See also:

• ALEXANDRE, NOEL (NATALIS ALEXANDER) (1639-1724)

ALEXANDRE See also:

• FELIX
• FELIX, ANTONIUS
• FELIX, LIA (1830– )

FELIX See also:

• JOSEPH
• JOSEPH, COMTE DE (1785-1870)
• JOSEPH, FATHER (FRANCOIS LECLERC DU TREMBLAY) (1577-1638)

JOSEPH See also:

• ALEXANDRE FELIX JOSEPH RIBOT (1842– )
• RIBOT, THEODULE (1823–1891)
• RIBOT, THEODULE ARMAND (1839- )

RIBOT (1842– )  , See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French statesman, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at St Omer on 7th See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 1842 . After a brilliant career at the university of See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, where he was laureat of the See also:

• FACULTY (through the French, from the Lat. facultas, ability to do anything, from facilis, easy, facere, to do; another form of the word in Lat. facilitas, facility, ease, keeps the original meaning)

faculty of See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law, he rapidly made his See also:

• MARK
• MARK, CARL (1858– )
• MARK, GOSPEL OF ST
• MARK, ST

mark at the See also:

• BAR
• BAR (0. Fr. barre, Late Lat. barra, origin unknown)
• BAR, CONFEDERATION OF
• BAR, FRANCOIS DE (1538-1606)
• BAR, THE

bar . He was secretary of the See also:

• CONFERENCE

conference of See also:

• ADVOCATES, FACULTY OF

advocates and one of the founders of the Societe de legislation comparee . During 1875 and 1876 he was successively director of criminal affairs and secretary-See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general ,at the See also:

• MINISTRY

ministry of See also:

• JUSTICE (Lat. justitia)

justice . In 1877 he made his entry into See also:

• POLITICAL

political See also:

• LIFE

life by the conspicuous See also:

• PART

part he played on the See also:

• COMMITTEE (from commute, an Anglo-Fr. past participle of commettre, Lat. committere, to entrust; the modern Fr. equivalent comite is derived from the Eng.)

committee of legal resistance during the See also:

• BROGLIE, DE

Broglie ministry, and in the following See also:

• YEAR

year he was returned to the chamber as a moderate republican member for See also:

• BOULOGNE, or BOULLONGNE

Boulogne, in his native See also:

• DEPARTMENT (Fr. departement, from departir, to separate into parts)

department of Pas-de-See also:

• CALAIS

Calais . His impassioned yet reasoned eloquence gave him an See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence which was increased by his articles in the See also:

• PARLEMENT (see PARLIAMENT)

Parlement in which he opposed violent See also:

• MEASURES

measures against the unauthorized congregations . He devoted himself especially to See also:

• FINANCIAL

financial questions, and in 1882 was reporter. of the See also:

• BUDGET (originally from a Gallic word meaning sack, latinized as bulga, leather wallet or bag, thence in O. Fr. bougette, from which the Eng. form is derived)

budget . He became one of the most prominent republican opponents of the See also:

• RADICAL (Lat. radix, a root)

Radical party, distinguishing himself by his attacks on the See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short-lived See also:

• GAMBETTA, LEON (1838-1882)

Gambetta ministry . He refused to See also:

• VOTE

vote the credits demanded by the See also:

• FERRY (from the same root as that of the verb " to fare," to journey or travel, common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. fahren; it is connected with the root of Gr. 7ropos, way, and Lat. portage, to carry)
• FERRY, JULES FRANCOIS CAMILLE (1832—1893)

Ferry See also:

• CABINET

cabinet for the See also:

• TONGKING

Tongking expedition, and shared with M . See also:

• CLEMENCEAU, GEORGES (1841– )

Clemenceau in the overthrow of the ministry in 1885 . At the general See also:

• ELECTION
• ELECTION (from Lat. eligere, to pick out)

election of that year he was one of the victims of the Republican rout in the Pas-de-Calais, and did not re-enter the chamber till 1887 . After 1889 he sat for St Omer .

His fear of the Boulangist See also:

• MOVEMENT

movement converted him to the policy of " Re-publican Concentration," and he entered See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office in 1890 asforeign See also:

• MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister in the See also:

• FREYCINET, CHARLES LOUIS DE SAULCES DE (1828- )
• FREYCINET, LOUIS CLAUDE DESAULSES DE (1779-1842)

Freycinet cabinet . He had an intimate acquaintance and sympathy with See also:

• ENGLISH

English institutions, and two of his published See also:

• WORKS

works—an address, Biographie de See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord See also:

• ERSKINE, EBENEZER (1680-1754)
• ERSKINE, HENRY (1746-1817)
• ERSKINE, JOHN
• ERSKINE, JOHN (1721-1803)
• ERSKINE, RALPH (1685-1752)
• ERSKINE, THOMAS
• ERSKINE, THOMAS ERSKINE, 1ST BARON (1750-1823)

Erskine (1866), and Etude sur l'acte du 5 avril 1873 pour l'etablissement d'une tour supreme de justice en Angleterre (1874)—See also:

• DEAL

deal with English questions; he also gave a fresh and, highly important direction to French policy by the understanding with See also:

