
• CANTON (more correctly KWANG-CHOW Fu)
• CANTON, JOHN (1718-1772)

canton of the See also:

• VALAIS (Ger. Wallis, Ital. Vallese)

Valais, flows between the Bernese See also:

• ALPS

Alps (N.) and the Lepontine and Pennine Alps (S.) till it expands into the See also:

• LAKE
• LAKE, GERARD LAKE, 1ST VISCOUNT (1744-1808)

Lake, of See also:

• GENEVA
• GENEVA (Fr. Geneve, Ger. Genf, Ital. Ginevra, Late Lat. Gebenna, though Genava in good Latin)
• GENEVA, LAKE OF

Geneva, winds See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round the southernmost spurs of the See also:

• JURA
• JURA (" deer island ")

Jura range, receives at See also:

• LYONS
• LYONS (Fr. Lyon)
• LYONS, COUNCILS OF
• LYONS, EDMUND LYONS, BARON (1790-1858)
• LYONS, RICHARD BICKERTON PEMELL LYONS, 1ST EARL (1817–1887)

Lyons its See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal tributary, the See also:

• SAONE

Saone, and then turns southward through See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France till, by many mouths, it enters that See also:

• PART

part of the Mediterranean which is rightly called the Golfe du See also:

• LION
• LION (Lat, leo, leonis; Gr. Mew)

Lion (sometimes wrongly the Gulf of Lyons) . Its See also:

• TOTAL

total length' from source to See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea is 5041 M . (of which the Lake of Geneva claims 45 m.), while its total drainage See also:

• AREA

area in 37,798 sq. m., of which 2772 sq. m. are in See also:

• SWITZERLAND

Switzerland -(405 sq. in. of the Swiss portion being composed of glaciers), and its total fall 5898 ft . Its course (excluding the Lake of Geneva, q.v.) naturally falls into three divisions: (I) from its source to the Lake of Geneva, (2) from Geneva to Lyons, and (3) from Lyons to the Mediterranean . 1 . From its source to the lake the See also:

• RHONE
• RHONE (Fr. Rhone, Lat. Rhodanus)

Rhone is a purely Alpine See also:

• RIVER

river, flowing through the See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• TRENCH, RICHARD CHENEVIX (1807-1886)

trench which it has cut for itself between two of the loftiest Alpine ranges, and which (See also:

• SAVE, or SAVA (Ger. Sau; Hungarian Szdva; Lat. Savus)

save a See also:

• BIT (from the verb " to bite," either in the sense of a piece bitten off, or an act of biting, or a thing that bites or is bitten)

bit at its See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north-See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west end) forms the Canton of the Valais . Its length is 1051 m., while its fall is 4679 ft . It issues as a torrent, at the height of 5909 ft., from the great Rhone See also:

• GLACIER
• GLACIER (adopted from the French; from glace, ice, Lat. glacies)

glacier at the See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head of the Valais, the See also:

• RECENT

recent See also:

• RETREAT (O. Fr. retrete, mod. retraite, from Lat. retrahere, to draw back)

retreat of this glacier having proved that the river really flows from beneath it, and does not take its rise from the warm springs that are now at some distance from its shrunken snout . It is almost immediately joined on the See also:

• LEFT

left by the Mutt torrent, coming from a small glacier to the S.E., and then flows S.W. for a See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short distance past the well-known Gletsch Hotel (where the roads from the Grimsel and the Furka Passes unite) . But about See also:

• HALF

half a mile from the glacier the river turns S.E. and descends through a See also:

• WILD, JONATHAN (c. 1682-1725)

wild See also:

• GORGE

gorge to the more level valley, bending again S.W. before reaching the first See also:

• VILLAGE

village, Oberwald . It preserves this See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south-See also:

• WESTERLY

westerly direction till Martigny .

