See also:

• JEAN

JEAN See also:

• HENRI

HENRI See also:

• JEAN HENRI RIESENER (1734-1806)

RIESENER (1734-1806)  , See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French See also:

• CABINET

cabinet-maker of the See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis XVI. See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• GLADBACH

Gladbach near See also:

• COLOGNE (Ger. Koln, or officially, since 1900, Coln)

Cologne . At an See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age he went to See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, where he entered the workshop in the See also:

• ARSENAL

Arsenal of See also:

• JEAN

Jean See also:

• FRANCOIS (1558-1614)

Francois See also:

• OEBEN, JEAN FRANCOIS

Oeben (q.v.) . When that See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master died, See also:

• RIESENER, JEAN HENRI (1734-1806)

Riesener became foreman of the See also:

• WORKS

works; two years later he married Mme . Oeben, and in 1768 was admitted " maitremenuisier-ebeniste." His wife died in 1776, and in 1782 he espoused, as his second wife, See also:

• ANNE (1665-1714)
• ANNE (1693-1740)

Anne Grezel, daughter of a See also:

• BOURGEOIS
• BOURGEOIS, LEON VICTOR AUGUSTE (1851– )

bourgeois of Paris . The See also:

• UNION
• UNION (known locally as Union Hill and officially as Town of Union)

union was unhappy, and when, under the first See also:

• REPUBLIC (Lat. respublica, a commonweal or common-wealth)

Republic, See also:

• DIVORCE

divorce was legalized, the See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage was dissolved . When Riesener contracted his first marriage he possessed little or nothing; his second See also:

• CONTRACT
• CONTRACT (Lat. contract us, from contrahere, to draw together, to bind)

contract of marriage recited that in See also:

• CASH

cash and in the See also:

• MONEY

money due to him by Louis XVI. he was See also:

• WORTH
• WORTH, CHARLES FREDERICK (1825-1895)

worth more than £20,000, without counting the finished See also:

• WORK

work in See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand, See also:

• BRONZE

bronze See also:

• MODELS

models, jewels and See also:

• PERSONAL

personal effects and invested funds . Thus in fifteen years hehadaccumulated a See also:

• FORTUNE, ROBERT (1813-188o)

fortune amounting in all to about £40,000 . By that See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time there had been conferred upon him the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title, formerly enjoyed by Oeben, of " Bbeniste du Roi." He died on the 6th of See also:

• JANUARY

January 18o6, in the Enclos See also:

• DES

des See also:

• JACOBINS, THE

Jacobins, leaving an only son, See also:

• HENRI

Henri Francois (1767-1828), a distinguished portrait-painter of the First See also:

• EMPIRE

Empire . Riesener was unquestionably the greatest of the Louis Seize cabinet-makers . His name is stamped upon the See also:

• BUREAU (a Fr. word from burel or bureau, a coarse cloth used for coverings)

Bureau du Roi in the Louvre, and although the See also:

• ORIGINAL

original conception of that master-work was due to Oeben, it cannot be doubted that its consummate finish and perfect achievement must in great measure be attributed to the See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man who completed it . Occasionally there may, perhaps, be some lack of spontaneity in his forms, but his work is generally at once bold and graceful . His See also:

• MARQUETRY (Fr. marqueterie, from marqueter, to inlay, literally to mark, marquee)

marquetry presents an extraordinary finish; his chiselled bronzes are of the first excellence .

He was especially distinguished for his cabinets, in which he employed many See also:

• EUROPEAN

European as well as See also:

• EXOTIC (Gr. EWTIK6s, foreign, from few, outside)

exotic See also:

• WOODS, LEONARD (1774-1854)
• WOODS, SIR ALBERT (1816-1904)

woods . Wreaths and bunches of See also:

• FLOWERS, ARTIFICIAL

flowers See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form the centres of the panels; on the sides are often See also:

• DIAPER (derived through the Fr. from the Gr. &&, through, and a rirpos, white; the derivation from the town of Ypres, " d'Ypres," in Belgium is unhistorical, as diapers were known for centuries before its existence)

diaper patterns in quiet See also:

• COLOURS, MILITARY

colours . Yet despite his distinction as a maker of cabinets his high-See also:

• WATER

water See also:

• MARK
• MARK, CARL (1858– )
• MARK, GOSPEL OF ST
• MARK, ST

mark was reached in the Bureau du Roi, finished in 1769 and consequently belonging rather to the Louis Quinze than the Louis Seize period; and a not altogether dissimilar See also:

• CYLINDER (Gr. KvAwSpos, from KvXivaety, to roll)

cylinder bureau believed to have been made for Stanislas Leszczynski, See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king of See also:

• POLAND (Polish Polska, Ger. Polen), (see POLAND, RUSSIAN, below)
• POLAND, RUSSIAN

Poland, now in the See also:

• WALLACE, ALFRED RUSSEL (1823— )
• WALLACE, LEWIS [LEW] (1827—1905)
• WALLACE, SIR RICHARD
• WALLACE, SIR WILLIAM (c. 1270-1305)
• WALLACE, WILLIAM (1768-1843)
• WALLACE, WILLIAM (1844-1897)
• WALLACE, WILLIAM VINCENT (1814-1865)

Wallace Collection . Stanislas died in 1766, but the See also:

• DESK (from Lat. discus, quoit, in med. sense of " table," cf. " dish " and Ger. Tisch, table, from same source)

desk was not completed until See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 20, 1769, as appears by the inscription accompanying the maker's See also:

• SIGNATURE (through Fr. from Lat. signature, signare, to sign, signum, mark, token, sign)

signature . Upon its completion it passed into the See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession of the French See also:

• CROWN

crown and was included in a See also:

• SALE
• SALE, GEORGE (c. 1697-1736)
• SALE, SIR ROBERT HENRY (1782—1845)

sale of the royal See also:

• FURNITURE (from " furnish," Fr. fournir)

furniture which took See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place in See also:

• HOLLAND
• HOLLAND, CHARLES (1733–1769)
• HOLLAND, COUNTY AND PROVINCE OF
• HOLLAND, HENRY FOX, 1ST BARON (1705–1774)
• HOLLAND, HENRY RICH, 1ST EARL OF (1S9o-,649)
• HOLLAND, HENRY RICHARD VASSALL FOX, 3RD
• HOLLAND, JOSIAH GILBERT (1819-1881)
• HOLLAND, PHILEMON (1552-1637)
• HOLLAND, RICHARD, or RICHARD DE HOLANDE (fl. 1450)
• HOLLAND, SIR HENRY, BART

Holland . It was See also:

• PURCHASED

purchased by See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William See also:

• HAMILTON
• HAMILTON (GRAND or ASHUANIPI)
• HAMILTON, ALEXANDER (1757-1804)
• HAMILTON, ANTHONY, or ANTOINE (1646-1720)
• HAMILTON, ELIZABETH (1758–1816)
• HAMILTON, EMMA, LADY (c. 1765-1815)
• HAMILTON, JAMES (1769-1831)
• HAMILTON, JAMES HAMILTON, 1ST DUKE OF (1606-1649)
• HAMILTON, JOHN (c. 1511–1571)
• HAMILTON, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
• HAMILTON, PATRICK (1504-1528)
• HAMILTON, ROBERT (1743-1829)
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM (1730-1803)
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM ROWAN (1805-1865)
• HAMILTON, THOMAS (1789-1842)
• HAMILTON, WILLIAM (1704-1754)
• HAMILTON, WILLIAM GERARD (1729-1796)

Hamilton, then See also:

• BRITISH

British See also:

• MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

Minister at the See also:

• HAGUE, THE (in Dutch, 's Gravenhage, or, abbreviated, den Haag; in Fr. La Haye; and in Late Lat. Haga Comitis)

Hague, and appears to have passed out of his hands when he See also:

• LEFT

left See also:

• NAPLES
• NAPLES (Ital. Napoli, and Lat. Neapolis)
• NAPLES, KINGDOM OF

Naples, where it was purchased by Sir See also:

• RICHARD
• RICHARD (d. 1184)
• RICHARD, FRANCOIS MARIE BENJAMIN (18,9-1908)
• RICHARD, HENRY (1812-1888)
• RICHARD, ST

Richard Wallace . At See also:

• BUCKINGHAM
• BUCKINGHAM, EARLS, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
• BUCKINGHAM, FIRST DUKE
• BUCKINGHAM, GEORGE VILLIERS, 1ST DUKE 0E1
• BUCKINGHAM, GEORGE VILLIERS, 2ND DUKE 0E1 (1628-1687)
• BUCKINGHAM, HENRY STAFFORD, 2ND DUKE OF3 (1454-1483)
• BUCKINGHAM, JAMES SILK (1786-1855)

Buckingham See also:

• PALACE (Lat. Palatium, the name given by Augustus to his residence on the Palatine Hill)

Palace there is a third bureau on the same lines . These pieces are triumphs of marquetry . They are inlaid with trophies of musical See also:

• INSTRUMENTS

instruments, doves, bouquets and garlands of flowers; the bronze vases and " galleries" are exquisite—they may possibly be the work of Gouthiere, but are more probably from the hands of Duplessis . For several years this great artist appears to have used the models of his master Oeben, but there was a See also:

• GRADUAL (Med. Lat. gradualis, of or belonging to steps or degrees; gradus, step)

gradual transition to a See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style more individual, moredelicately conceived, with finer but hardly less vigorous lines . By the time he had been working alone for ten years he had completely embraced the Louis Seize manner—he had, perhaps, some responsibility for it . One of the most distinguished of his achievements for the See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court was the famous See also:

• FLAT (a modification of O. Eng. flet, an obsolete word of Teutonic origin, meaning the ground beneath the feet)

flat See also:

• WRITING
• WRITING (the verbal noun of " to write," O. Eng. writan, to inscribe)

writing-table now at the See also:

• PETIT, SIR DINSHAW MANECKJI, BART

Petit Trianon, for which he received only £200 .

The extent of these royal orders may be gauged from the fact that between 1775 and 1785 Riesener received 500,000 livres from the Garde Meubles, notwithstanding that during the whole of this period Gondouin the architect was the See also:

• OFFICIAL (Late Lat. QJicialis, for class. Lat. apparitor, from officium, office, duty)

official designer of furniture for the royal palaces . Like so many other artists he was condemned in the end to See also:

• SACRIFICE (from Lat. sacrificium; sacer, holy, and facere, to make)

sacrifice to the false: See also:

• TASTE (from Lat. taxare, to touch sharply; tangere, to touch)

taste of his See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day, and - a certain number of his creations, otherwise delightful, were vitiated by being mounted with panels of Sevres, See also:

• WEDGWOOD, JOSIAH (1730-1795)

Wedgwood and other See also:

• CHINA

china . The beautiful little secretaire in the See also:

• JONES
• JONES, ALFRED GILPIN (1824-1906)
• JONES, EBENEZER (182o-186o)
• JONES, ERNEST CHARLES (1819-1869)
• JONES, HENRY (1831-1899)
• JONES, HENRY ARTHUR (1851- )
• JONES, INIGO (1573-1651)
• JONES, JOHN (c. 1800-1882)
• JONES, MICHAEL (d. 1649)
• JONES, OWEN (1741-1814)
• JONES, OWEN (1809-1874)
• JONES, RICHARD (179o-1855)
• JONES, SIR ALFRED LEWIS (1845-1909)
• JONES, SIR WILLIAM (1746-1794)
• JONES, THOMAS RUPERT (1819– )
• JONES, WILLIAM (1726-1800)

Jones collection hi the See also:

• VICTORIA
• VICTORIA (or VITTORIA), TOMMASSO LUDOVICO DA (C. I540-C. 1613)
• VICTORIA [ALEXANDRINA VICTORIA]

Victoria and See also:

• ALBERT
• ALBERT (1490'1545)
• ALBERT (149o-1568)
• ALBERT (1522–1557)
• ALBERT (FRANCIS CHARLES AUGUSTUS ALBERT EMMANUEL) (1819—1861)
• ALBERT (FRIEDRICH RUDOLF ALBRECHT)
• ALBERT, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS
• ALBERT, MADAME (c. 2805—2846)

Albert Museum suffers seriously by this See also:

• LAPSE (Lat. lapses, a slip or departure)

lapse .