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SAMUEL ROGERS (1763-1855)

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Originally appearing in Volume V23, Page 458 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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SAMUEL See also:ROGERS (1763-1855)  , See also:English poet, was See also:born at Newington See also:Green, See also:London, on the 3oth of See also:July 1 763 . His See also:father, See also:Thomas See also:Rogers, was the son of a See also:Stourbridge See also:glass manufacturer, who was also a See also:merchant in Cheapside . Thomas Rogers had a See also:place in the London business, and married See also:Mary, the only daughter of his father's partner, See also:Daniel Radford, becoming himself a partner shortly afterwards . On his See also:mother's See also:side See also:Samuel Rogers was connected with the two well-known See also:Nonconformist divines See also:Philip and See also:Matthew See also:Henry, and it was in Nonconformist circles at Stoke Newington that he was brought up . He was educated at private See also:schools at See also:Hackney and Stoke Newington . He wished to enter the Presbyterian See also:ministry, but at his father's See also:desire he joined the banking business in Cornhill . In See also:long holidays, necessitated by delicate See also:health, Rogers became a diligent student of English literature, particularly in See also:Johnson, See also:Gray and See also:Goldsmith . Gray's poems, he said, he had by See also:heart., He had already made some contributions to the See also:Gentleman's See also:Magazine, when in 1786 he published a See also:volume containing some imitations of Goldsmith and an " See also:Ode to Superstition " in the manner of Gray . In 1788 his See also:elder See also:brother Thomas died, and Samuel's business responsibilities were increased . In the next See also:year he paid a visit to See also:Scotland, where he met See also:Adam See also:Smith, Henry See also:Mackenzie, the Piozzis and others . In 1791 he was in See also:Paris, and enjoyed a hurried inspection of the See also:art collection of Philippe Egalite at the Palais Royal, many of the treasures of which were later on to pass into his See also:possession . With Gray as his See also:model, Rogers took See also:great pains in polishing his verses, and six years elapsed after the publication of his first volume before he printed his elaborate poem on The Pleasures of Memory (1792) .

This poem may be regarded as the last embodiment of the poetic diction of the 18th See also:

century . Here is carried to the extremest See also:pitch the theory of elevating and refining See also:familiar themes by abstract treatment and lofty imagery . In this art of " raising a subject," as the 18th-century phrase was, the Pleasures of Memory is much more perfect than Thomas See also:Campbell's Pleasures of See also:Hope, published a few years later in See also:imitation . The See also:acme of See also:positive praise for the fashionable serious See also:poetry of the See also:time was given by See also:Byron when he said, " There is not a vulgar See also:line in the poem." In 1793 his father's See also:death gave Rogers the See also:principal See also:share in the banking See also:house in Cornhill, and a considerable income . He See also:left Newington Green in the same year and established himself in See also:chambers in the See also:Temple . In his circle of See also:friends at this time were " Conversation " See also:Sharp and the artists See also:Flaxman, See also:Opie, See also:Martin See also:Shee and See also:Fuseli . He also made the acquaintance of See also:Charles See also:James See also:Fox, with whom he visited the galleries in Paris in 1802, and whose friendship introduced him to See also:Holland House . In 1803 he moved to 22 St James's Place, where for fifty years he entertained all the celebrities of London . See also:Flax-See also:man and See also:Stothard had a share in the decorations of the house, which Rogers had almost rebuilt, and now proceeded to fill with pictures and other See also:works of art . His collections at his death realized £50,000 . An invitation to one of Rogers's breakfasts was a formal entry into See also:literary society, and his dinners were even more select . His social success was due less to his literary position than to his See also:powers as a conversationalist, his educated See also:taste in all matters of art, and no doubt to his sarcastic and See also:bitter wit, for which he excused himself by saying that he had such a small See also:voice that no one listened if he said pleasant things .

