COLA DI See also:

• COLA DI RIENZI (c. 1313–1354)

RIENZI (c. 1313–1354)  , See also:

• TRIBUNE (med. Lat. tribune, from classical Lat. tribunal)

tribune of the See also:

• ROMAN

Roman ridicule . His See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government was costly, and to meet its many See also:

• PEOPLE

people, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born in See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome, being the son of a See also:

• TAVERN

tavern-keeper expenses he was obliged to See also:

• LAY

lay heavy taxes upon the people. named Lorenzo Gabrini . His See also:

• FATHER

father's See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian name was He offended the See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

pope by his arrogance and See also:

• PRIDE, THOMAS (d. 1658)

pride, and both pope shortened to Rienzo, and his own, See also:

• NICHOLAS
• NICHOLAS (1841– )
• NICHOLAS (or NICLAES), HENRY (or HENDRIK) (c. 1501-C. 158o)
• NICHOLAS, SIR EDWARD (1593-1669)
• NICHOLAS, ST

Nicholas, to Cola; hence the and See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor by his proposal to set up a new Roman See also:

• EMPIRE

empire, Cola di See also:

• RIENZI, COLA DI (c. 1313–1354)

Rienzi, or Rienzo, by which he is generally known . His the See also:

• SOVEREIGNTY

sovereignty of which would See also:

• REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest directly upon the will of See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early years were passed at Anagini . Having devoted much the people . In See also:

• OCTOBER

October See also:

• CLEMENT (Lat. Clemens, i.e. merciful; Gr. K)4gs)
• CLEMENT, FRANCOIS (1714-1793)
• CLEMENT, JACQUES (1567-1589)

Clement gave See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power to a See also:

• LEGATE (Lat. legatus, past part. of legare, to send as deputy)
• LEGATE, BARTHOLOMEW (c. 1575-1612)

legate to See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time to the study of the Latin writers, historians, orators and depose him and bring him to trial, and the end was obviously poets, and filled his mind with stories of the glories and the in sight . Taking See also:

• HEART
• HEART, LUNG

heart, the exiled barons gathered together power of See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient Rome, he turned his thoughts to the task of some troops, and See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war began in the neighbourhood of Rome. restoring his native See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city to its pristine greatness, his zeal for Rienzi obtained aid from See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis of See also:

• HUNGARY
• HUNGARY (Hungarian Magyarorszdg)

Hungary and others, and this See also:

• WORK

work being quickened by the See also:

• DESIRE

desire to avenge his See also:

• BROTHER

brother, on the loth of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November his forces defeated the nobles in a who had been killed by a See also:

• NOBLE, SIR ANDREW (1832- )

noble, a member of the ruling class. See also:

• BATTLE

battle just outside the See also:

• GATES, HORATIO (1728-1806)

gates of Rome, a battle in which the He became a See also:

• NOTARY, or NOTARY PUBLIC

notary and a See also:

• PERSON, OFFENCES AGAINST THE

person of some importance in the tribune himself took no See also:

• PART

part, but in which his most distinguished city, and was sent in 1343 on a public errant to Pope Clement foe, See also:

• STEPHEN
• STEPHEN (1097?-1154)
• STEPHEN (ISTVAN) BATHORY (1533-1586)
• STEPHEN, SIR JAMES (1789-1859)
• STEPHEN, SIR JAMES FITZJAMES, BART
• STEPHEN, SIR LESLIE (1832-1904)

Stephen See also:

• COLONNA
• COLONNA, GIOVANNI PAOLO (circa 1637—1695)
• COLONNA, VITTORIA (1490-1547)

Colonna, was killed . But this victory did not VI. at See also:

• AVIGNON

Avignon . He discharged his duties with ability and See also:

• SAVE, or SAVA (Ger. Sau; Hungarian Szdva; Lat. Savus)

save him . He passed his time in feasts and pageants, while success, and although the boldness with which he denounced in a See also:

• BULL
• BULL, GEORGE (1634–1710)
• BULL, JOHN (c. 1562–1628)
• BULL, OLE BORNEMANN (18ro-188o)

bull the pope denounced him as a criminal, a See also:

• PAGAN
• PAGAN (Lat. paganus, of or belonging to a pagus, a canton, county district, village, commune)

pagan and the aristocratic rulers of Rome See also:

