ROCHEFORT  , a See also:

• TOWN

town of western See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France, See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital of an See also:

• ARRONDISSEMENT (from arrondir, to make round)

arrondissement in the See also:

• DEPARTMENT (Fr. departement, from departir, to separate into parts)

department of See also:

• CHARENTE

Charente-Inferieure, 20 M . S.S.E. of La Rochelle on the See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

State railway from See also:

• NANTES
• NANTES, EDICT OF

Nantes to See also:

• BORDEAUX

Bordeaux . Pop . (1906) town, 31,433; See also:

• COMMUNE (Med. Lat. communia, Lat. communis, common)
• COMMUNE, MEDIEVAL

commune, 36,694 . It is situated on the right See also:

• BANK

bank of the Charente, 9 M. from the See also:

• ATLANTIC

Atlantic, and is built partly on the See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side of a rocky See also:

• HILL
• HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
• HILL, A
• HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
• HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
• HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
• HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
• HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
• HILL, JAMES J
• HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
• HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
• HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
• HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
• HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)

hill and partly on an old marshland . The town is laid out with greatregularity, the streets being wide and straight and centring See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round the See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

Place See also:

• COLBERT, JEAN BAPTISTE (1619-1683)

Colbert, in the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle of which is a monumental See also:

• FOUNTAIN (Late Lat. fontana, from ions, a spring)

fountain of the 18th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century . The public institutions of Rochefort comprise the sub-prefecture, tribunals of first instance and of See also:

• COMMERCE
• COMMERCE (Lat. commercium, from, cum, together, and rnerx, merchandise)

commerce, a See also:

• BOARD (O. Eng. bord)

board of See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade See also:

• ARBITRATION (Lat. arbitrari, to examine or judge)
• ARBITRATION, INTERNATIONAL

arbitration, a chamber of commerce, a lycee for boys, a See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

college for girls and See also:

• SCHOOLS

schools of See also:

• DRAWING

drawing and See also:

• ARCHITECTURE (Lat. architectura, from the Gr. ap)(LTEKrwv, a master-builder)

architecture . The fortifications are slight . Below Rochefort the Charente is crossed by a See also:

• PONT (or KYLPONT), ROBERT (1524–1606)

Pont transbordeur, the See also:

• CARRIER
• CARRIER, JEAN BAPTISTE (1956-1794)

carrier of which is suspended at a height which admits of the tallest See also:

• SHIPS

ships passing underneath at any See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time . There are both a See also:

• NAVAL

naval and a commercial See also:

• HARBOUR (from M.E. hereberge, here, an army; cf. Ger. Heer and -beorg, protection or shelter. Other early forms in English were herberwe and haiborow, as seen in various place names, such as Market Harborough.. The French auberge, an inn, derived through

harbour . The former has the ad-vantage of deep anchorage well protected by batteries at the mouth of the See also:

• RIVER

river, and the roadstead is perfectly safe . The windings of the channel, however, between Rochefort and the See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea, and the See also:

• BAR
• BAR (0. Fr. barre, Late Lat. barra, origin unknown)
• BAR, CONFEDERATION OF
• BAR, FRANCOIS DE (1538-1606)
• BAR, THE

bar at the entrance render See also:

• NAVIGATION (from Lat. navis, ship, and agere, to move)

navigation dangerous .

Rochefort is capital of the See also:

• FOURTH

fourth maritime arrondissement, which stretches from the See also:

• BAY

bay of Bourgneuf to the See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast of See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain . The naval harbour and See also:

• ARSENAL

arsenal, separated from the town by a See also:

• LINE

line of fortifications with three See also:

• GATES, HORATIO (1728-1806)

gates, contain large covered See also:

• BUILDING

building yards, repairing docks and extensive See also:

• TIMBER

timber basins on both See also:

• BANKS, GEORGE LINNAEUS (1821-1881)
• BANKS, NATHANIEL PRENTISS (1816–1894)
• BANKS, SIR JOSEPH
• BANKS, THOMAS (1735-1805)

banks of the river . The arsenal has also a ropewalk dating from 1668, a school of navigation and pilotage, the offices of the maritime prefecture, the See also:

• NAVY

navy See also:

• COMMISSARIAT

commissariat, a See also:

• PARK (Fr. part; Ital. parco; Sp. Marque; O.Eng. pearroc; connected with Ger. pferch, fold, and pfarrei, district, translating med. Lat. parochia, parish)
• PARK, EDWARDS AMASA (1808–1900)
• PARK, MUNGO (1771-1806?)

park of See also:

