GIOVANNI BATTISTA See also:

• GIOVANNI BATTISTA RINUCCINI (1592-1653)

RINUCCINI (1592-1653)  , See also:

• ARCHBISHOP (Lat. archiepiscopus, from Gr. apxceatorcoros)

archbishop of See also:

• FERMO (anc. 1%irmum Picenum)

Fermo, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born in See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome on the 15th of See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 1592, being the son of a senator . He studied at several See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian See also:

• UNIVERSITIES

universities, became See also:

• CHAMBERLAIN (0. Fr. chamberlain, chamberlenc, Mod. Fr. chambellan, from O. H. Ger. Chamarling, Chamarlinc, whence also the Med. Lat. cambellanus, camerlingus, camerlengus; Ital. camerlingo; Span. camerlengo, compounded of 0. H. Ger. Chamara, Kamara [Lat.
• CHAMBERLAIN, JOSEPH (1836— )
• CHAMBERLAIN, JOSHUA LAWRENCE (1828– )
• CHAMBERLAIN, SIR NEVILLE BOWLES (1820-1902)

chamberlain to See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

Pope See also:

• GREGORY
• GREGORY (Gregorius)
• GREGORY (Grigorii) GRIGORIEVICH ORLOV, COUNT (1734-1783)
• GREGORY, EDWARD JOHN (1850-19o9)
• GREGORY, OLINTHUS GILBERT (1774—1841)
• GREGORY, ST (c. 213-C. 270)
• GREGORY, ST, OF NAZIANZUS (329–389)
• GREGORY, ST, OF NYSSA (c.331—c. 396)
• GREGORY, ST, OF TOURS (538-594)

Gregory XV., and in 1625 was made archbishop of Fermo . His participation in Irish politics, which is his See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title to fame, began during the later stages of the See also:

• CIVIL

Civil See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War when See also:

• IRELAND
• IRELAND, CHURCH
• IRELAND, CHURCH OF
• IRELAND, JOHN (1761-1842)
• IRELAND, JOHN (1838- )
• IRELAND, WILLIAM HENRY (1777-1835)

Ireland was the See also:

• SCENE (Fr. scene, Lat. scaena, Gr. oflvil, a tent or booth, a stage or scene)

scene of universal disorder . In 1645 Pope See also:

• INNOCENT (INNOCENTIUS)
• INNOCENT (POPES)

Innocent X. despatched him to that See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country as papal See also:

• NUNCIO

nuncio; he landed at Kenmare with arms and See also:

• MONEY

money in See also:

• OCTOBER

October 1645, and took up his See also:

• RESIDENCE (Latin residere, to remain behind, to dwell, reside)

residence at See also:

• KILKENNY
• KILKENNY, STATUTE OF

Kilkenny . Before this See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time the See also:

• ROMAN

Roman Catholics had banded themselves together for See also:

• DEFENCE
• DEFENCE (Lat. defendere, to defend)

defence . Called the Confederate Catholics, they had set up a provisional See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government, and whenthe nuncio reached Kilkenny they were engaged in negotiating for See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace with the See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

lord See also:

• LIEUTENANT

lieutenant, the See also:

• MARQUESS (1760-1842)
• MARQUESS, or MARQUIS (Fr. marquis, Ital. marchese; from med. Lat. marchio, marchisus, i.e. comes marchiae, " count of the March ")

marquess, afterwards See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke, of See also:

• ORMONDE, EARL AND MARQUESS OF
• ORMONDE, JAMES BUTLER, 1ST DUKE
• ORMONDE, JAMES BUTLER, 2ND DUKE OF (1665-1745)

Ormonde . See also:

• RINUCCINI, GIOVANNI BATTISTA (1592-1653)

Rinuccini took See also:

• PART

part in the proceedings, but as his demands were ignored he refused to recognize the peace which was concluded in See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1646, and gaining' the support of the Irish See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general, See also:

• OWEN, JOHN (1616-1683)
• OWEN, JOHN [OVENUS Or AUDOENUS] (c. 1560-1622)
• OWEN, ROBERT (1771-1858)
• OWEN, SIR HUGH (1804-1881)
• OWEN, SIR RICHARD (1804–1892)

Owen See also:

• ROE (or Row), SIR THOMAS (c. 1581—1644)
• ROE, EDWARD PAYSON (1838-1888)

Roe O'See also:

• NEILL, JAMES GEORGE SMITH (1810-1857)

Neill, he used all his See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence, both ecclesiastical and See also:

• POLITICAL

political, to prevent its See also:

• ACCEPTANCE (Lat. acceptare, frequentative form of accipere, to receive)

acceptance by others . To a large extent he succeeded.: See also:

• MEETING (from " to meet," to come together, assemble, 0. Eng. metals ; cf. Du. moeten, Swed. mota, Goth. gamotjan, &c., derivatives of the Teut. word for a meeting, seen in O. Eng. Wit, moot, an assembly of the people; cf. witanagemot)

Meeting at See also:

• WATERFORD

Waterford, the See also:

• CLERGY (M.E. clergie, O. Fr. clergie, from Low Lat. form clericia [Skean, by assimilation with O. Fr. clergie, Fr. clerge,from Low Lat. clericatus)
• CLERGY, BENEFIT OF

clergy condemned the treaty and several towns took up the same attitude . The nuncio's most pliant helper was now See also:

• EDWARD

Edward See also:

• SOMERSET, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• SOMERSET, EDMUND BEAUFORT, DUKE OF (c. 1404–1455)
• SOMERSET, EDWARD SEYMOUR, DUKE OF (c. 1506–1552)
• SOMERSET, LORD ROBERT EDWARD HENRY (1776-1842)
• SOMERSET, ROBERT CARR (or KER), EARL OF (e. 1590-1645)

Somerset, See also:

• EARL

earl of Glamorgan, after-wards marquess of See also:

• WORCESTER
• WORCESTER, EARLS AND MARQUESSES OF
• WORCESTER, JOHN TIPTOFT, EARL OF (1427—1470)
• WORCESTER, WILLIAM (c. 1415-c. 1482)

Worcester, who had been sent to Ireland by See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles I., and who had entered into communication with Rinuccini when the latter first arrived in that country . Glamorgan See also:

• BOUND, or BOUNDARY (from O. Fr. bonde, Med. Lat. bodena or butina, a frontier line)

bound himself to carry out all the wishes of the nuncio, who intended that he should supplant Ormonde . In September 1646 Rinuccini took over the conduct of affairs.' He imprisoned his opponents on the See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council and tried to arrange for an attack on See also:

• DUBLIN

Dublin . But there was no See also:

• HARMONY (Gr. dpµovia, a concord of musical sounds, dpA'ew to join; &plan midi (sc. TeXvil)

harmony among his subordinates, his military plans failed ' and soon all parties were tacitly ignoring him .

Leaving Kilkenny he stayed for some time in See also:

• GALWAY

Galway, and in See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 1649 he See also:

• LEFT

left Ireland . After visiting Rome he returned to Fermo in 1650 and died on the 5th of See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1653• See G . Aiazzi, La Nunziatura in Irlanda (See also:

• FLORENCE
• FLORENCE (Ital. Firenze, Lat. Florentia)

Florence 1844), See also:

• ENGLISH

English See also:

• TRANSLATION

translation as The See also:

• EMBASSY

Embassy in Ireland, by A.' See also:

• HUTTON, CHARLES (1737-1823)
• HUTTON, JAMES (1726-1797)
• HUTTON, RICHARD HOLT (1826-1897)

Hutton (Dublin, 1893) ; and S . R . See also:

• GARDINER
• GARDINER, JAMES (1688-1745)
• GARDINER, SAMUEL RAWSON (1829–1902)
• GARDINER, STEPHEN (c. 1493–1555)

Gardiner, See also:

• HISTORY

History of the See also:

• GREAT

Great Civil War, vols. iii. and iv . (1905) .