• DREW
• DREW, SAMUEL (1765-1833)

drew down upon him the enmity a heretic, until, terrified by a slight disturbance on the 15th of of powerful men, he won the favour and esteem of the pope, who See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December, he abdicated and fled from Rome . He sought See also:

• REFUGE

refuge gave him an See also:

• OFFICIAL (Late Lat. QJicialis, for class. Lat. apparitor, from officium, office, duty)

official position at his See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court . Returning to Rome in See also:

• NAPLES
• NAPLES (Ital. Napoli, and Lat. Neapolis)
• NAPLES, KINGDOM OF

Naples, but soon he See also:

• LEFT

left that city and spent over two years about See also:

• APRIL

April 1344 he worked for three years at the See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• OBJECT

object in an See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian See also:

• MOUNTAIN (0. Fr. montaigne; popular Lat. montanea, an adjectival form from the classical mons, montis, whence Eng. " mount," a form usually used along with the name of an individual mountain, e.g. Mt Everest)
• MOUNTAIN, THE (La Montagne)

mountain monastery .

of his See also:

• LIFE

life, the restoration of the city to its former position of Emerging from his solitude Rienzi journeyed to See also:

• PRAGUE (Ger. Prag; Bohemian Praha)

Prague, power . He gathered together a See also:

• BAND

band of supporters, plans which he reached in See also:

• JULY

July 1350, and threw himself upon the were See also:

• DRAWN

drawn up, and at length all was ready for the rising . On See also:

• PROTECTION

protection of the emperor See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles IV . Denouncing the temporal the 19th of May 1347 heralds invited the people to a See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

parliament power of .the pope he implored the emperor to deliver See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy, on the Capitol, and on the loth, the See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day being Whit-See also:

• SUNDAY

Sunday, and especially Rome,. from their oppressors; but, heedless of the See also:

• MEETING (from " to meet," to come together, assemble, 0. Eng. metals ; cf. Du. moeten, Swed. mota, Goth. gamotjan, &c., derivatives of the Teut. word for a meeting, seen in O. Eng. Wit, moot, an assembly of the people; cf. witanagemot)

meeting took See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place . Dressed in full See also:

• ARMOUR, PHILIP DANFORTH (1832-1901)

armour and attended his invitations, Charles kept him in See also:

• PRISON (derived through the Fr. from the Lat. prehensio, seizure)

prison for more than a See also:

• YEAR

year by the papal See also:

• VICAR (Lat. vicarius, substitute)

vicar, Cola headed a procession to the Capitol; in the fortress of See also:

• RAUDNITZ (Czech Roudnice nad Labem)

Raudnitz, and then handed him over to here he addressed the assembled See also:

• CROWD, CROUTH, CROWTH

crowd, speaking " with Clement, who had been clamouring for his surrender . At fascinating eloquence of the See also:

• SERVITUDE (Lat. servitus, from service, to serve)

servitude and redemption of Avignon, where he appeared in See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1352, Rienzi was tried Rome." A new See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of See also:

• LAWS

laws was published and accepted by three cardinals, and was sentenced to See also:

• DEATH

death, but this See also:

• JUDGMENT

judgment with acclaim, and unlimited authority was given to the author was not carried out, and he remained in prison in spite of of the revolution . Without striking a See also:

• BLOW, JOHN (1648-1708)

blow the nobles left appeals from See also:

• PETRARCH (1304-1374)

Petrarch for his See also:

• RELEASE (O.Fr. reles, variant of relais, from relaisser, to release, let go, Lat. relaxare)

release . Freedom, however, was the city or went into hiding, and a few days later Rienzi took at See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand . In December 1352 Clement died, and his successor, the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of tribune (Nicholaus, See also:

• SEVERUS
• SEVERUS, SULPICIUS (c. 363–c. 425)

severus et clemens, libertatis, See also:

• INNOCENT (INNOCENTIUS)
• INNOCENT (POPES)

Innocent VI., anxious to strike a blow at the baronial rulers pacis justiciaeque tribunus, et sacre Romane Reipublice liberator). of Rome, and seeing in the former tribune an excellent See also:

• TOOL (0. Eng. tdl, generally referred to a root seen in the Goth. taujan, to make, or in the English word " taw," to work or dress leather)

tool His authority quickly and quietly accepted by all classes, for this purpose, pardoned and released his prisoner . Giving him the new ruler governed the city with a stern See also:

