JUAN See also:

• MANUEL, EUGENE (1823–1901)
• MANUEL, JACQUES ANTOINE (1775-1827)
• MANUEL, LOUIS PIERRE (1751-1793)

MANUEL See also:

• JUAN MANUEL ROSAS (1793-1877)

ROSAS (1793-1877)  , See also:

• TYRANT (Gr. r6pavvos, master, ruler)

tyrant of Buenos Aires, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born on the 3oth of See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1793, in the See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city of that name . His See also:

• FATHER

father, See also:

• LEON
• LEON, LUIS PONCE DE (1527-1591)
• LEON, MOSES BEN SI
• LEON, or LEON DE LAS ALDAMAS

Leon Ortiz de See also:

• ROSAS, JUAN MANUEL (1793-1877)

Rosas, was an owner of See also:

• CATTLE (Norman Fr. catel, from Late Lat. capitale, wealth or property, a word applied in the feudal system to movable property and particularly to live stock, and surviving in its wider meaning as " chattel " or " chattle ")

cattle runs (estancias) and a trader in hides, who took an active See also:

• PART

part in defeating the See also:

• ENGLISH

English attack on the city in 1807 . Juan Rosas received so little See also:

• EDUCATION

education that he had to learn to read and write when he was already a married See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man and a successful cattle breeder . From a very See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age he was See also:

• LEFT

left in See also:

• CHARGE
• CHARGE (through the Fr. from the Late Lat. carricare, to load in a carrus or wagon; cf. " cargo ")

charge of one of his father's establishments . When he was eighteen he married Maria de la Encarnacion Escurra . His See also:

• MOTHER

mother having suspected him of appropriating See also:

• MONEY

money, he left his parents, and for some See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time subsisted by working as a See also:

• VAQUERO

vaquero or cowboy, and then as overseer on the estates of other owners; but he accumulated money, and by the help of a See also:

• LOAN (adapted from the Scandinavian form of a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Swed. Mn, Icel. lan, Dut. leen; the O.E. laen appears in " lend," the ultimate source is seen in the root of Gr. Xeiaecv and Lat. linquere, to leave)

loan from a friend he became possessed of a cattle run of his own, Los Cerrillos . The anarchical See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state of the See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country since its See also:

• INDEPENDENCE
• INDEPENDENCE, DECLARATION OF
• INDEPENDENCE, WAR OF

independence of See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain had favoured the See also:

• INDIANS, NORTH AMERICAN

Indians, who had taken the offensive and raided up to within See also:

• FORTY

forty See also:

• MILES, NELSON APPLETON (1839— )

miles of Buenos Aires . Rosas obtained leave to See also:

• ARM (a common Teutonic word; the Indo-European root is ar, to join or fit; cf. the Lat. armus, shoulder, and the plural word arma, weapons, Gr. apphs, joint, and the reduplicated apapilKSV, to join)

arm his cowboys . Under his management Los Cerrillos became a See also:

• REFUGE

refuge for adventurers, whom he paid and fed well, but from whom he exacted implicit obedience . His followers became a fighting force of acknowledged efficiency, and Rosas took practically the position of an See also:

• INDEPENDENT

independent ruler whose help was sought by contending See also:

• POLITICAL

political parties . By attending to his own See also:

• INTEREST

interest only, and by astute intrigue, or See also:

• SAVAGE
• SAVAGE, MINOT JUDSON (1841– )
• SAVAGE, RICHARD (d. 1743)

savage fighting when necessary, he See also:

• GREW, NEHEMIAH (1641-1712)

grew in See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power from 182o onwards, and from 1835 to 1852 ruled as See also:

• DICTATOR (from the Lat. dictare, frequentative of dicere, to speak)

dictator (see See also:

• ARGENTINA

ARGENTINA) . It is probable that he would have continued to govern in Buenos Aires till his See also:

• DEATH

death if his ambition had not led him into See also:

• WARS

wars with all his neighbours .

He .wished to extend the authority of the See also:

• REPUBLIC (Lat. respublica, a commonweal or common-wealth)

Republic over all the territory which had belonged to the See also:

• SPANISH

Spanish viceroyalty of Buenos . This led him directly into wars with See also:

• URUGUAY (officially the Oriental Republic of the Uruguay, and long locally called the Banda Oriental, meaning the land on the eastern side of the river Uruguay, from which the country takes its name)

Uruguay, See also:

• PARAGUAY

Paraguay and See also:

• CHILE, or CHILI (derived, it is said, from the Quichua chin , cold, or tchili, snow)

Chile, and into " warlike operations " with See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England and See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France, with whom he had other causes of See also:

• QUARREL

quarrel arising out of the complaints of traders and bondholders . His See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government was overthrown in 1852 by a See also:

• COALITION (Lat. coalitio, the verbal substantive of coalescere, to grow together)

coalition of his neighbours and the defection of several of his generals, and even members of his own See also:

• FAMILY

family who lived in fear of his suspicions and violence . He took refuge in England, and lived at Swaythling, near See also:

• SOUTHAMPTON
• SOUTHAMPTON, EARL OF
• SOUTHAMPTON, HENRY WRIOTHESLEY, 3RD EARL OF (1J73—1624)

Southampton, till his death on the 14th of March 1877 . A portrait taken in 1834 and reproduced by See also:

• SIR

Sir Woodbine See also:

• PARISH (Gr. irapouda, district, neighbourhood; 7r&poucos, one dwelling near or beside, from crap&, OtKOS, house; Lat. paroecur, Late Lat. parochia; cf. Fr. paroisse)

Parish in his Buenos Ayres and Provinces of the Rio de la See also:

• PLATA, RIO DE LA, or RIVER PLATE

Plata (See also:

• LONDON

London, 1852) represents Rosas as a See also:

• FINE

fine-looking man of the handsome Spanish type . See O . See also:

• MARTENS
• MARTENS, GEORG FRIEDRICH VON (1756-1821)

Martens, Ein Caligula unseres Jahrhunderts (See also:

• BERLIN
• BERLIN, CONGRESS AND TREATY OF
• BERLIN, ISAIAH (1725–1799)

Berlin, 1896), which contains a full bibliography .