ROUEN
, a See also:city of See also:France, See also:capital of the See also:department of See also:Seine-Inferieure and the See also:ancient capital of the See also:province of See also:Normandy, on the Seine, 87 M
.
N.W. of See also:Paris by See also:rail
.
Pop
.
(1906) 111,402
.
The old city lies on the See also:north See also:bank of the See also:river in an See also:amphitheatre formed by the hills which border the Seine valley
.
It is surrounded by boulevards
.
Outside the See also:ellipse formed by
ROUEN
these See also:lie the suburbs of Martainville, St Hilaire, Beauvoisine, Bouvreuil and Cauchoise; 21 M. to the See also:east is the See also:industrial See also:town of Darnetal (pop
.
6770), and in the level See also:plain on the opposite bank of the Seine is the extensive manufacturing suburb of St Sever with the industrial towns of Sotteville (pop
.
18,096) and See also:Petit Quevilly (pop
.
14,852) in its immediate neighbourhood
.
Finally in the centre of the river, north-east of St Sever, is the Ile See also:Lacroix, which also forms See also:part of Rouen
.
Communication across the Seine is maintained by See also:ferry and by three See also:bridges, including a See also:Pont transbordeur, or moving plat-See also:form, slung between two lofty columns and propelled by See also:electricity
.
Rouen possesses four railway stations., The central point of the old town is the See also:Place de 1'HOtel de Ville, occupied by the See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church of St Ouen, the hotel de ville and an equestrian statue of See also:Napoleon I., and traversed by the See also:Rue de la Republique which leads from it past the See also:cathedral to the Place de la Republique and the Quai de Paris
.
Parallel to this See also:street to the See also:west are the Rue Beauvoisine with its See also:southern continuations, the Rue See also:des Carmes and the Rue See also:Grand-Pont, and the wide and handsome Rue Jeanne d'Arc terminating on the Quai de la See also:Bourse
.
These thoroughfares, which are all within the boulevards, are crossed at right angles by the Rue de la See also:Grosse-Horloge and by the Rue See also:Thiers, See also:running from the Place Cauchoise on the west to the Place de 1'HOtel de Ville, and passing on the See also:left the Jardin See also:Solferino and the museum
.
The cathedral was built on the site of a previous cathedral which was destroyed by See also:fire in 1200, and its construction lasted from the beginning of the 13th See also:century, to which See also:period belong the lateral doors of the west portal, to the beginning of the 16th century, when the Tour de Beurre was completed
.
The See also:spire surmounting the central See also:tower, which is the highest in France (485 ft.), is See also:modern
.
The western See also:facade, with its profusion of niches, pinnacles and statues, belongs, as a whole, to the Flamboyant See also:style
.
But the See also:northern tower, the Tour St Romain, is in the See also:main of the 12th century, its upper See also:stage (with its steep, pointed roof) having been added later
.
The southern tower, the Tour de Beurre, so named because funds for its See also:building were given in return for the permission to eat See also:butter in See also:- LENT (0. Eng. lenclen, " spring," M. Eng. lenten, lente, lent; cf. Dut. lente, Ger. Lenz, " spring," 0. H. Ger. lenzin, lengizin, lenzo, probably from the same root as " long " and referring to " the lengthening days ")
Lent, is of a type essentially See also:Norman, and consists of a square tower pierced by high mullioned windows and surmounted by a See also:low, octagonal structure, with a See also:balustrade and pinnacles
.
The juxtaposition of these two towers, so different in See also:character, is the, most striking feature of the main facade, which is notable besides for its width
.
The portals of the See also:transept are each flanked by two towers and decorated with See also:sculpture and statuary
.
That to the north, the Portail des Libraires, looks upon the Cour des Libraires, once the resort of the booksellers of Rouen
.
That to the See also:south is known as the Portail de la Calende
.
The See also:plan of the church comprises a See also:nave with aisles and lateral chapels, a transept and a See also:choir with See also:ambulatory
.
The most remarkable part of the interior is the See also:Lady See also:Chapel (1302–20) behind the choir with the tombs (1518-25) of See also:Cardinal Georges d'See also:Amboise and his See also:nephew, the statuary of which, including the kneeling statues of the two cardinals, is of the finest See also:Renaissance workmanship
.
The chapel also contains the See also:tomb (1536–44) of See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis de See also:Breze, See also:seneschal of Normandy
.
Behind the cathedral is the archiepiscopal See also:palace, a building of the 14th and 15th centuries
.
St Ouen, formerly the church of an See also:abbey dating to the See also:Roman period and reorganized by See also:Archbishop St Ouen in the 7th century, exceeds the cathedral in length as well as in purity of style
.
In spite of the juxtaposition of the second and third, the Radiant and Flamboyant types of See also:Gothic See also:architecture, the building, as a whole, presents a unity which even the modern facade has failed to See also:mar
.
It was founded in 1318 in place of a Romanesque church which previously occupied the site and of which the only relic is the chapel in the south transept
.
The choir alone was constructed in the 14th century
.
The nave of the church belongs to the 15th century, by the end of which the central tower with its octagonal See also:lantern and four flanking turrets had been erected
.
