See also:

• RICHARD
• RICHARD (d. 1184)
• RICHARD, FRANCOIS MARIE BENJAMIN (18,9-1908)
• RICHARD, HENRY (1812-1888)
• RICHARD, ST

RICHARD OF See also:

• CIRENCESTER (traditionally pronounced Ciceter)

CIRENCESTER (c. 1335-c. 1401)  , See also:

• HISTORICAL

historical writer, was a member of the See also:

• BENEDICTINE

Benedictine See also:

• ABBEY (Lat. abbatia; from Syr. abba, father)
• ABBEY, EDWIN AUSTIN (1852– )

abbey at See also:

• WESTMINSTER
• WESTMINSTER, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
• WESTMINSTER, STATUTES OF
• WESTMINSTER, SYNODS OF

Westminster, and his name (" Circestre ") first appears on the See also:

• CHAMBERLAIN (0. Fr. chamberlain, chamberlenc, Mod. Fr. chambellan, from O. H. Ger. Chamarling, Chamarlinc, whence also the Med. Lat. cambellanus, camerlingus, camerlengus; Ital. camerlingo; Span. camerlengo, compounded of 0. H. Ger. Chamara, Kamara [Lat.
• CHAMBERLAIN, JOSEPH (1836— )
• CHAMBERLAIN, JOSHUA LAWRENCE (1828– )
• CHAMBERLAIN, SIR NEVILLE BOWLES (1820-1902)

chamberlain's See also:

• LIST (O.E. lisle, a Teutonic word, cf. Dut. lust, Ger. Leiste, adapted in Ital. lista and Fr. lisle)
• LIST, FRIEDRICH (1789-1846)

list of the monks of that See also:

• FOUNDATION (Lat. fundatio, from fundare, to found)

foundation See also:

• DRAWN

drawn up in the See also:

• YEAR

year 1355 . In the year 1391 he obtained a See also:

• LICENCE (through the French from Lat. licentia, licere, to be lawful)

licence from the See also:

• ABBOT (from the Hebrew ab, a father, through the Syriac abba, Lat. abbas, gen. abbatis, O.E. abbad, fr. late Lat. form abbad-em changed in 13th century under influence of the Lat. form to abbat, used alternatively till the end of the 17th century; Ger. Ab
• ABBOT, EZRA (1819-1884)
• ABBOT, GEORGE (1603-1648)
• ABBOT, ROBERT (1588?–1662?)
• ABBOT, WILLIAM (1798-1843)

abbot to go to See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome, and in this the abbot gives his testimony to See also:

• RICHARD
• RICHARD (d. 1184)
• RICHARD, FRANCOIS MARIE BENJAMIN (18,9-1908)
• RICHARD, HENRY (1812-1888)
• RICHARD, ST

Richard's perfect and sincere observance of See also:

• RELIGION
• RELIGION, FOLKLORE, CUSTOM

religion for upwards of See also:

• THIRTY

thirty years . In 1400 Richard was in the infirmary of the abbey, where he died in the following year . His only known extant See also:

• WORK

work is See also:

• SPECULUM

Speculum Historiale de Gestis Regum Angliae, 447-1066 . The MS. of this is in the university library at See also:

• CAMBRIDGE
• CAMBRIDGE, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• CAMBRIDGE, RICHARD OWEN (1717-1802)

Cambridge, and has been edited for the Rolls See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

Series (No . 3o) by See also:

• PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

Professor J . E . B . See also:

• MAYOR (Lat. major, greater)
• MAYOR, JOHN EYTON BICKERSTETH (1825– )

Mayor (2 vols., See also:

• LONDON

London, 1863-69) . It is in four books, and at the conclusion of the See also:

• FOURTH

fourth See also:

• BOOK

book Richard expresses his intention of continuing his narrative from the See also:

• ACCESSION (from Lat. accedere, to go to, to approach)

accession of See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William I., and incorporating a See also:

• SKETCH (directly adapted from Dutch schets, which was taken from Ital. schizzo, a rough draft, Lat. schedium, something hastily made, Gr. oxE&os, sudden, off-hand, axeb6v, near by; Ger. Skizze and Fr. esquisse are from the same source)

sketch of the Conqueror's career from his See also:

• BIRTH (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages from the root of the verb " to bear ")

birth . This See also:

• DESIGN (Fr. desiin, drawing; Lat. designare, to mark out)

design he does not, however, appear to have carried into effect . The value of the Speculum as a contribution to our historical knowledge is but slight, for it is mainly a compilation from other writers; while even in trans-scribing these the compiler is guilty of See also:

• GREAT

great carelessness .