Above all, he seems to have had a See also:

genius for benevolence . " He certainly had the kindest heart and unkindest See also:tongue of any one I ever knew," said Fanny See also:Kemble . He helped the poet See also:Robert See also:Bloomfield, he reconciled See also:Moore with See also:Jeffrey and with Byron, and he relieved See also:Sheridan's difficulties in the last days of ; his See also:life . Moore, who refused help from all his friends, and would only be under obligations to his publishers, found it possible to accept assistance from Rogers . He procured a See also:pension for H . F . See also:Cary, the translator of See also:Dante, and obtained for See also:Wordsworth his See also:sinecure as distributor of stamps . It is difficult to realize the length of time that Rogers played the See also:part of literary See also:dictator in See also:England . He made his reputation by The Pleasures of Memory when See also:Cowper's fame was still in the making . He became the friend of Wordsworth, See also:Scott and Byron, and lived long enough to give an See also:opinion as to the fitness of See also:Alfred See also:Tennyson for the See also:post of poet See also:laureate . See also:Alexander See also:Dyce, from the time of his first introduction to Rogers, was in the See also:habit of See also:writing down the anecdotes with which his conversation abounded . From the See also:mass of material thus accumulated he made a selection which he arranged under various headings and published in 1856 as Recollections of the Table-Talk of Samuel Rogers, to which is added Porsoniana .

Phoenix-squares

Rogers himself kept a notebook, in which he entered impressions of the conversation of many of his distinguished friends—Charles James Fox, See also:

Edmund See also:Burke, Henrry See also:Grattan, See also:Richard See also:Porson, See also:John See also:Horne See also:Tooke, Talleyrand, See also:Lord See also:Erskine, See also:Sir See also:Walter Scott, Lord See also:Grenville and the See also:duke of See also:Wellington . They were published by his See also:nephew See also:William See also:Sharpe in 1859 as Recollections by Samuel Rogers; and Reminiscences and Table-Talk of Samuel Rogers, Banker, Poet, and See also:Patron of the Arts, 1763-i855 (1903), by G . H . See also:Powell, is an amalgamation of these two authorities . Rogers held various honorary positions: he was one of the trustees of the See also:National See also:Gallery; and he served on a See also:commission to inquire into the management of the See also:British Museum, and on another for the rebuilding of the Houses of See also:Parliament . Meanwhile his literary See also:production was slow . A poem of some autobiographical See also:interest, An See also:Epistle to a Friend (Richard Sharp), published in 1798, describes Rogers's ideal of a happy life . This was followed twelve years later by The Voyage of See also:Columbus (181o), and by Jacqueline (1814), a narrative poem, written in the four-See also:accent measure of the newer writers, and published in the same volume with Byron's See also:Lara . His reflective poem on Human Life (1819), on which he had been engaged for twelve years, is written in his earlier manner . In 1814 Rogers made a tour on the See also:Continent with his See also:sister Sarah . He travelled through See also:Switzerland to See also:Italy, keeping a full See also:diary of events and impressions, and had made his way to See also:Naples when the See also:news of See also:Napoleon's See also:escape from See also:Elba obliged him to See also:hurry See also:home . Seven years later he returned to Italy, paying a visit to Byron and See also:Shelley at See also:Pisa .

Out of the earlier of these See also:

tours arose his last and longest See also:work, Italy . The first part was published anonymously in 1822; the second, with hisname attached, in 1828 . The production was at first a failure, but Rogers was determined to make it a success . He enlarged and revised the poem, and commissioned illustrations from J . M . See also:Turner, Thomas Stothard and Samuel See also:Prout . These were engraved on See also:steel in the sumptuous edition of 183o . The See also:book then proved a great success, and Rogers followed it up with an equally sumptuous edition of his Poems (1838) . In 185o, on Wordsworth's death, Rogers was asked to succeed him as poet laureate, but declined the See also:honour on See also:account of his great See also:age . For the last five years of his life he was confined to his See also:chair in consequence of a fall in the See also:street . He died in London on the 18th of See also:December 1855 . A full account of Rogers is given in two works by P .

W . Clayden, The See also:

Early Life of Samuel Rogers (1887) and Rogers and his Contemporaries (2 vols., 1889) . One of the best accounts of Rogers, containing many examples of his See also:caustic wit, is by See also:Abraham See also:Hayward in the See also:Edinburgh See also:Review for July 1856 . See also the Aldine edition (1857) of his Poetical Works, and the See also:Journals of Byron and of Moore .

End of Article: SAMUEL ROGERS (1763-1855)
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