The building of the western facade, which is flanked by two towers, was not undertaken till 1846
.
The walls of the church are pierced by windows filled with stained See also:glass of the 14th, 15th and 16th centuries and See also:cover more space than is usual even in See also:French Gothic churches
.
The Portail des Marmousets, the entrance to the south transept, has a projecting See also:porch, behind and above which rises a magnificent See also:rose window
.
The north facade has no entrance
.
In the interior, now despoiled of many See also:artistic treasures, there is an See also:organ-See also:case dating from 163o and a railing of the 18th century surrounding the choir
.
The church of St Maclou, behind the cathedral, begun in 1437 and finished See also:early in the 16th century, is a See also:rich example of the Flamboyant style, the characteristics of which are specially displayed in the decoration of the facade and the See also:tracery of the portal with its five arched openings
.
It is celebrated for See also:carving attributed to See also:Jean See also:Goujon which appears on the western doors and in other parts of the church, and has a handsome organ-See also:loft reached by a graceful open See also:staircase, and stained glass of the 15th and 16th centuries
.
The spire above the central tower is modern and was finished in 1869
.
See also:Close by the church is the old See also:parish See also:cemetery called the Aitre de St Maclou; it is surrounded by wooden galleries of the Renaissance period, supported on See also:- STONE
- STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
- STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
- STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
- STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
- STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
- STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
- STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
- STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)
stone pillars on which are sculptures representing a See also:dance of See also:death
.
The church of St See also:Vincent, near the Seine, is a building of the 16th century and contains the finest stained-glass windows in Rouen; those at the end of the north See also:aisle, by Engrand and Jean le See also:Prince, artists of See also:Beauvais, are the most noted
.
The stained glass in the churches of St Patrice (16th century) and St See also:Godard (See also:late 15th century) is inferior only to that of St Vincent
.
Among the less important ecclesiastical buildings of Rouen are the churches of St See also:Gervais, St Romain, St See also:Laurent, St Vivien, and the tower of St See also:Andre, a relic of an old church of the 15th and 16th centuries
.
The most important See also:secular building in Rouen is the Palais de See also:Justice, once the seat of the See also:exchequer and, later, of the See also:parlement of Normandy
.
It is in the late Gothic style and consists of a main building flanked by two wings
.
The left wing, known as the Salle des Procureurs, was erected in 1493 and is remark-able for its lofty See also:barrel-roof of See also:timber
.
South of the Palais de Justice is the See also:Porte de la Grosse Horloge, an See also:arcade spanning the street and surmounted by a lazge See also:clock of the 15th century with two dials
.
The Tour de la Grosse Horloge, which rises beside the arcade, was built in 1389
.
The tower known as the Tour de Jeanne d'Arc was the See also:scene of her trial, and is all that remains of the See also:castle built by See also:- PHILIP
- PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
- PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
- PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
- PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)
Philip See also:Augustus early in the 13th century
.
The Porte See also:Guillaume-See also:Lion, opening on to the Quai de Paris, is a handsome gateway built in 1749
.
There are numerous old houses in Rouen in the Gothic and Renaissance styles
.
The Hotel de Bourgtheroulde, the most famous of them, is a stone See also:mansion of the 15th century added to in the reign of See also:Francis I., the facades of which are decorated with bas-reliefs representing scenes from the See also:- MEETING (from " to meet," to come together, assemble, 0. Eng. metals ; cf. Du. moeten, Swed. mota, Goth. gamotjan, &c., derivatives of the Teut. word for a meeting, seen in O. Eng. Wit, moot, an assembly of the people; cf. witanagemot)
meeting of the See also:- FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
- FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
- FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
- FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
- FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
- FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
- FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
- FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
- FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
- FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
- FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)
Field of the See also:Cloth of See also:Gold and allegories from the Triumphs of See also:Petrarch
.
Among more modern buildings are the hotel de ville of the 18th century, adjoining the north See also:side of the church of St Ouen, the Bourse dating from the same period, and the Musee-Bibliotheque constructed in 188o and containing rich collections of pictures and See also:ceramics and a library with upwards of 133,000 volumes and many valuable See also:MSS
.
An important museum of antiquities and a museum of natural See also:history are contained in the old See also:convent of the Visitation
.
A statue of the composer F
.
A
.
See also:Boieldieu overlooks the Quai de la Bourse, and one of See also:Pierre See also:Corneille stands at the western extremity of the Ile Lacroix; both were natives of the town
.
At Bonsecours, on a See also:- HILL
- HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
- HILL, A
- HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
- HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
- HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
- HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
- HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
- HILL, JAMES J
- HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
- HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
- HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
- HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
- HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)
hill on the Seine 2 M. above Rouen, are the modern church, which is a resort of pilgrims, and the See also:monument to See also:Joan of Arc consisting of three small Renaissance buildings with a statue of the heroine in the See also:principal one
.
Rouen is the seat of an archbishop, a See also:prefect, a See also:court of See also:appeal and a court of assizes, and headquarters of the See also:Ill. See also:army See also:corps
.
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