See also:

• RICE (Greek 6p6 a, Latin oryza, French riz, Italian riso, Spanish arroz, derived from the Arabic)
• RICE, EDMUND IGNATIUS (1762-1844)
• RICE, JAMES (1843-1882)

RICE (See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek 6p6 a, Latin oryza, See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French riz, See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian riso, See also:

• SPANISH

Spanish arroz, derived from the Arabic)  ,• a well-known cereal, botanical name Oryza saliva . According to Roxburgh, the See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• INDIAN

Indian botanist, the cultivated See also:

• RICE (Greek 6p6 a, Latin oryza, French riz, Italian riso, Spanish arroz, derived from the Arabic)
• RICE, EDMUND IGNATIUS (1762-1844)
• RICE, JAMES (1843-1882)

rice with all its numerous varieties has originated from a See also:

• WILD, JONATHAN (c. 1682-1725)

wild plant, called in See also:

• INDIA
• INDIA, FRENCH

India Newaree or Nivara, which is indigenous on the See also:

• BORDERS, THE

borders of lakes in the Circars and elsewhere in India, and is also native in tropical See also:

• AUSTRALIA

Australia . The rice plant is an See also:

• ANNUAL

annual grass with See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long linear glabrous leaves, each provided with a long sharply pointed -ligule . The spikelets are See also:

• BORNE, KARL LUDWIG (1786–1837)

borne on a See also:

• COMPOUND
• COMPOUND (from Lat. componere, to combine or put together)

compound or branched spike, erect at first but afterwards See also:

• BENT
• BENT (E1. BENI)
• BENT, JAMES THEODORE (1852–1897)

bent downwards . Each spikelet contains a solitary See also:

• FLOWER (Lat. flos, floris; Fr. fleur)
• FLOWER, SIB

flower with two See also:

• OUTER

outer small barren glumes, above which is a large tough, compressed, often awned, flowering glume, which partly encloses the somewhat similar See also:

• PALE (through Fr. pal, from Lat. palms, a stake, for paglus, from the stem pag- of pangere, to fix; " pole " is from the same original source)

pale . Within these are six stamens, a hairy ovary surmounted by two feathery styles which ripens into the See also:

• FRUIT (through the French from the Lat. fructus; frui, to enjoy)

fruit (See also:

• GRAIN (derived through the French from Lat. granum, seed, from an Aryan root meaning " to wear down," which also appears in the common Teutonic word " corn ")

grain), and which is invested by the husk formed by the persistent glume and pale . The cultivated varieties are extremely numerous, some kinds being adapted for marshy See also:

• LAND

land, others Rice (Oryza saliva). for growth on the See also:

• HILL
• HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
• HILL, A
• HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
• HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
• HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
• HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
• HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
• HILL, JAMES J
• HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
• HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
• HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
• HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
• HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)

hill- sides . The cultivators A, spikelet (enlarged) ; B, bearded variety make two See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal C, spikelet of B (enlarged). divisions according as the sorts - are See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early or See also:

• LATE

late . Rice has been cultivated from See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time immemorial in tropical countries . According to Stanislas See also:

• JULIEN, STANISLAS (1797?-1873)

Julien a ceremonial See also:

• ORDINANCE
• ORDINANCE, or ORDONNANCE

ordinance was established in See also:

• CHINA

China by the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor See also:

• CHIN

Chin-nung 2800 years B.C., in accordance with which the emperor sows the rice himself while the seeds of four other kinds may be sown by the princes of his See also:

• FAMILY

family . This fact, joined to other considerations, induced See also:

• ALPHONSE, COUNT OF TOULOUSE AND OF POITIERS (I220-1271)

Alphonse de See also:

• CANDOLLE, AUGUSTIN PYRAME DE (1778—1841)

Candolle to consider rice as a native of China . It was very early cultivated in India, in some parts of which See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country, as in tropical Australia, it is, as we have seen, indigenous .

It is not mentioned in the See also:

• BIBLE
• BIBLE, ENGLISH

Bible, but its culture is alluded to in the See also:

• TALMUD

Talmud . There is See also:

• PROOF (in M. Eng. preove, proeve, preve, &°c., from O. Fr . prueve, proeve, &c., mod. preuve, Late. Lat. proba, probate, to prove, to test the goodness of anything, probus, good)

proof of its culture in the See also:

• EUPHRATES (Babylon. Purattu, Heb. Perath, Arab. Frdt or Furst, Old Pers. Ufratu, Gr. Eb4 parrls)

Euphrates valley and in See also:

• SYRIA

Syria four See also:

• HUNDRED

hundred years before See also:

• CHRIST (Gr. X pLQTOS, Anointed)
• CHRIST, WILHELM VON (1831-1906)

Christ . See also:

• CRAWFURD, JOHN (1783-1868)

Crawfurd, on philological grounds, considers that rice was introduced into See also:

• PERSIA

Persia from See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern India . The See also:

• ARABS

Arabs carried the plant into See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain . Rice was first cultivated in See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy near See also:

• PISA
• PISA, COUNCIL OF (1409)

Pisa in 1468 . It was not introduced into S . Carolina until 1700, and then, it is said, by See also:

• ACCIDENT
• ACCIDENT (from Lat. accidere, to happen)

accident, although at one time the southern See also:

• UNITED

United States furnished a large proportion of the rice introduced into See also:

• COMMERCE
• COMMERCE (Lat. commercium, from, cum, together, and rnerx, merchandise)

commerce . Rice See also:

• SPORTS
• SPORTS, THE BOOK OF

sports into far more varieties than any of the corns See also:

• FAMILIAR (through the Fr. familier, from Lat. familiaris, of or belonging to the familia, family)

familiar to Europeans; for some varieties grow in the See also:

• WATER

water and some on dry land; some come to maturity in three months, while others take four and six months to do so . A very full See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of the cultivation of rice in India will be found in See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George See also:

• WATT, JAMES (1736-1819)

Watt's See also:

• DICTIONARY

Dictionary of the Economic Products of India . Rice constitutes one of the most important articles of See also:

• FOOD
• FOOD (like the verb " to feed," from a Teutonic root, whence O. Eng. foda; cf. " fodder "; connected with Gr. lrareicOae, to feed)

food in all tropical and subtropical countries, and is one of the most prolific of all crops . The rice yields best on See also:

• LOW, SETH (1850- )
• LOW, WILL HICOK (1853- )

low lands subject to occasional inundations, and thus enriched by alluvial deposits . An abundantrainfall during the growing See also:

• SEASON (0. Fr. seson, seison, mod. saison, Lat. satio, sowing time, the spring, from serere, to sow; in Late Lat. the word is found with its present meaning, the spring being considered as particularly the season of the year)

season is also a desideratum .

Rice is sown broadcast, and in some districts is transplanted after a fort-See also:

• NIGHT

night or three See also:

• WEEKS, EDWIN LORD (1849-1903)

weeks . No See also:

• SPECIAL

special rotation is followed: indeed the See also:

• SOIL

soil best suited for rice is See also:

• ILL

ill adapted for any other See also:

• CROP (a word common. in various forms, such as Germ. Kropf, to many Teutonic languages for a swelling, excrescence, round head or top of anything; it appears also in Romanic languages derived from Teutonic, in Fr. as troupe, whence the English " crupper "

crop . In some cases little manure is employed, but in others abundance of manure is used . No special tillage is required, but weeding and See also:

• IRRIGATION (Lat. in, and rigare, to water or wet)

irrigation are requisite . Rice in the husk is known as " paddy . On cutting across a grain of rice and examining it under the See also:

• MICROSCOPE (Gr. µucp6s, small, asenreiv, to %view)

microscope, first the flattened and dried cells of the husk are seen, and then one or two layers of cells elongated in a direction parallel to the length of the See also:

• SEED (from the root seen in Lat. serere, to sow)

seed, which contain the See also:

• GLUTEN

gluten or nitrogenous See also:

• MATTER

matter . Within these, and forming by far the largest See also:

• PART

part of the seed, are large polygonal cells filled with very numerous and very See also:

• MINUTE
• MINUTE (Lat. minutes, small; minuere, to make less)

minute angular See also:

• STARCH

starch grains . Rice is not so valuable as a food as some other cereals, inasmuch as the proportion of nitrogenous matter (gluten) is less . Payen gives only 7% of gluten in rice as compared with 22 % in the finest See also:

• WHEAT
• WHEAT (Triticum)

wheat, 14 in oats and 12 in See also:

• MAIZE, or INDIAN CORN

maize . The percentage of potash in the ash is as i8 to 23 in wheat . The fatty matter is also less in proportion than in other cereals . Rice, therefore, is chiefly a farinaceous food, and requires to be combined with fatty and nitrogenous substances, such as See also:

• MILK (0. Eng. meoluc; from a common Indo-European root, cf. Lat. mulgere, Gr. ?t dXyetv)

milk or See also:

• MEAT

meat See also:

• GRAVY

gravy, to satisfy the requirements of the See also:

• SYSTEM

system .

- A large proportion of the rice brought to See also:

• EUROPE

Europe is used for starch-making, and some is taken by' distillers of See also:

• ALCOHOL

alcohol . Rice is also .the source of a drinking spirit in India, known as arrack, and the See also:

• NATIONAL

national beverage of apan—See also:

• SAKE

sake—is prepared from the grain by means of an organic ferment .