See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

COUNT FEODOR VASSILIEVICH See also:

• COUNT FEODOR VASSILIEVICH ROSTOPTSCHIN (1763-1826)

ROSTOPTSCHIN (1763-1826)  , See also:

• RUSSIAN

Russian See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born on the 23rd of See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1763, in the See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government of See also:

• OREL
• OREL, OR ORLOV

Orel . He had See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence with the See also:

• TSAR, or CZAR

Tsar See also:

• PAUL
• PAUL (PAULUS)

Paul, who made him in 1796 See also:

• ADJUTANT (from Lat. adjutare, to aid)

adjutant-general, See also:

• GRAND

grand-See also:

• MARSHAL (med. Lat. marescalcus, from O.H.Ger. marah, horse, and scalc, servant)

marshal of the See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court, then See also:

• MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister of the interior . In 1799 he received the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

count . He was disgraced in 18oI for his opposition to the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French See also:

• ALLIANCE

alliance, but was restored to favour in 181o, and was shortly afterwards appointed military See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor of See also:

• MOSCOW (Russian Moskva)
• MOSCOW, (Russian Moskva)

Moscow . He was therefore charged with its See also:

• DEFENCE
• DEFENCE (Lat. defendere, to defend)

defence against See also:

• NAPOLEON

Napoleon, and took every means to rouse the See also:

• POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population of the See also:

• TOWN

town and See also:

• DISTRICT

district against the invader . He has been generally charged with instigating the burning of Moscow the See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day after the French had made their entry; it is certain that the prisons were opened by his See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order, and that he took no means to stop the outbreak . He defended himself against the See also:

• CHARGE
• CHARGE (through the Fr. from the Late Lat. carricare, to load in a carrus or wagon; cf. " cargo ")

charge of See also:

• INCENDIARISM (Lat. incendere, to set on fire, burn)

incendiarism in a pamphlet printed in See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris in 1823, La Verite sur l'incendie de Moscou, but he subsequently made See also:

• GRAVE

grave admissions . Shortly after the See also:

• CONGRESS (Lat. congressus, coming together, from congredi; cum, with, and gradus, step)

congress of See also:

• VIENNA (Ger. Wien; Lat. Vindobona)
• VIENNA, CONGRESS OF (1814-1815)

Vienna, to which he had accompanied the Tsar See also:

• ALEXANDER
• ALEXANDER (1461-1506)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OF BATTENBERG) (1857-1893)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OsxENOVici) (1876-1903)
• ALEXANDER, ARCHIBALD (1772—1851)
• ALEXANDER, FRANCIS (1800—1881)
• ALEXANDER, GEORGE (1858— )
• ALEXANDER, JOHN WHITE (1856- )
• ALEXANDER, JOSEPH ADDISON (18o9—186o)
• ALEXANDER, SIR JAMES EDWARD (1803—1885)
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM (1824— )
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM LINDSAY (1808—1884)

Alexander, he was disgraced . He only returned to See also:

• RUSSIA
• RUSSIA (Rossiya)

Russia in 1825, and died at Moscow on the 12th of See also:

• FEBRUARY

February of the next See also:

• YEAR

year . His Memoires ecrits en See also:

• DIX, DOROTHEA LYNDE (1802-1887)
• DIX, JOHN

dix minutes were posthumously published at St See also:

• PETERSBURG

Petersburg in 1853, his CEuvres inedites in Paris in 1894 . A partial See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of his See also:

• LIFE

life was written by his See also:

• GRANDSON (Ger. Grandsee)

grandson A. de Segue (Paris, 1872) . See also Varnhagen von Ense, Denkwurdigkeiten, vol. ix.; G .

Tzenoff, Wer See also:

• HAT

hat Moskau See also:

• IM(K2+a2+h2—2 ah cos 0)

im Jahre 1812 in See also:

• BRAND, JOHN (1744-1806)
• BRAND, SIR JOHN HENRY (1823-1888)

Brand gesteckt (See also:

• BERLIN
• BERLIN, CONGRESS AND TREATY OF
• BERLIN, ISAIAH (1725–1799)

Berlin, 1900) . ROSTOV-ON-THE-See also:

• DON
• DON (anc. Tanais)

DON, a seaport of Russia, in the territory of the Don See also:

• COSSACKS (Russ. Kazak; plural, Kazaki, from the Turki quzzaq, " adventurer, free-hooter ")

Cossacks, well situated on the high right See also:

• BANK

bank of the Don, 13 M. from its mouth in the See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

Sea of See also:

• AZOV
• AZOV, SEA OF

Azov . In 1731 a small fort was erected on an See also:

• ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land')

island in the Don, near its mouth . See also:

• THIRTY

Thirty years later the fortifications were transferred to the site now occupied by Rostov, 5 M. above the See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head of the first See also:

• BRANCH (from the Fr. branche, late Lat. branca, an animal's paw)

branch of the See also:

• DELTA (from the shape of the Gr. letter A, delta, originally used of the mouth of the Nile)

delta of the Don . The Don, which has here a breadth of 23o to 250 yds., with a hardly perceptible current, offers an excellent roadstead . The See also:

• NAVIGATION (from Lat. navis, ship, and agere, to move)

navigation, however, is considerably impeded by the shallowness of the See also:

• RIVER

river . Dredging operations have but partially remedied this . Moreover, the river is See also:

• FROST (a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch, vorst, Ger. Frost, from the common Teutonic verb meaning " to freeze," Dutch, vriezcn, Ger. frieren; the Indo-European root is seen in Lat. pruina, hoar-frost, cf. prurire, to itch, burn, pruna, burning coal, Sans
• FROST, WILLIAM EDWARD (1810–1877)

frost-See also:

• BOUND, or BOUNDARY (from O. Fr. bonde, Med. Lat. bodena or butina, a frontier line)

bound for more than one See also:

• HUNDRED

hundred days in the year . The population has grown rapidly: while in 1881 it was 70,700, in 1807 it numbered 119,889, and in 1905 126,375, exclusive of the suburbs; if these, which comprise See also:

• NAKHICHEVAN, or NAKHJEVAN

Nakhichevan (32,582 in 1905) be included, the population is well over 16o,000, a figure which is still further swollen in the summer by the influx of about 6o.000 men, who find See also:

• WORK

work in connexion with the shipment of See also:

• GRAIN (derived through the French from Lat. granum, seed, from an Aryan root meaning " to wear down," which also appears in the common Teutonic word " corn ")

grain for export . The permanent population includes 15,000 See also:

• JEWS
• JEWS (Heb. Y8hudi, man of Judah; Gr. 'Iovbaiot; Lat. Judaei)

Jews, 5000 Armenians, with See also:

• TATARS (the common form Tartars is less correct)

Tatars, Poles, Germans and others . In Nakhichevan there are 20,500 Armenians . Owing to its situation on the navigable river Don and at the junction of three See also:

• RAILWAYS

railways, radiating to See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north-western Russia, See also:

• CAUCASIA
• CAUCASIA, or CAUCASUS

Caucasia and the See also:

• VOLGA (known to the Tatars as Etil, Jill or Atel; to the Finnish tribes as Rau, and to the ancients as Rha and Oarus)

Volga respectively, Rostov has become the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief sea-See also:

• PORT

port of See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south-See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east ern Russia, being second in importance on the See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

Black Sea to See also:

• ODESSA

Odessa only .

It is the chief centre for the See also:

• SUPPLY (through Fr. from Lat. supplere, to fill up)

supply of agricultural machinery to the See also:

• STEPPE (from the Russ. stepi, a waste)

steppe governments of south-eastern Russia . On an See also:

• AVERAGE

average, £3,000,000 to £4,000,000 See also:

• WORTH
• WORTH, CHARLES FREDERICK (1825-1895)

worth of See also:

• WHEAT
• WHEAT (Triticum)

wheat, about £1,000,000 worth of See also:

• RYE

rye, and over £1,500,000 worth of See also:

• BARLEY (Hordeum sativum)

barley are exported annually, besides oats, See also:

• FLAX

flax, See also:

• LINSEED

linseed, See also:

• RAPE
• RAPE (from Lat. rapere, to seize)
• RAPE (Lat. rapum or rapa, turnip)

rape See also:

• SEED (from the root seen in Lat. serere, to sow)

seed, oilcake, See also:

• BRAN

bran, See also:

• FLOUR

flour, See also:

• VEGETABLE

vegetable See also:

• OILS (adopted from the Fr. oile, mod. huile, Lat. oleum, olive oil)

oils, raw See also:

• WOOL, WORSTED AND WOOLLEN MANUFACTURES

wool and See also:

• CAVIARE, or CAVIAR

caviare . The imports average between four and five millions See also:

• STERLING
• STERLING, ANTOINETTE (d. 1904)
• STERLING, JOHN (1806-1844)

sterling annually, and consist largely of agricultural machinery . There are a See also:

• SHIPBUILDING

shipbuilding yard, flour-See also:

• MILLS, JOHN (d. 1736)
• MILLS, ROGER QUARLES (1832– )

mills, See also:

• TOBACCO

tobacco factories, See also:

• IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

iron See also:

• WORKS

works, machinery works, distilleries, See also:

• SOAP

soap works, See also:

• TIMBER

timber mills, See also:

• BELL
• BELL, ALEXANDER MELVILLE (1819—1905)
• BELL, ANDREW (1753—1832)
• BELL, GEORGE JOSEPH (1770-1843)
• BELL, HENRY (1767-1830)
• BELL, HENRY GLASSFORD (1803-1874)
• BELL, JACOB (1810-1859)
• BELL, JOHN (1691-178o)
• BELL, JOHN (1763-1820)
• BELL, JOHN (1797-1869)
• BELL, ROBERT (1800-1867)
• BELL, SIR CHARLES (1774—1842)

bell foundries, See also:

• PAPER
• PAPER (Fr. papier, from Lat. papyrus)

paper mills and rope works . Rostov is the chief centre of See also:

• STEAM
• STEAM (0. Eng. steam, vapour, smoke, cf. Du. steam; the origin is unknown)

steam flour-mills for south-eastern Russia and Caucasia . Two fairs, one of which has considerable importance for the whole of south-eastern Russia, are held here yearly . Rostov has excellent See also:

• FISHERIES

fisheries . The town has a See also:

• CATHEDRAL

cathedral, a See also:

• FINE

fine town See also:

• HALL
• HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
• HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
• HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
• HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
• HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
• HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
• HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
• HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
• HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
• HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
• HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
• HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
• HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
• HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
• HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
• HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
• HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)

hall (1897-99), navigation See also:

• SCHOOLS

schools, technical schools, and a See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good municipal library .