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LOUIS FRANCOIS ARMAND DU PLESSIS RICH...

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Originally appearing in Volume V23, Page 305 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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LOUIS
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FRANCOIS ARMAND DU PLESSIS
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RICHELIEU  , Duc DE (1696-1788),
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marshal of
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France, was a grandnephew of
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Cardinal
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Richelieu, and was
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born in
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Paris on the 13th of
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March 1696 . Apart from his reputation as a
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man of exceptionally loose morals, he attained, in spite of a deplorably defective
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education, distinction as a diplomatist and
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general . As
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ambassador to
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Vienna (1725-29) he settled in 1727 the preliminaries of
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peace; in 1733-34 he served in . the
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Rhine
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campaign . His real public career began ten years later . He fought with distinction at
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Dettingen and
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Fontenoy, where he directed the grapeshot upon the
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English columns, and three years afterwards he made a brilliant
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defence of
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Genoa; in 1756 he expelled the English from
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Minorca by the
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capture of the
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San Felipe fortress; and in 1757-58 he closed his military career by those pillaging
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campaigns in
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Hanover which procured him the
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sobriquet of
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Petit Pere de la Maraude . After the
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wars he plunged again into
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court intrigue, favouredthe comtesse du
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Barry and supported his
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nephew the duc d'
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Aiguillon .
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Louis XVI., however, was not favourably inclined to hiln . In his
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early-days he was thrice imprisoned in the
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Bastille: in 1711 at the instance of his stepfather, in 1716 in consequence of a
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duel, and in 1719 for his
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share in
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Alberoni's
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conspiracy against the
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regent
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Orleans . He was thrice married: first, against his will, at the
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age of fourteen to
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Anne
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Catherine de
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Noailles; secondly, in 1734, by the intrigues (according to the witty Frenchman's own
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account) of
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Voltaire, to
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Marie Elisabeth Sophie, Mademoiselle de
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Guise; and thirdly, when he was eighty-four years old, to an Irish
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lady . He died in Paris on the 8th of
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August 1788 . Marshal Richelieu's Memoires, published by J . L .

Soulavie in nine volumes (1790), are partially

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spurious . See H .
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Noel
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Williams, The Fascinating Duc de Richelieu (1910) .

End of Article: LOUIS FRANCOIS ARMAND DU PLESSIS RICHELIEU
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ARMAND JEAN DU PLESSIS RICHELIEU 		[next]
JEAN RICHEPIN (1849- )

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