He gives, however, numerous charters See also:

• RELATING

relating to Westminster Abbey, and also a very See also:

• COMPLETE

complete See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of the See also:

• SAINTS, BATTLE OF THE

saints whose tombs were in the abbey See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church, and especially of See also:

• EDWARD

Edward the See also:

• CONFESSOR

Confessor . The work was, however, largely used by historians and antiquaries, until, with the rise of a more See also:

• CRITICAL (in alphabetical order of authors)

critical spirit, its value became more accurately estimated . Besides the Speculum Richard also wrote, according to the statement of William of See also:

• WOODFORD

Woodford in his See also:

• ANSWER (derived from and, against, and the same root as swear)

Answer to Wycliffe (Edward See also:

• BROWN
• BROWN, CHARLES BROCKDEN (1771-181o)
• BROWN, FORD MADOX (1821-1893)
• BROWN, FRANCIS (1849- )
• BROWN, GEORGE (1818-188o)
• BROWN, HENRY KIRKE (1814-1886)
• BROWN, JACOB (1775–1828)
• BROWN, JOHN (1715–1766)
• BROWN, JOHN (1722-1787)
• BROWN, JOHN (1735–1788)
• BROWN, JOHN (1784–1858)
• BROWN, JOHN (1800-1859)
• BROWN, JOHN (1810—1882)
• BROWN, JOHN GEORGE (1831— )
• BROWN, ROBERT (1773-1858)
• BROWN, SAMUEL MORISON (1817—1856)
• BROWN, SIR GEORGE (1790-1865)
• BROWN, SIR JOHN (1816-1896)
• BROWN, SIR WILLIAM, BART
• BROWN, THOMAS (1663-1704)
• BROWN, THOMAS (1778-1820)
• BROWN, THOMAS EDWARD (1830-1897)
• BROWN, WILLIAM LAURENCE (1755–1830)

Brown, Fasciculus Rerum expetendarum, p . 193), a See also:

• TREATISE

treatise De O lciis; and there was formerly in the See also:

• CATHEDRAL

cathedral library at See also:

• PETERBOROUGH

Peterborough another tractate from his See also:

• PEN (Lat. penna, a feather, pen)

pen, entitled Super Symbolum . Of neither of these See also:

• WORKS

works, however, does any known copy now exist . The Speculum affords the most conclusive See also:

• PROOF (in M. Eng. preove, proeve, preve, &°c., from O. Fr . prueve, proeve, &c., mod. preuve, Late. Lat. proba, probate, to prove, to test the goodness of anything, probus, good)

proof of the spuriousness of another work attributed to Richard and See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long accepted by the learned See also:

• WORLD

world as his . This was the De Situ Britanniae, an elaborate See also:

• FORGERY (derived through the French from Latin fabricare, to construct)

forgery relating to the antiquities of See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain, which first appeared at See also:

• COPENHAGEN (Danish Kjobenhavn)

Copenhagen in the year 1747 . It was printed with the works of See also:

• GILDAS, or GILDUS (c. 516–J70)

Gildas and See also:

• NENNIUS (fl. 796)

Nennius, under the editorship of See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles See also:

• JULIUS

Julius See also:

• BERTRAM, CHARLES (1723–1765)

Bertram, professor of See also:

• ENGLISH

English in the See also:

• ACADEMY, GREEK
• ACADEMY, ROYAL

academy of Copenhagen in the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle of the 18th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, with the following See also:

• SPECIAL

special See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title: " Richardi Corinensis monachi Westmonasteriensis de situ Britanniae libri duo . E . Codici MS. descripsit, Notisque et Indite adornavit Carolus Bertram." This forgery was accepted as genuine by a well-known See also:

• ANTIQUARY

antiquary of the 18th century, Dr William See also:

• STUKELEY, WILLIAM (1687-2765)

Stukeley, and under the See also:

• SANCTION (Lat. sanctia, from sancire, to decree or ordain)

sanction of his authority continued for a long See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time to be regarded in the same See also:

• LIGHT

light by numerous scholars and antiquaries, including See also:

• GIBBON
• GIBBON, EDWARD (1737–1794)

Gibbon and See also:

• LINGARD, JOHN (1771-1851)

Lingard . On the other See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand, critics of a later date gave expression, on various grounds, to a contrary conclusion . All doubt on the subject may, however, be held to have been effectually set at See also:

• REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest by the masterly exposure of the whole See also:

• FRAUD (Lat. fraus, deceit)

fraud drawn up by Professor Mayor in the See also:

• PREFACE (Med. Lat. prefatia, for classical praefatio, praefari, to speak beforehand)

preface to the edition above referred to of the Speculum .

He has there not only demonstrated, from the See also:

• EXTERNAL

external and See also:

• INTERNAL

internal See also:

• EVIDENCE (Lat. evidentia, evideri, to appear clearly)

evidence alike, the spuriousness of the whole treatise, but in a See also:

• COLLATION (Lat. collatio, from conferre, to bring together or compare)

collation (extending to nearly a See also:

• HUNDRED

hundred pages) of numerous passages with corresponding passages in classical See also:

• MEDIEVAL

medieval authorities, has also traced out the various See also:

• SOURCES

sources whence Bertram derived the terminology and the facts which he reproduced in the De Situ . (J . B .