RUBICON  , a small stream of See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy, which flowed into the Adriatic between See also:

• ARIMINUM (mod. Rimini)

Ariminum and Caesena, and formed the boundary between Italy and the See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province of Cisalpine See also:

• GAUL
• GAUL, GILBERT WILLIAM (1855— )

Gaul . Hence See also:

• CAESAR, GAIUS JULIUS (102—44 B.c.)
• CAESAR, SIR JULIUS (1557-1558-1636)

Caesar's See also:

• CROSSING

crossing of it in 49 B.C. was tantamount to a See also:

• DECLARATION (from Lat. declarare, to make fully clear, clams)

declaration of See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war against See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome as represented by See also:

• POMPEY

Pompey and the See also:

• SENATE (Lat. senatus, from root sen-, as in senex, old; the root is the Sanskrit sana, cf. Gr. 'vos; the same element appears in senor, seigneur, seneschal)

Senate . The historic importance of this event gave rise to the phrase " crossing the Rubicon " for a step which definitely commits a See also:

• PERSON, OFFENCES AGAINST THE

person to a given course of See also:

• ACTION

action . There has been much controversy as to the See also:

• IDENTIFICATION (Lat. idem, the same)

identification of the stream; it appears that its upper course is represented by that of the Pisciatello (called Rubigone in the 11th or See also:

• LATH (0. Eng. laett, Mid. Eng. lappe, a form possibly due to the Welsh llath; the word appears in many Teutonic languages, cf. Dutch lat, Ger. Latte, and has passed into Romanic, cf. Ital. latta, Fr. latte)

lath See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century and now Rugone or Urgone), and its See also:

• LOWER

lower portion by the Fiumicino, which the Urgone once joined . The point was marked by a station on the Via Aemilia below their confluence, 12 M . N.W. of Ariminum, bearing the name ad Confluentes; and here is still preserved a three-arched See also:

• BRIDGE

bridge, larger than is necessary for the See also:

• WATER

water carried by the See also:

• PRESENT

present Fiumicino .