• RUSSIA
• RUSSIA (Rossiya)

Russia, which was declared to the See also:

• WORLD

world by the visit of the French See also:

• FLEET

fleet. to Cronstadt in 1891, and which subsequently ripened into a formal treaty of See also:

• ALLIANCE

alliance . . He retained his See also:

• POST

post in the See also:

• LOUBET, EMILE FRANCOIS (1838— )

Loubet ministry (February–See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1892), and on its defeat became himself See also:

• PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

president of the See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council, retaining the direction of See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign affairs . The See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government resigned in See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1893 on the refusal of the chamber to accept the See also:

• SENATE (Lat. senatus, from root sen-, as in senex, old; the root is the Sanskrit sana, cf. Gr. 'vos; the same element appears in senor, seigneur, seneschal)

Senate's amendments to the budget . On the election of See also:

• FELIX
• FELIX, ANTONIUS
• FELIX, LIA (1830– )

Felix See also:

• FAURE, FRANCOIS FELIX (1841–18gg)

Faure as president of the See also:

• REPUBLIC (Lat. respublica, a commonweal or common-wealth)

Republic in See also:

• JANUARY

January 1895, M . See also:

• RIBOT, ALEXANDRE FELIX JOSEPH (1842– )
• RIBOT, THEODULE (1823–1891)
• RIBOT, THEODULE ARMAND (1839- )

Ribot again became premier and minister of See also:

• FINANCE

finance . On the loth of See also:

• JUNE

June he was able to make the first See also:

• OFFICIAL (Late Lat. QJicialis, for class. Lat. apparitor, from officium, office, duty)

official announcement of a definite alliance with Russia . On the 30th of See also:

• OCTOBER

October the government was defeated on the question of the Chemin de fer du Sud, and resigned office . The real See also:

• REASON (Lat. ratio, through French raison)

reason of its fall was the mismanagement of the See also:

• MADAGASCAR

Madagascar expedition, the cost of which in men and See also:

• MONEY

money exceeded all expectations, and the alarming social conditions at See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home, as indicated by the strike at Carmaux . After the fall of the See also:

• MELINE, FELIX JULES (1838– )

Meline ministry in 1898 M . Ribot tried in vain to See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form a cabinet of " conciliation." He was elected, at the end of 1898, president of the important See also:

• COMMISSION (from Lat. commissio, committere)

commission on See also:

• EDUCATION

education, in which he advocated the See also:

• ADOPTION (Lat. adoptio, for adoptalio, from adoptare, to choose for oneself)

adoption of a See also:

• MODERN

modern See also:

• SYSTEM

system of education . The policy of the Waldeck-See also:

• ROUSSEAU, JACQUES (1633-1693)
• ROUSSEAU, JEAN BAPTISTE (1671-1741)
• ROUSSEAU, JEAN JACQUES (1712-1778)
• ROUSSEAU, PIERRE ETIENNE THEODORE (1812–1867); French painter of the Barbizon school, was born in Paris on the 15th of April 1812, of a bourgeois family which included one or two artists. At first he received a business training, but soon displayed aptitu

Rousseau ministry on the religious teaching congregations See also:

• BROKE, or BROOKE, ARTHUR (d. 1563)
• BROKE, SIR PHILIP BOWES VERE, BART

broke up the Republican party, and M .

Ribot was among the seceders; but at the general election. of 1902, though he himself secured reelection, his policy suffered a severe check ... He actively opposed the policy of the See also:

• COMBES, [JUSTIN LOUIS] SMILE (1835– )

Combes ministry and denounced the alliance with M . See also:

• JAURES, JEAN LEON (1859- )

Jaures, and on the 13th of January 1905 he was one of the leaders of the opposition which brought about the fall of the cabinet . Although he had been most violent in denouncing the See also:

• ANTI, or CAMPA

anti-clerical policy of the Combes cabinet, he now announced his willingness to recognize a new regime to replace the See also:

• CONCORDAT (Lat. concordatum, agreed upon, from con-, together, and cor, heart)

Concordat, and gave the government his support in the See also:

• ESTABLISHMENT (0. Fr. establissement, Fr. etablissement, late Norm. Fr. establishement, from O. Fr. establir, Fr. etablir, Lat. stabilire, to make stable)

establishment of the Associations cultuetles, while he secured some mitigation of the severities attending the separation . He was re-elected See also:

• DEPUTY (through the Fr. from a Late Lat. use of deputare, to cut off, allot; putare having the original sense of to trim, prune)

deputy for St . Omer in 1906 . In the same year he became a member of. the French See also:

• ACADEMY, GREEK
• ACADEMY, ROYAL

Academy in See also:

• SUCCESSION (Lat. successio, from succedere, to follow after)

succession to the duc d'Audiffret-See also:

• PASQUIER, ETIENNE (1529-1615)
• PASQUIER, ETIENNE DENIS

Pasquier; he was already a member of the Academy of Moral and Political See also:

• SCIENCE (Lat. scientia, from scire; to learn, know)

Science . In See also:

• JUSTIFICATION

justification of his policy in opposition he published in 1905 two volumes of his Discours politiques .