RIBBONS  . By this name are designated narrow webs, properly of See also:

• SILK

silk, not exceeding nine inches in width, used primarily for binding and tying in connexion with See also:

• DRESS (from the Fr. dresser, to set out, arrange, formed from Lat. directus, arranged, dirigere, to direct, arrange)

dress, but also now applied for innumerable useful, ornamental and symbolical purposes . Along with that of tapes, fringes and other small-wares, the manufacture of ribbons forms a See also:

• SPECIAL

special See also:

• DEPARTMENT (Fr. departement, from departir, to separate into parts)

department of the textile See also:

• INDUSTRIES

industries . The essential feature of a ribbon See also:

• LOOM

loom is the simultaneous See also:

• WEAVING

weaving in one loom See also:

• FRAME

frame of two or more webs, going up to as many as See also:

• FORTY

forty narrow fabrics in See also:

• MODERN

modern looms . To effect the conjoined throwing of all the shuttles and the various other movements of the loom, the automatic See also:

• ACTION

action of the See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power-loom is necessary; and it is a remarkable fact that the self-acting ribbon loom was known and extensively used more than a See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century before the famous invention of See also:

• CARTWRIGHT, EDMUND (1743–1823)
• CARTWRIGHT, JOHN (1740–1824)
• CARTWRIGHT, PETER (1785–1872)
• CARTWRIGHT, SIR RICHARD JOHN (1835– )
• CARTWRIGHT, THOMAS (c. 1535–1603)
• CARTWRIGHT, WILLIAM (1611–1643)

Cartwright . A loom in which several narrow webs could be See also:

• WOVEN

woven at one See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time is mentioned as having been working in Dantzig towards the end of the 16th century . Similar looms were at See also:

• WORK

work in See also:

• LEIDEN

Leiden in 162o, where their use gave rise to so much discontent and rioting on the See also:

• PART

part of the weavers that the states-See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general had to prohibit their use . The See also:

• PROHIBITION (Lat. prohibere, to prevent)

prohibition was renewed at various intervals throughout the century, and in the same See also:

• INTERVAL

interval the use of the ribbon loom was interdicted in most of the See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal See also:

• INDUSTRIAL

industrial centres of See also:

• EUROPE

Europe . About 1676, under the name of the Dutch loom or See also:

• ENGINE
• ENGINE (Lat. ingenium)

engine loom, it was brought to See also:

• LONDON

London; and, although its introduction there caused some disturbance, it does not appear to have been prohibited . In 1745, See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John See also:

• KAY, JOHN (1742-1826)
• KAY, JOSEPH (1821-1878)

Kay, the inventor of the See also:

• FLY (formed on the root of the supposed original Tent. fleugan, to fly)

fly-See also:

• SHUTTLE (O. Eng. shitel, &c.; from the same word as " shoot ")

shuttle, obtained, conjointly with See also:

• JOSEPH
• JOSEPH, COMTE DE (1785-1870)
• JOSEPH, FATHER (FRANCOIS LECLERC DU TREMBLAY) (1577-1638)

Joseph Stell, a patent for improvements in the ribbon loom; and since that See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period it has benefited by the inventions applied to weaving machinery generally . Ribbon-weaving is known to have been established near St See also:

• ETIENNE, CHARLES GUILLAUME (1778-1845)

Etienne (dep . See also:

• LOIRE

Loire) so See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early as the 11th century, and that See also:

• TOWN

town has remained the headquarters of the See also:

• INDUSTRY (Lat. industria, from indu-, a form of the pre, position in, and either stare, to stand, or struere, to pile up)

industry .

During the Huguenot troubles, ribbon-weavers from St Etienne settled at See also:

• BASEL (Fr. Bale)
• BASEL (Fr. Belle, but Basle is a wholly erroneous form; Ital. Basilea)
• BASEL, CONFESSION OF
• BASEL, COUNCIL OF

Basel and there established an industry which in modern times has rivalled that of the See also:

• ORIGINAL

original seat of the See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade . See also:

• CREFELD, or KREFELD

Crefeld is the centre of the See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German ribbon industry, the manufacture of See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

black See also:

• VELVET

velvet ribbon being there a specialty . In See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England See also:

• COVENTRY, SIR JOHN (d. 1682)
• COVENTRY, SIR WILLIAM (c. 1628-1686)
• COVENTRY, THOMAS COVENTRY, 1ST BARON (2578–1640)

Coventry is the most important seat of ribbon-making, which is also prosecuted at See also:

• NORWICH
• NORWICH, GEORGE GORING, EARL OF (1583?-1663)

Norwich and See also:

• LEICESTER
• LEICESTER, EARLS OF
• LEICESTER, ROBERT DUDLEY, EARL
• LEICESTER, ROBERT SIDNEY, EARL OF (1563-1626)
• LEICESTER, THOMAS WILLIAM COKE, EARL OF (1754-1842)

Leicester .