• JUSTICE (Lat. justitia)

justice which was the title of senator, he sent him to Italy with the legate, See also:

• CARDINAL (Lat. cardinalis)

Cardinal in marked contrast to the See also:

• RECENT

recent reign of See also:

• LICENCE (through the French from Lat. licentia, licere, to be lawful)

licence and disorder . See also:

• ALBORNOZ, GIL ALVAREZ DE

Albornoz, and having collected a few See also:

• MERCENARY (Lat. mercenarius, from merces, reward, gain)

mercenary troops on the In great See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state the tribune moved through the streets of Rome, way, Rienzi entered Rome in August 1354 . He was received being received at St See also:

• PETER
• PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
• PETER (PEDRO)
• PETER, EPISTLES OF
• PETER, ST

Peter's with the hymn Veni Creator spirilus, with great rejoicings and quickly regained his former position while in a See also:

• LETTER (through Fr. lettre from Lat. littera or litera, letter of the alphabet; the origin of the Latin word is obscure; it has probably no connexion with the root of linere, to smear, i.e. with wax, for an inscription with a stilus)

letter the poet Petrarch urged him to continue his of power .

But this latter See also:

• TERM

term of See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office was destined to be great and noble work, and congratulated him on his past even shorter than his former one had been . Having vainly achievements, calling him the new See also:

• CAMILLUS
• CAMILLUS, MARCUS FURIUS

Camillus, See also:

• BRUTUS (originally an adjective meaning " heavy," "stupid," kindred with Gr. aap(s, cf. Eng. " brute," " brutal")

Brutus and besieged the fortress of See also:

• PALESTRINA, GIOVANNI PIERLUIGI DA (1526-1594)

Palestrina, he returned to Rome, where See also:

• ROMULUS

Romulus . In July in a sonorous See also:

• DECREE (from the past participle, decretus, of Lat. decernere)

decree he proclaimed the he treacherously seized the soldier of See also:

• FORTUNE, ROBERT (1813-188o)

fortune, Fra See also:

• MONREALE (contraction of monte-reale, so called from a palace built here by Roger I.)

Monreale, sovereignty of the Roman people over the empire, but before who was put to death, and where, by other cruel and arbitrary this he had set to work upon his task of restoring the authority deeds, he soon lost the favour of the people . Their passions of Rome over the cities and provinces of Italy, of making the were quickly aroused and a tumult See also:

• BROKE, or BROOKE, ARTHUR (d. 1563)
• BROKE, SIR PHILIP BOWES VERE, BART

broke out on the 8th of city again caput mundi . He wrote letters to the cities of Italy, October . Rienzi attempted to address them, but the See also:

• BUILDING

building asking them to send representatives to an See also:

• ASSEMBLY, UNLAWFUL

assembly which in which he stood was fired, and while trying to See also:

• ESCAPE (in mid. Eng. eschape or escape, from the O. Fr. eschapper, modern echapper, and escaper, low Lat. escapium, from ex, out of, and cappa, cape, cloak; cf. for the sense development the Gr. iichueoOat, literally to put off one's clothes, hence to sli

escape in would meet on the 1st of August, when the formation of a great disguise he was murdered by the See also:

• MOB

mob . Rienzi was the See also:

• HERO (Gr. open)
• HERO, THE YOUNGER

hero federation under the headship of Rome would be considered. of one of the finest of Petrarch's odes, Spirito gentil, and also On the appointed day a number of representatives appeared, of some beautiful verses by See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord See also:

• BYRON, GEORGE GORDON BYRON, 6TH BARON (1788-1824)
• BYRON, HENRY JAMES (1834-1884)
• BYRON, HON
• BYRON, JOHN BYRON

Byron . He was a See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man of and after some elaborate and fantastic ceremonials Rienzi, as vivid, but disordered, See also:

• IMAGINATION

imagination, without possessing any See also:

• DICTATOR (from the Lat. dictare, frequentative of dicere, to speak)

dictator, issued an See also:

• EDICT (Lat. edictum, from e, out, and dicere, to say, speak)

edict citing the emperor Louis the Bavarian conception of. statesmanship . In 1887 a statue of the tribune and his See also:

• RIVAL

rival Charles, afterwards the emperor Charles IV., and was erected at the See also:

