See also:

• ROSIN (a later variant of " resin," q.v.)

ROSIN (a later variant of " See also:

• RESIN (through O.Fr. resine, modern reline, from Lat. resina, prcbably Latinized from Greek Pirivrt, resin)

resin," q.v.)  or COLOPHONY (Colophonia resina, See also:

• RESIN (through O.Fr. resine, modern reline, from Lat. resina, prcbably Latinized from Greek Pirivrt, resin)

resin from See also:

• COLOPHON

Colophon in See also:

• LYDIA

Lydia), the resinous constituent of the oleo-resin exuded by various See also:

• SPECIES

species of See also:

• PINE (Lat. Pinus, Gr. srlrur)

pine, known in See also:

• COMMERCE
• COMMERCE (Lat. commercium, from, cum, together, and rnerx, merchandise)

commerce as crude See also:

• TURPENTINE (in M. Eng. turbentine, adapted through the O. Fr. turbentine or terebentine from Lat. terebinthina, sc. resina, resin of the terebinth, Gr. eepiOtvOos or eippavOos)

turpentine . The separation of the oleo-resin into the essential oil-spirit of turpentine and See also:

• COMMON

common See also:

• ROSIN (a later variant of " resin," q.v.)

rosin is effected by See also:

• DISTILLATION (from the Lat. distillare, more correctly destillare, to drop or trickle down)

distillation in large See also:

• COPPER (symbol Cu, atomic weight 63.1, H=1, or 63.6, O = 16)

copper stills . The essential oil is carried off at a See also:

• HEAT (0. E. haktu, which like " hot," Old Eng. hat, is from the Teutonic type haita, hit, to be hot; cf. Ger. hitze, heiss; Dutch, hitte, heet, &c.)

heat of between 212° and 316° F., leaving fluid rosin, which is run off through a tap at the bottom of the still, and purified by passing through a straining See also:

• WADDING, LUKE (1588–1657)

wadding . Rosin varies in See also:

• COLOUR (Lat. color, connected with celare, to hide, the root meaning, therefore, being that of a covering)

colour, according to the See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age of the See also:

• TREE (0. Eng. treo, treow, cf. Dan. tree, Swed. Odd, tree, trd, timber; allied forms are found in Russ. drevo, Gr. opus, oak, and 36pv, spear, Welsh derw, Irish darog, oak, and Skr. dare, wood)
• TREE, SIR HERBERT BEERBOHM (1853- )

tree whence the turpentine is See also:

• DRAWN

drawn and the amount of heat applied in distillation, from an opaque almost pitchy See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

black substance through grades of See also:

• BROWN
• BROWN, CHARLES BROCKDEN (1771-181o)
• BROWN, FORD MADOX (1821-1893)
• BROWN, FRANCIS (1849- )
• BROWN, GEORGE (1818-188o)
• BROWN, HENRY KIRKE (1814-1886)
• BROWN, JACOB (1775–1828)
• BROWN, JOHN (1715–1766)
• BROWN, JOHN (1722-1787)
• BROWN, JOHN (1735–1788)
• BROWN, JOHN (1784–1858)
• BROWN, JOHN (1800-1859)
• BROWN, JOHN (1810—1882)
• BROWN, JOHN GEORGE (1831— )
• BROWN, ROBERT (1773-1858)
• BROWN, SAMUEL MORISON (1817—1856)
• BROWN, SIR GEORGE (1790-1865)
• BROWN, SIR JOHN (1816-1896)
• BROWN, SIR WILLIAM, BART
• BROWN, THOMAS (1663-1704)
• BROWN, THOMAS (1778-1820)
• BROWN, THOMAS EDWARD (1830-1897)
• BROWN, WILLIAM LAURENCE (1755–1830)

brown and yellow to an almost perfectly transparent colourless glassy See also:

• MASS (O.E. maesse; Fr. messe; Ger. Messe; Ital. messa; from eccl. Lat. missa)
• MASS, IN

mass . The commercial grades are numerous, ranging by letters from A, the darkest, to N, extra See also:

• PALE (through Fr. pal, from Lat. palms, a stake, for paglus, from the stem pag- of pangere, to fix; " pole " is from the same original source)

pale, See also:

• SUPERIOR

superior to which are W, " window See also:

• GLASS
• GLASS (O.E. glees, cf. Ger. Glas, perhaps derived from an old Teutonic root gla-, a variant of glo-, having the general sense of shining, cf. " glare," " glow ")
• GLASS, STAINED

glass," and WW, " See also:

• WATER

water See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white " varieties, the latter having about three times the value of the common qualities . Rosin is a brittle and friable resin, with a faint piny odour; the melting-point varies with different specimens, some being semi-fluid at the temperature of boiling water, while others do not melt till 220° or 250° F . It is soluble in See also:

• ALCOHOL

alcohol, See also:

• ETHER, (C2H5)2O

ether, See also:

• BENZENE, C6H6

benzene and See also:

• CHLOROFORM (trichlor-methane), CHC13

chloroform . Rosin consists mainly of abietic See also:

• ACID (from the Lat. root ac-, sharp; acere, to be sour)

acid, and combines with See also:

• CAUSTIC (Gr. rcavvraubs, burning)

caustic alkalis to See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form salts (rosinates or pinates) that are known as " rosin soaps." In addition to its extensive use in See also:

• SOAP

soap-making, rosin is largely employed in making inferior varnishes, sealing-See also:

• WAX

wax and various cements . It is also used for preparing shoemaker's wax, as a See also:

• FLUX (Lat. fluxus, a flowing; this being also the meaning of the English term in medicine, &c.)

flux for soldering metals, for pitching lager See also:

• BEER

beer casks, for rosining the bows of musical See also:

• INSTRUMENTS

instruments and numerous See also:

• MINOR
• MINOR (Lat. for smaller, lesser)
• MINOR, ROBERT CRANNELL (1839-1904)

minor purposes . In See also:

• PHARMACY

pharmacy it forms an ingredient in several plasters and ointments . On a large See also:

• SCALE
• SCALE (1) A

scale it is treated by destructive distillation for the See also:

• PRODUCTION (Lat. productionem, from producere, to pro-duce)

production of rosin spirit, pinoline and rosin oil . The last enters into the See also:

• COMPOSITION
• COMPOSITION (Lat. compositio, from componere, to put together)

composition of some of the solid lubricating greases, and is also used as an adulterant of other See also:

• OILS (adopted from the Fr. oile, mod. huile, Lat. oleum, olive oil)

oils .

The See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief region of rosin production is the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

South See also:

• ATLANTIC

Atlantic and Eastern Gulf states of the See also:

• UNITED

United States . See also:

• AMERICAN

American rosin is obtained from the turpentine of the swamp pine, Pinus australis, and of the loblolly pine, P . Taeda . The See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main source of See also:

• SUPPLY (through Fr. from Lat. supplere, to fill up)

supply in See also:

• EUROPE

Europe is the " See also:

• LANDES

Landes " of the departments of See also:

• GIRONDE

Gironde and Landes in See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France, where the cluster pine, P . Pinaster, is extensively cultivated .