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LOUIS RIEL (1844-1885)

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Originally appearing in Volume V23, Page 321 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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LOUIS See also:RIEL (1844-1885)  , See also:Canadian agitator, son of See also:Louis See also:Riel and Julie deLagemaundiere, was See also:born at St See also:Boniface, on the 23rd of See also:October 1844, according to his own See also:account, though others See also:place his See also:birth in 1847 . Though known as a See also:half-breed, or Metis, and though with both See also:Indian and Irish ancestors, his See also:blood was mainly See also:French . From See also:July 1866 he worked for two years at various occupations in See also:Minnesota, returning in July, i868 to St Vital, near St Boniface . In 1869 the See also:transfer of the territorial rights of the See also:Hudson's See also:Bay See also:Company to the dominion of See also:Canada gave See also:great uneasiness to the Metis, and in October 1869 a party led by Riel turned back at the See also:American frontier the newly appointed Canadian See also:governor; in See also:November they captured Fort Garry (See also:Winnipeg), the headquarters of the Company, and called a See also:convention which passed a See also:bill of rights . In See also:December a ' provisional See also:government was set up, of which on the 29th of December Riel was made See also:president, and which defeated ' two attacks made on it by the See also:English-speaking settlers of the vicinity . So far the Metis had been within their rights, but Riel was flighty, vain and mystical, and his judicial See also:murder on the 4th of See also:March 1870 of See also:Thomas See also:Scott, an• See also:Orange-See also:man from See also:Ontario, roused against him the whole of English-speaking Canada . An expedition was equipped and sent out under See also:Colonel See also:Garnet, later See also:Lord, See also:Wolseley, 'which captured Fort Garry on the 24th of See also:August i87o, Riel decamping . (See STRATHCONA, See also:Loin.) He was not arrested,' and on the 4th of August 1871 urged his countrymen to combine with the Canadians against a threatened attack from American See also:Fenians, for which See also:good service he was publicly thanked by the See also:lieutenant-governor . In 1872 for religious reasons he changed his name to Louis See also:David Riel . In October 1873 he became member of the Dominion See also:parliament for Provencher, came to See also:Ottawa and took the See also:oath, but did not sit . On the 16th of See also:April 1874 he was expelled the See also:House, but in See also:September was again elected for Provencher; on the loth of See also:February 1875 he was outlawed, and the seat thereby again vacated . In 1877–78 he was for over a See also:year a patient in the Beauport See also:asylum for the insane, but from 1879 to 1884 he lived quietly in See also:Montana, where in 1881 he married See also:Marguerite Bellimeure .

In 1884 in response to a deputation from the Metis, who had moved See also:

west to the forks of the See also:Saskatchewan See also:river, he returned to Canada to win redress for their wrongs . His own rashness and the .ineptitude of Canadian politicians and officials brought on a rising, which was crushed after some hard fighting, and on the . 15th of May 1885 Riel surrendered . He was imprisoned at See also:Regina, was tried and on the 1st of August found guilty of See also:treason, and on the 16th of November was hanged at Regina, See also:meeting his See also:fate with courage . His See also:death was the See also:signal for a fierce outburst of racialism in See also:Quebec and Ontario, which nearly overthrew the Conservative government of the Dominion . See J . S . Willison, See also:Sir See also:Wilfrid See also:Laurier, vol. i . See also:George See also:Bryce, See also:History of the Hudson's Bay Company (1900); and the Canadian daily See also:press for 1885 .

End of Article: LOUIS RIEL (1844-1885)
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