• FOOT

foot of the Capitoline See also:

• HILL
• HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
• HILL, A
• HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
• HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
• HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
• HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
• HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
• HILL, JAMES J
• HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
• HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
• HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
• HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
• HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)

Hill in Rome . also the imperial See also:

• ELECTORS (Ger. Kurfursten, from Kilren, O.H.G. kiosan, choose, elect, and Furst, prince)

electors and all others concerned in the dispute, Rienzi's Inc fand See also:

• FATE

fate have formed the subject of a famous novel to appear before him in See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order that he might pronounce judgment by Bulwer See also:

• LYTTON, EDWARD GEORGE EARLE LYTTON, BULWERLYTTON, 1ST BARON (1803-1873)
• LYTTON, EDWARD ROBERT

Lytton, of an See also:

• OPERA (Italian for " work ")

opera by See also:

• WAGNER, ADOLF (1835- )
• WAGNER, RUDOLPH (1805-1864)
• WAGNER, WILHELM RICHARD (1813-1883)

Wagner and of a tragedy by in the See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case . On the following day the festival of the unity of See also:

• JULIUS

Julius See also:

• MOSEN, JULIUS (1803—1867)

Mosen . His letters, edited by A .

Gabrielli, are published in Italy was celebrated, but neither this nor the previous meet- vol. vi. of the Fonti per la storia d'Italia (Rome, 189o) . See also See also:

• ING

ing had any See also:

• PRACTICAL

practical result . Rienzi's power, however, was Papencordt, Cola di Rienzo and See also:

• SEINE
• SEINE (Lat. Sequana)
• SEINE, or SEAN (O. Fr. seigne, mod. seine, Lat. sagena, Gr. vaytivrl, a draw-net)

seine Zeit (See also:

• HAMBURG

Hamburg, 1841) ; Auriac, recognized in Naples, whence both and her Etude historique sur N . Rienzi (See also:

• AMIENS

Amiens, 1885) ; E . Rodocanachi, rQueen See also:

• JOANNA (1479-1555)

Joanna aCola di Rienzi (See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, 1888) ; See also:

• KUHN, FRANZ FELIX ADALBERT (1812–1881)

Kuhn, See also:

• DIE
• DIE (Fr. de, from Lat. datum, given)

Die Entwickelung der Biindnis- See also:

• BITTER, KARL THEODORE FRANCIS (1867– )

bitter foe, See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

King Louis of Hungary, appealed to him for See also:

• PRO

pro- See also:

• PLANE

plane Cola di Rienzos See also:

• IM(K2+a2+h2—2 ah cos 0)

im Jahre 1347 (See also:

• BERLIN
• BERLIN, CONGRESS AND TREATY OF
• BERLIN, ISAIAH (1725–1799)

Berlin, 1905) ; A. von See also:

• REUMONT, ALFRED VON (1808-1887)

Reumont, tection and aid, and on the 15th of August he was crowned Geschichte der Stadt Rom (1867–7o) ; and F . See also:

• GREGOROVIUS, FERDINAND (1821-1891)

Gregorovius, Geschichte tribune with great pomp, wreaths of See also:

• FLOWERS, ARTIFICIAL

flowers being placed on der Stadt Rom im Mittelalter, vol. vi . (Eng. trans., by* A. his See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head . Gregorovius says this ceremony " was the fantastic See also:

• HAMILTON
• HAMILTON (GRAND or ASHUANIPI)
• HAMILTON, ALEXANDER (1757-1804)
• HAMILTON, ANTHONY, or ANTOINE (1646-1720)
• HAMILTON, ELIZABETH (1758–1816)
• HAMILTON, EMMA, LADY (c. 1765-1815)
• HAMILTON, JAMES (1769-1831)
• HAMILTON, JAMES HAMILTON, 1ST DUKE OF (1606-1649)
• HAMILTON, JOHN (c. 1511–1571)
• HAMILTON, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
• HAMILTON, PATRICK (1504-1528)
• HAMILTON, ROBERT (1743-1829)
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM (1730-1803)
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM ROWAN (1805-1865)
• HAMILTON, THOMAS (1789-1842)
• HAMILTON, WILLIAM (1704-1754)
• HAMILTON, WILLIAM GERARD (1729-1796)

Hamilton, 1898) . (A . W . H . ) See also:

• CARICATURE (Ital. caricatura, i.e. "ritratto ridicolo," from caricare, to load, to charge; Fr. charge)

caricature in which ended the imperium of Charles the Great .

