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DAVID RITTENHOUSE (1732-1796)

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Originally appearing in Volume V23, Page 369 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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DAVID See also:RITTENHOUSE (1732-1796)  , See also:American astronomer, was See also:born at See also:Germantown, See also:Pennsylvania, on the 8th of See also:April 1732 . First a watchmaker and mechanician he afterwards became treasurer of Pennsylvania (1777-89), and from 1792 to 1795 director of the U.S. See also:mint (See also:Philadelphia) . He was largely occupied in 1763 and in 1779-86 in settling the boundaries of several of the states . He was a See also:fellow of the Royal Society of See also:London, and a member of the American Philosophical Society; and was elected See also:president of the latter society in 1791 . As an astronomer, See also:Rittenhouse's See also:principal merit is that he introduced in 1786 the use of spider lines in the See also:focus of a transit See also:instrument . His priority with regard to this useful invention was acknowledged by E . See also:Troughton, who brought spider lines into universal use in astronomical See also:instruments (see von See also:Zach's Monatliche Correspondenz, vol. ii. p . 215), but Felice See also:Fontana (173o-18o5), See also:professor of physics at the university of See also:Pisa, and afterwards director of the museum at See also:Florence, had already anticipated the invention in 1775, though no doubt this fact was unknown, to Rittenhouse . His researches were published in the Transactions of the American Philosophical Society (1785 1799) . He died at Philadelphia on the 26th of See also:June 1796 .

End of Article: DAVID RITTENHOUSE (1732-1796)
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