The uppermost valley of the Rhone is named Goms (Fr . Conches), its chief village being See also:

• MUNSTER
• MUNSTER, SEBASTIAN (1489-1552)

Munster, while Fiesch, See also:

• LOWER

lower down, is well known to most Swiss travellers . As the river rolls on, it is swollen by See also:

• MOUNTAIN (0. Fr. montaigne; popular Lat. montanea, an adjectival form from the classical mons, montis, whence Eng. " mount," a form usually used along with the name of an individual mountain, e.g. Mt Everest)
• MOUNTAIN, THE (La Montagne)

mountain torrents, descending from the glaciers on either See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side of its See also:

• BED
• BED (a common Teutonic word, cf. German Bett, probably connected with the Indo-European root bhodh, seen in the Lat. fodere, to dig; so " a dug-out place " for safe resting, or in the same sense as a garden " bed ")

bed—so by the Geren (left), near Oberwald, by the Eginen (left), near Ulrichen, by the Fiesch (right), at Fiesch, by the Binna (left), near Grengiols, by the See also:

• MASSA

Massa (right), flowing from the great Aletsch glaciers, above See also:

• BRIEG

Brieg . At Brieg the Rhone has descended 3678 ft. from its source, has flowed 28 m. in the open, and is already a consider-able stream when joined (left)by the Saltine, descending from the Simplon Pass . Its course below Brieg is less rapid than before and lies through the alluvial deposits which it has brought down in the course of ages . The valley is wide and marshy, the river frequently overflowing its See also:

• BANKS, GEORGE LINNAEUS (1821-1881)
• BANKS, NATHANIEL PRENTISS (1816–1894)
• BANKS, SIR JOSEPH
• BANKS, THOMAS (1735-1805)

banks, Further mountain torrents (of greater See also:

• VOLUME

volume than those higher up) fall into the Rhone as it rolls along in a south-westerly direction towards Martigny: the Visp (left), coming from the See also:

• ZERMATT

Zermatt valley, falls in at Visp, at Gampel the Lonza (right), from the Ldtschen valley, at See also:

• LEUK (Fr. Loeche Ville)

Leuk the Dala (right), from the Gemmi Pass, al . Sierre the Navizen (left), from the Einfisch or Anniviers valley, at See also:

• SION [Ger. Sitten]

Sion, the See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital of the Valais, the Borgne (left) from the Val d'Herens; soon the Rhone is joined by the Morge (right), flowing from the Sanetsch Pass, and the boundary in the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle ages between Episcopal Valais to the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east and Savo-yard Valais to the west, and at Martigny by the Dranse (left) its chief Alpine tributary, from the Great St See also:

• BERNARD, CHARLES DE
• BERNARD, CLAUDE (1813-1878)
• BERNARD, JACQUES (1658--1718)
• BERNARD, MOUNTAGUE (1S2o—1882)
• BERNARD, SAINT
• BERNARD, SAINT (Iogo-1153)
• BERNARD, SIMON (1779—1839)
• BERNARD, SIR THOMAS, BART

Bernard and the Val de Bagnes . At Martigny, about 50 M. from Brieg, the river bends sharply to the N.W., and runs in that direction to the Lake of Geneva . It receives the Salanfe (left), which forms the celebrated See also:

• WATERFALL

waterfall of Pissevache, before reaching the See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient See also:

• TOWN

town and See also:

• ABBEY (Lat. abbatia; from Syr. abba, father)
• ABBEY, EDWIN AUSTIN (1852– )

abbey of St See also:

• MAURICE (1521–1553)
• MAURICE (MAURICIUS FLAVIUS TIBERIUS) (c. 539–602)
• MAURICE [or MAURITIUS], ST (d. c. 286)
• MAURICE, JOHN FREDERICK DENISON (1805-1872)

Maurice (91m.) . Henceforward the right See also:

• BANK

bank is in the canton of See also:

• VAUD (Ger. Waadt)

Vaud (conquered from See also:

• SAVOY, HOUSE
• SAVOY, HOUSE OF

Savoy in 1475) and the left bank in that of the Valais (conquered similarly in 1536), for St Maurice marks the end of the See also:

• HISTORICAL

historical Valais . Immediately below that town the Rhone rushes through a great natural gateway, a narrow and striking See also:

• DEFILE

defile (now strongly fortified), which commands the entrance of the Valais . Beyond, the river enters the wide alluvial See also:

• PLAIN (O. Fr. plain, from Lat. plenum)

plain, formerly occupied by the south-eastern See also:

• ARM (a common Teutonic word; the Indo-European root is ar, to join or fit; cf. the Lat. armus, shoulder, and the plural word arma, weapons, Gr. apphs, joint, and the reduplicated apapilKSV, to join)

arm of the Lake of Geneva, but now marshy and requiring frequent " correction." It receives at Bex the Avancon (right), flowing from the glaciers of the Diablerets range, at Monthey the Vieze (left), from Champery and the Val d'Illiez, and at Aigle the Grande Eau (right), from the valley of Ormonts-dessus .

It passes by the See also:

• HAMLET

hamlet of See also:

• PORT

Port Valais, once on the See also:

• SHORE

shore of the lake, before expanding into the Lake of Geneva, between See also:

• VILLENEUVE, PIERRE CHARLES JEAN BAPTISTE SILVESTRE (1763-r8o6)

Villeneuve (right) and St Gingolph (left) . During all this portion of its course the Rhone is not navigable, but a railway See also:

• LINE

line runs along it from Brieg in about 72 M. to either Villeneuve or Le Bouveret . 2 . On issuing at Geneva from the lake the See also:

• WATERS, TERRITORIAL

waters of the Rhone are very limpid and See also:

• BLUE (common in different forms to most European languages)

blue, as it has left all its impurities in the great settling vat of the lake, so that See also:

• BYRON, GEORGE GORDON BYRON, 6TH BARON (1788-1824)
• BYRON, HENRY JAMES (1834-1884)
• BYRON, HON
• BYRON, JOHN BYRON

Byron might well speak of the "blue rushing of the arrowy Rhone" (Childe Harold, See also:

• CANTO (from the Lat. cantus, a song)

canto iii. See also:

• STANZA (Low Lat. stantia, Ital. stantia or stanza)

stanza 71) . 'But about half a mile below Geneva this limpidity is disturbed by the pouring in of the turbid torrent of the Arve (left), descending from the glaciers of the Mont See also:

• BLANC, (JEAN JOSEPH CHARLES) LOUIS (1811-1882)
• BLANC, MONT

Blanc range, the two currents for some distance refusing to mix . The distance from Geneva to Lyons by the tortuous course of the Rhone is about 124 m., the fall being only about 689 ft . The characteristic feature of this portion of the course of the Rhone is the number of narrow See also:

• GORGES, SIR FERDINANDO (c. 1566-1647)

gorges or cluses through which it rushes, while it is forced by the See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern See also:

• SPUR (A.S. spura, spora, related to spornan, spurnan, to kick, spurn; cf. M.H.G. sporn, mod. Ger. Sporn)

spur of the Jura to run in a southerly direction, till, after rounding the See also:

• BASE

base of that spur, it can flow freely westwards to Lyons . About 12 M . S. of Geneva the Rhone enters See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French territory, and henceforth till near Lyons forms first the eastern, then the southern boundary of the French See also:

• DEPARTMENT (Fr. departement, from departir, to separate into parts)

department of the See also:

• AIN

Ain, dividing it from those of Haute See also:

• SAVOIE

Savoie and Savoie (E.) and that of the See also:

• ISERE
• ISERE [anc. Isara]

Isere (S.) . Soon after it becomes French the river rushes furiously through a deep gorge, being imprisoned on the north by the Credo and on the south by the Vuache, while the great fortress of l'Ecluse See also:

• GUARDS, AND HOUSEHOLD TROOPS

guards this , entrance into France . The railway pierces the Credo by a See also:

• TUNNEL (Fr. tonne!, later tonneau, a diminutive from Low Lat. tonna, tunna, a tun, cask)

tunnel . In the narrowest portion of this gorge, not far from See also:

• BELLEGARDE
• BELLEGARDE, HEINRICH JOSEPH JOHANNES, COUNT VON (1756-1845)

Bellegarde at its lower end, there formerly existed the famous Perte du Rhone (described by See also:

• SAUSSURE, HORACE BENEDICT DE (1740-1799)
• SAUSSURE, NICOLAS THEODORE DE (1767-1845)

Saussure in his Voyages daps See also:

• LES

les Alpes, See also:

• CHAPTER (a shortened form of chapiter, a word still used in architecture for a capital; derived from O. Fr. chapitre, Lat. capitellum, diminutive of caput, head)

chapter xvii.), where for a certain distance the river disappeared in a subterranean channel; but this natural phenomenon has been destroyed, partly by See also:

• BLASTING

blasting, and partly by the diversion of the See also:

• WATER

water for the use of the factories of Bellegarde .

At Bellegarde the Valserine flows in (right), and then the river resumes its southerly direction, from which the great gorge had deflected it for a while . Some way below Bellegarde, between Le Parc and Pyrimont, the Rhone becomes officially " navigable," though as far as Lyons (1906) 858,907 . Area, 1104 sq m . Rhone is bounded N. by the See also:

• NAVIGATION (from Lat. navis, ship, and agere, to move)

navigation now consists all but wholly of the floating of the department of Saone-et-See also:

• LOIRE

Loire, E. by Ain and Isere and S. and See also:

• FLAT (a modification of O. Eng. flet, an obsolete word of Teutonic origin, meaning the ground beneath the feet)

flat-bottomed boats, named rigues, laden chiefly with See also:

• STONE
• STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
• STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
• STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
• STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
• STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
• STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
• STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
• STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)

stone W. by Loire . The Saone and the Rhone See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form its natural quarried f' om the banks of the river . Above Seyssel (ir m. boundary on the east . The department belongs almost entirely from Bellegarde) the Usses (left) joins the Rhone, while just to the See also:

• BASIN, or BASON (the older form bacin is found in many of the Romanic languages, from the Late Lat. baccinus or bacchinus, probably derived from bacca, a bowl)
• BASIN, THOMAS (1412—1491)

basin of the Rhone, to which it sends its waters by the below that village the Fier (left) flows in from the Lake of Saone and its tributary the Azergues, and by the Gier . The See also:

• ANNECY

Annecy . Below the junction of the Fier the hills sink on either mountains which See also:

• COVER (from the Fr. convert, from couvrir, to cover, Lat. cooperire)

cover the See also:

• SURFACE

surface of the department See also:

• CON

con-side, the channel of the river widens, and one may say that it stitute the See also:

• WATERSHED

watershed between the Rhone and the Loire, and leaves the mountains for the plains . At Culoz (412 M. by See also:

• RAIL

rail from north to south form four successive See also:

• GROUPS
• GROUPS, THEORY

groups—the Beaujolais from Geneva) the railway from Geneva to Lyons (105 m.) quits Mountains, the highest See also:

• PEAK, THE

peak of which is 3320 ft.; the See also:

• TARARE

Tarare the Rhone in See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order to run west by a See also:

• DIRECT

direct route past Amberieu. See also:

• GROUP

group; the Lyonnais Mountains (nearly 3000 ft.); and Mont The Rhone continues to See also:

• ROLL (O. Fr. rolle, roulle, mod. role, Lat. rotulus, dim. of rota, wheel)
• ROLL, ALFRED PHILIPPE (1846– )

roll on southwards, but no longer (as Pilat, the highest peak of which belongs to the department of no doubt it did in ancient days) enters the See also:

• LAC

Lac du See also:

• BOURGET, PAUL CHARLES JOSEPH (1852– )

Bourget, of Loire . The lowest point of the department (46o ft. above sea-which it receives the waters through a See also:

• CANAL
• CANAL (from Lat. canalis, " channel " and " kennel " being doublets of the word)

canal, and then leaves level) is at the See also:

• EGRESS (Lat. egressus, going out)

egress of the Rhone . The meteorological con it on the east in order to run along the See also:

• FOOT

foot of the last spur of ditions vary greatly with the See also:

• ELEVATION

elevation and exposure .