RIESA, a See also:

• TOWN

town of See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany, in the See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom of See also:

• SAXONY
• SAXONY (Ger. Provinz Sachsen)

Saxony, A See also:

• WORLD

world where See also:

• POLITICAL

political See also:

• ACTION

action was represented in such See also:

• GUISE
• GUISE, HOUSE OF

guise pleasantly situated on the left See also:

• BANK

bank of the See also:

• ELBE (the Albis of the Romans and the Labe of the Czechs)

Elbe, 30 M . N.W. of was ripe for overthrow, or could only be saved by a great See also:

• DRESDEN

Dresden, on the See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main See also:

• LINE

line of railway to See also:

• LEIPZIG

Leipzig, and at the See also:

• MENTAL

mental See also:

• REFORMATION
• REFORMATION, THE

reformation." He then seized, but soon released, junction of lines to See also:

• CHEMNITZ
• CHEMNITZ (or KEMNITZ), MARTIN (1522-1586)

Chemnitz, Elsterwerda and See also:

• NOSSEN

Nossen . Pop . Stephen Colonna and some other barons who had spoken (1905) 14,073 . The See also:

• RIVER

river is here crossed by a See also:

• FINE

fine See also:

• BRIDGE

bridge, a See also:

• SANDSTONE

sandstone and See also:

• IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

iron- structure, carrying both railway and road, and replacing the one carried away by floods in 1875 . The town contains two Evangelical churches, a See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

castle, formerly a See also:

• CONVENT (Lat. conventus, from convenire, to come together)

convent and now used as a town See also:

• HALL
• HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
• HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
• HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
• HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
• HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
• HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
• HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
• HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
• HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
• HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
• HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
• HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
• HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
• HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
• HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
• HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
• HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)

hall, and several See also:

• SCHOOLS

schools . There is a See also:

• HARBOUR (from M.E. hereberge, here, an army; cf. Ger. Heer and -beorg, protection or shelter. Other early forms in English were herberwe and haiborow, as seen in various place names, such as Market Harborough.. The French auberge, an inn, derived through

harbour with quays and a dockyard, also See also:

• ROLLING

rolling-See also:

• MILLS, JOHN (d. 1736)
• MILLS, ROGER QUARLES (1832– )

mills and saw-mills, ironworks and sandstone quarries . Other See also:

• INDUSTRIES

industries are the manufacture of See also:

• FURNITURE (from " furnish," Fr. fournir)

furniture, See also:

• BEER

beer, See also:

• SOAP

soap, carriages and bricks . The most important See also:

• SHIPPING

shipping station on the Elbe in Saxony, Riesa is the See also:

• LADING (from " to lade," O. Eng. hladan, to put cargo on board; cf. " load "), BILL OF

lading-place for goods to and from See also:

• BAVARIA (Ger. Bayern)

Bavaria, and a mart for See also:

• HERRINGS, BATTLE OF THE

herrings, See also:

• PETROLEUM (Lat. Petra, rock, and oleuin, oil)

petroleum, See also:

• WOOD, ANTHONY A2 (1632-1695)
• WOOD, JOHN GEORGE (1827—1889)
• WOOD, MRS HENRY [ELLEN] (1814—1887)
• WOOD, SEARLES VALENTINE (1798—188o)

wood, See also:

• COAL

coal and See also:

• GRAIN (derived through the French from Lat. granum, seed, from an Aryan root meaning " to wear down," which also appears in the common Teutonic word " corn ")

grain . A See also:

• CONSTANT, BENJAMIN (1845-1902)

constant passenger steamboat communication is maintained with See also:

• MEISSEN

Meissen and Dresden; and, owing to the See also:

• ARTILLERY (the O. Fr. artiller, to equip with engines of war, probably comes from Late Lat. articulum, dim. of ars, art, cf. " engine " from ingenium, or of artus, joint)

artillery practice ranges at Zeithain, on the right bank of the Elbe, Riesa has become of recent years one of the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief depots of the Saxon See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army . Riesa •received municipal rights in 1632, and after a See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period of decay was again raised to the See also:

• RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank of a town in 1859 .