• ARTILLERY (the O. Fr. artiller, to equip with engines of war, probably comes from Late Lat. articulum, dim. of ars, art, cf. " engine " from ingenium, or of artus, joint)

artillery and various boards of direction connected with the navy . Other See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government establishments at Rochefort are See also:

• BARRACKS (derived through the French from the Late Lat. barra, a bar)
• BARRACKS, CAMP

barracks for See also:

• INFANTRY

infantry, artillery and See also:

• MARINES (from Lat. mare, sea)

marines, and the naval See also:

• HOSPITAL (Lat. haspitalis, the adjective of hospes, host or guest)

hospital and school of See also:

• MEDICINE

medicine . In the grounds of this last institution is an artesian well, sunk in 1862–1866 to a See also:

• DEPTH

depth of 2800 ft., and yielding See also:

• WATER

water with a temperature of See also:

• ROE (or Row), SIR THOMAS (c. 1581—1644)
• ROE, EDWARD PAYSON (1838-1888)

roe F . The commercial harbour, higher up the river than the naval harbour, has two small basins, a third See also:

• BASIN, or BASON (the older form bacin is found in many of the Romanic languages, from the Late Lat. baccinus or bacchinus, probably derived from bacca, a bowl)
• BASIN, THOMAS (1412—1491)

basin with an See also:

• AREA

area of 15 acres and a depth at See also:

• NEAP

neap-See also:

• TIDE (O. Eng. lid, cf. Ger. Zeit, time or season, connected with root of Sanskrit a-diti, endless)

tide of 25 ft., at See also:

• SPRING (from " to spring," " to leap or jump up," " burst out," O. Eng., springau, a common Teut. word, cf. Ger. springer, possibly allied to Gr. QnrFpxecOac, to move rapidly)

spring-tide of 292 ft., and a dry See also:

• DOCK

dock rro yds. See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long . Besides See also:

• SHIPBUILDING

shipbuilding, which forms the See also:

• STAPLE

staple See also:

• INDUSTRY (Lat. industria, from indu-, a form of the pre, position in, and either stare, to stand, or struere, to pile up)

industry, See also:

• FLOUR

flour- and saw-milling, See also:

• SAIL

sail-See also:

• CLOTH

cloth, &c., are among the See also:

• LOCAL

local manufactures . At the ports of Rochefort and Tonnay-Charente (4 M. higher up) there entered, in 1905, 265 vessels (166 See also:

• BRITISH

British), with a See also:

• TONNAGE

tonnage of 192,537 . The lordship of Rochefort, held by powerful nobles as See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early as the 11th century, was See also:

• UNITED

united to the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French See also:

• CROWN

Crown by See also:

• PHILIP
• PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
• PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
• PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
• PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)

Philip the See also:

• FAIR

Fair early in the 14th century; but it was alternately seized in the course of the See also:

• HUNDRED

Hundred Years' See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War by the See also:

• ENGLISH

English and the French, and in the See also:

• WARS

Wars of See also:

• RELIGION
• RELIGION, FOLKLORE, CUSTOM

Religion by the Catholics and Protestants . Colbert having in 1665 chosen Rochefort as the seat of a repairing See also:

• PORT

port between See also:

• BREST

Brest and the See also:

• GIRONDE

Gironde, the town rapidly increased in importance; by 1674 it had 20,000 inhabitants; and when the Dutch See also:

• ADMIRAL

admiral See also:

• CORNELIUS
• CORNELIUS, CARL AUGUST PETER (1824-1874)
• CORNELIUS, PETER VON (1784–1867)

Cornelius See also:

• TROMP

Tromp appeared at the mouth of the river with seventy-two vessels for the purpose of destroying the new arsenal, he found the approaches so well defended that he gave up his enterprise . It was at Rochefort that the naval school, afterwards transferred to Brest, was originally founded . The town continued to flourish in the later See also:

• PART

part of the 17th century .

In 1690 and in 1703 the English made unsuccessful attempts to destroy it . Its See also:

• FLEET

fleet, under the command of Admiral la Gallissonniere, a native of the place, defeated Admiral Byng in 1755 and did See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good service in the wars of the See also:

• REPUBLIC (Lat. respublica, a commonweal or common-wealth)

republic . But the destruction of the French fleet by the English in 1809 in the roadstead of Ile d'See also:

• AIX

Aix, the preference accorded to the harbours of Brest and See also:

• TOULON

Toulon and the unhealthiness of its See also:

• CLIMATE

climate seriously interfered with the prosperity of the place . The convict See also:

• ESTABLISHMENT (0. Fr. establissement, Fr. etablissement, late Norm. Fr. establishement, from O. Fr. establir, Fr. etablir, Lat. stabilire, to make stable)

establishment, founded at Rochefort in 1777, was suppressed in 1852 .