See also:

• SNOW (in O. Eng. sndw; a common Indo-European word; cf. in Teutonic languages, Ger. Schnee, Du. sneeuw; in Slavonic snieg', Lith. snegas; Gr. vi4a, Lat. nix, nivis, whence the Romanic forms, Ital. neve, Fr. neige, &c.; Ir. and Gael. sneachd; the original

Snow the Jura . It flows past Yenne (left) and beneath the picturesque sometimes lies in the mountains from See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November to See also:

• APRIL

April, fortress (formerly a Carthusian monastery) of See also:

• PIERRE

Pierre Chatel while at Lyons and in the valleys the mean temperature in See also:

• WINTER, JOHN STRANGE
• WINTER, PETER (c. 1755-1825)

winter (right) before it attains the foot of the extreme southern spur of is 36° F. and in summer 70°, the See also:

• ANNUAL

annual mean being 53° . The the Jura, at a height of 696 ft., not far from the village of See also:

• CORDON (a French derivative of corde, cord)

Cordon, See also:

• AVERAGE

average rainfall is somewhat higher than is See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general over France and just where the .Guiers flows in (left) from the mountains owing to the amount of the precipitation on the hilly region . of the Grande See also:

• CHARTREUSE
• CHARTREUSE, LA GRANDE

Chartreuse . This is nearly the last of the cluses See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

Good agricultural See also:

• LAND

land is found in the valleys of the Saone through which the river has to make its way . The very last and Rhone, but for the most part the See also:

• SOIL

soil is stony and only is at the See also:

• PONT (or KYLPONT), ROBERT (1524–1606)

Pont du Saut or Sault, a little S. of Lagnieu . The river moderately fertile . See also:

• WHEAT
• WHEAT (Triticum)

Wheat, oats, See also:

• RYE

rye and potatoes are ex-now widens, but the neighbouring See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country is much exposed to tensively cultivated, but their importance is less than that of inundations . It receives (right) its most important tributary the See also:

• VINE

vine, the hills of the Beaujolais on the right bank of the in this part of its course, the Ain, which descends from the Saone producing excellent wines . See also:

• FRUIT (through the French from the Lat. fructus; frui, to enjoy)

Fruit trees, such as peaches, French slope of the Jura and is navigable for about 6o m. above apricots, walnuts and chestnuts, grow well, but the See also:

• WOOD, ANTHONY A2 (1632-1695)
• WOOD, JOHN GEORGE (1827—1889)
• WOOD, MRS HENRY [ELLEN] (1814—1887)
• WOOD, SEARLES VALENTINE (1798—188o)

wood in its junction with the Rhone . Farther down the Rhone meanders general is little more than copse and brushwood . Good for a See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time with shifting channels in a bed about 2 M. broad, pasture is found in the valleys of the Azergues and its affluents. but it gathers into a single stream before its junction with the Mines of See also:

• IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

iron-See also:

• PYRITES

pyrites and See also:

• COAL

coal and quarries of freestone are Saone, just below Lyons .

The Saone (q.v.), which has received worked .. The See also:

• PRODUCTION (Lat. productionem, from producere, to pro-duce)

production of See also:

• SILK

silk fabrics, the chief See also:

• BRANCH (from the Fr. branche, late Lat. branca, an animal's paw)

branch of (left) the See also:

• DOUBS

Doubs, is the real continuation of the Rhone, both manufacture, that of chemicals and machinery, together with from a See also:

• GEOGRAPHICAL

geographical and a commercial point of view, and it is most of the other See also:

• INDUSTRIES

industries of the department, are concentrated by means of canals branching off from the course of the Saone in Lyons (q.v.) and its vicinity . Tarare is a centre for the that the Rhone communicates with the basins of the Loire, manufacture of See also:

• MUSLIN (through Fr. mousseline from It. mussolino, diminutive of Mussolo, i.e. the town Mosul in Kurdistan)

muslin and See also:

• EMBROIDERY (M.E. embrouderie, from O. Fr. embroder, Mod. Fr. broder)

embroidery . Oullins has large the See also:

• SEINE
• SEINE (Lat. Sequana)
• SEINE, or SEAN (O. Fr. seigne, mod. seine, Lat. sagena, Gr. vaytivrl, a draw-net)

Seine, the See also:

• RHINE (Lat. Rhenus, Ger. Rhein, Fr. Rhin, Dutch Rhyn, or Rijn)

Rhine and the Moselle . In fact, up to Lyons, railway workshops belonging to the See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris-See also:

• LYON, MARY MASON (1797-1849)
• LYON, NATHANIEL (1818-1861)

Lyon-Mediterranee the Rhone (save when it expands into the Lake of Geneva) is railway, and there are important See also:

• GLASS
• GLASS (O.E. glees, cf. Ger. Glas, perhaps derived from an old Teutonic root gla-, a variant of glo-, having the general sense of shining, cf. " glare," " glow ")
• GLASS, STAINED

glass See also:

• WORKS

works at See also:

• GIVORS

Givors . See also:

• COTTON
• COTTON (Fr. coton; from Arab. qutun)
• COTTON, CHARLES (163o–1687)
• COTTON, GEORGE EDWARD LYNCH (1813–1866)
• COTTON, JOHN (1585–1652)
• COTTON, SIR ROBERT BRUCE

Cotton-a huge and very unruly mountain torrent rather than a great See also:

• SPINNING (from O. Eng. spinnen, to spin, cf. Ger. spinnen, &c., the Teut. root is seen, to draw out, cf. span, spider)

spinning and See also:

• WEAVING

weaving are carried on in several localities . The See also:

• EUROPEAN

European river. products of its manufactures, together with See also:

• WINE (Lat. vinum, Gr. oivos)

wine and See also:

• BRANDY

brandy, 3 . Below Lyons, however, the Rhone becomes one of the form the bulk of the exports of the department; its imports great historical rivers of France . It was up its valley that comprise chiefly the raw material for its industries . It is first See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek, 'then Latin .See also:

• CIVILIZATION

civilization penetrated from the Medi- served by the Paris-Lyon railway . The Rhone and the Saone terranean to Lyons, as well as in the loth See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century the Saracen and in the extreme south the canal of Givors are its navigable bandits from their See also:

• SETTLEMENT
• SETTLEMENT, ACT OF

settlement at La Garde Freinet, near the waterways . Lyons the capital is the seat of an See also:

• ARCHBISHOP (Lat. archiepiscopus, from Gr. apxceatorcoros)

archbishop See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast of See also:

• PROVENCE (Provincia, Proenza)

Provence .

Then, too, from Lyons downwards, the and of a See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court of See also:

• APPEAL

appeal and centre of an educational See also:

• DIVISION (from Lat. dividere, to break up into parts, separate)

division Rhone serves as a great See also:

• MEDIUM

medium of See also:

• COMMERCE
• COMMERCE (Lat. commercium, from, cum, together, and rnerx, merchandise)

commerce by which central (academie) . The department is divided amongst the districts France sends its products to the sea . Its length from Lyons of the VII., VIII., XIL, XIII. and XIV. See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army See also:

• CORPS (pronounced as in French, from which it is taken, being a late spelling of tors, from Lat. corpus, a body; cf. " corpse ")

corps . There to the sea is some 230 m., though its fall is but 530 ft . But are two arrondissements (Lyons and Villefranche) subdivided during this half of its course it can boast of having on its left into 29 cantons and 269 communes . The principal places bank (the right bank is very poor in this respect) such historical besides Lyons are Givors, Tarare and Villefranche, which cities as See also:

• VIENNE
• VIENNE, COUNCIL OF

Vienne, See also:

• VALENCE

Valence, See also:

• AVIGNON

Avignon, See also:

• TARASCON

Tarascon and See also:

• ARLES
• ARLES, KINGDOM OF

Arles, while receive See also:

• SEPARATE

separate treatment . it receives (left) the Isere, the See also:

• DROME

Drome and the See also:

• DURANCE (anc. Druentia)

Durance rivers, RHONGEBIRGE, or See also:

• DIE
• DIE (Fr. de, from Lat. datum, given)

DIE RHoN, a mountain-See also:

• CHAIN (through the O. Fr. citable, chcene, &c., from Lat. catena)

chain of central all formed by the See also:

• UNION
• UNION (known locally as Union Hill and officially as Town of Union)

union of many streams, and bringing down See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany, See also:

• RUNNING

running in a north-westerly direction from the the waters that flow from the lofty snowy See also:

• DAUPHINE

Dauphine Alps . Bavarian See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province of Lower See also:

• FRANCONIA (Ger. Franken)

Franconia to the Prussian province The See also:

• ARDECHE

Ardeche is the only considerable affluent from the right. of See also:

• HESSE
• HESSE (Lat. Hessia, Ger. Hessen)

Hesse-See also:

• NASSAU

Nassau and the See also:

• GRAND

grand duchy of See also:

• SAXE, JOHN GODFREY (1816-1887)
• SAXE, MAURICE, COMTE DE (1696-1750)

Saxe-See also:

• WEIMAR

Weimar, and Near Arles, about 25 M. from the sea, and by rail 1754 M. from divided by the Werra from the Thuringian See also:

• FOREST

Forest on the N . Lyons, the river breaks up into its two See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main branches, the The other sides are bounded by the See also:

• FULDA

Fulda on the W. and the Grand Rhone running S.E. and the See also:

• PETIT, SIR DINSHAW MANECKJI, BART

Petit Rhone S.W.; they Sinn and Frankish Saab on the E. and S . Its length is 50 m., enclose between them the huge See also:

• DELTA (from the shape of the Gr. letter A, delta, originally used of the mouth of the Nile)

delta of the See also:

• CAMARGUE (Insula Camaria)

Camargue, which breadth 5-7 m., and its mean elevation 1900 ft . This See also:

• DISTRICT

district is cultivated on the banks of the river only, but elsewhere is is divided into three groups—the southern, the high (Hohe) simply a great alluvial plain, deposited in the course of ages and the nearer (Vordere) Rhon . Of these the southern, a con-by the river, and now composed of scanty pasturages and of tinuation of the See also:

• SPESSART

Spessart, largely consists of flat conical masses great See also:

• SALT (a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch zout, Ger. Salz, Scand. salt; cognate with Gr. &Xs, Lat. sal)
• SALT, SIR TITUS, BART

salt marshes .

Between Lyons and the sea, the Rhone and reaches its highest point in the Heiliger Kreuzberg (2966 ft.). divides four departments on its right bank (Rhone, Loire, The Hohe Rhon, beginning immediately to the north-west of Ardeche and See also:

• GARD

Gard) from as many on its left bank (Isere, the latter mountain, is a high See also:

• PLATEAU (a French term, older platel, for a flat piece of wood, metal, &c., from plat, flat)
• PLATEAU, JOSEPH ANTOINE FERDINAND (1801-1883)

plateau of red See also:

• SANDSTONE

sandstone, covered See also:

• DAME
• DAME (through the Fr. from Lat. domina, mistress, lady, the feminine of dominus, master, lord)

Dame, See also:

• VAUCLUSE

Vaucluse and Bouches du Rhone). with See also:

• FENS

fens and See also:

• BASALT

basalt peaks . It is a wild, dreary, inclement Consult in general Ch . Lentheric, Le Rhone—histoire d'un ,fleuve, See also:

• TRACT (from Lat. tractare, to treat of a matter, through Provencal tractat and Ital. trattato)

tract of country, covered with snow for six months in the See also:

• YEAR

year 2 vols . (Paris, 1892) . (W . A . B . C.) and visited by frequent fogs and storms .