See also:

• RUMI (1207-1273)

RUMI (1207-1273)  . Mahommed b . Mahommed b . Husain albalkhi, better known as Maulana Jalal-uddin See also:

• RUMI, (1207-1273)

Rumi (or simply Jalal-uddin, or Jelal-eddin), the greatest Sific poet of See also:

• PERSIA

Persia, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born on the 3oth of See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 1207 (604 A.H . 6th of Rabi' I.) at See also:

• BALKH

Balkh, in See also:

• KHORASAN, or KHORASSAN (i.e. " land of the sun ")

Khorasan, where his See also:

• FAMILY

family had resided from See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time immemorial . He claimed descent from the See also:

• CALIPH, CALIF

caliph Abubekr,and from the Khwarizm-Shah See also:

• SULTAN (an Arabic word meaning " victorious " or " a ruler," sultat, dominion)

Sultan 'See also:

• ALA

Ala-uddin b . Tukush (1199-1220), whose only daughter, Malika-i-Jahan, had been married to Jalal-uddin's grandfather . Her son, Mahommed, commonly called Baha-uddin Walad, was famous for his learning and piety, but being afraid of the sultan's See also:

• JEALOUSY (adapted from Fr. jalousie, formed from jaloux, jealous, Low Lat. zelosus, Gr. j'i os, ardour, zeal, from the root seen in '&u', to boil, ferment; cf. " yeast ")

jealousy, he emigrated to See also:

• ASIA

Asia See also:

• MINOR
• MINOR (Lat. for smaller, lesser)
• MINOR, ROBERT CRANNELL (1839-1904)

Minor in 1212 . After residing for some time at See also:

• MALATIA (MALATIEH or Aspuzu)

Malatia and afterwards at See also:

• ERZINGAN, or ERZINJAN (Arsingaof the middle ages)

Erzingan in See also:

• ARMENIA (old Persian Armina, Armenian Hayasdan, or Hayq)

Armenia, Bahauddin was called to Laranda in Asia Minor, as See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal of the See also:

• LOCAL

local See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

college . Here See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young Jalal-uddin See also:

• GREW, NEHEMIAH (1641-1712)

grew up, and in 1226 married Jauhar Khatun, the daughter of Lala Sharaf-uddin of See also:

• SAMARKAND

Samarkand . Finally, Baha-uddin was invited to See also:

• ICONIUM (mod. Konia)

Iconium by `Ala-uddin Kaikubad (1219-1236), the sultan of Asia Minor; or, as it is commonly called in the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East, See also:

• RUM
• RUM (according to Skeat, a corruption of Malay brum or bram; the adjective " rum," i.e. " queer," being a distinct word, in Gipsy rem)

Rum—whence Jalaluddin's surname (takhallus) Rumi . After Baha-uddin's See also:

• DEATH

death in 1231, Jalal-uddin went to See also:

• ALEPPO (native Haleb)

Aleppo and See also:

• DAMASCUS

Damascus for a See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short time to study, but, dissatisfied with the exact sciences, he returned to Iconium, where he became by and by See also:

• PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

professor of four See also:

• SEPARATE

separate colleges, and devoted himself to the study of mystic See also:

• THEOSOPHY (from Gr. Oe6s, god, and vogbta, wisdom)

theosophy .

His first spiritual instructor was Sayyid Burhan-uddin Husa.ini of Tirmidh, one of his See also:

• FATHER

father's disciples, and, later on, the wandering Sufi Shams-uddin of See also:

• TABRIZ

Tabriz, who soon acquired a most powerful See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence over Jalal-uddin . Shams-uddin's aggressive See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character roused the See also:

• PEOPLE

people of Iconium against him, and during a See also:

• RIOT (0. Fr. riote, of uncertain etymology)

riot in which Jalal-uddin's eldest son, `Ala-uddin, was killed, he was arrested and probably executed; at least he was no more seen . In remembrance of these victims of popular wrath Jalal-uddin founded the See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order of the Maulawi (in See also:

• TURKISH

Turkish Mevlevi) dervishes, famous for their piety as well as for their See also:

• PECULIAR

peculiar garb of See also:

• MOURNING (from the verb " to mourn," to be sorrowful, 0. Eng. murnan; cf. O.H.G. mornen, Goth. maurnan, to be anxious, O.N. morna, to pine away; by some referred to root seen in Gr. jdptpva, sorrow, by others to root mer-, to die)

mourning, their See also:

• MUSIC

music and their mystic See also:

• DANCE
• DANCE (Fr. danse; of obscure origin, connected with Old High Ger. danson, to stretch)

dance (sama), which is the outward See also:

• REPRESENTATION

representation of the circling See also:

• MOVEMENT

movement of the See also:

• SPHERES, MUSIC OF THE

spheres, and the inward See also:

• SYMBOL (Gr. o-uµ(3oXov, a sign)

symbol of the circling movement of the soul caused by the vibrations of a Sufi's fervent love to See also:

• GOD

God . The See also:

• ESTABLISHMENT (0. Fr. establissement, Fr. etablissement, late Norm. Fr. establishement, from O. Fr. establir, Fr. etablir, Lat. stabilire, to make stable)

establishment of this order, which still possesses numerous cloisters throughout the Turkish See also:

• EMPIRE

empire, and the leadership of which has been kept in Jalaluddin's family in Iconium uninterruptedly for the last six See also:

• HUNDRED

hundred years, gave a new stimulus to his zeal and poetical See also:

• INSPIRATION (Lat. inspirare, breathe upon or into)

inspiration . Most of his matchless odes were composed in See also:

• HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour of the Maulawl dervishes, and even his See also:

• OPUS ('O7rois)

opus magnum, the Mathnawi (Mesnevi), or, as it is usually called, The Spiritual Mathnawi (mathnawi-i-ma'nawi), in six books or daftars, with 30,000 to 40,000 See also:

• DOUBLE
• DOUBLE (from the Mid. Eng. duble, the form which gives the present pronunciation, through the Old Er. duble, from Lat. duplus, twice as much)

double-rhymed verses, can be traced to the same source . The See also:

• IDEA (Gr. Ibia, connected with i&eiv, to see; cf. Lat. species from specere, to look at)

idea of this immense collection of ethical and moral precepts was first suggested to the poet by his favourite See also:

• DISCIPLE

disciple See also:

• HASAN

Hasan, better known as Husam-uddin, who in 1258 became Jalal-uddin's See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief assistant . Jalal-uddin dictated to him, with a short interruption, the whole See also:

• WORK

work during the remaining years of his See also:

• LIFE

life . Soon after its completion Jalal-uddin died, on the 17th of See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1273 (672 A.H . 5th of Jomada II.) . His first successor in the rectorship of the Maulawl fraternity was Husam-uddin himself, after whose death in 1284 Jalal-uddin's younger and only surviving son, Shaikh Bahaudd-in Ahmed, commonly called Sultan Walad, and favourably known as author of the mystical mathnawi Rabdbnama, or the See also:

• BOOK

Book of the See also:

• GUITAR (Fr. guitarre, Ger. Guitarre, Ital. chitarra, Span. guitarra)

Guitar (died 1312), was duly installed as See also:

• GRAND

grand-See also:

• MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master of the order . Jalal-uddin's life is fully described in Shams-uddin Ahmed Aflaki's Manakib-ul 'See also:

• COIF (from Fr. coiffe, Ital. cuffia, a cap)

Coif in (written between A.D . 1318 and 1353), the most important portions of which have been translated by J .

W . Redhouse in the See also:

• PREFACE (Med. Lat. prefatia, for classical praefatio, praefari, to speak beforehand)

preface to his See also:

• ENGLISH

English metrical version of The Mesnevi, Book the First (See also:

• LONDON

London, 1881); there is also an abridged See also:

• TRANSLATION

translation of the Mathnawi, with introduction on Sufism, by E . H . Whinfield (2nd ed., 1898) . See also:

• COMPLETE

Complete See also:

• EDITIONS

editions have been printed in Bombay, See also:

• LUCKNOW

Lucknow, Tabriz, See also:

• CONSTANTINOPLE
• CONSTANTINOPLE, COUNCILS OF

Constantinople and in Bulaq (with a Turkish translation, 1268 A.H.), at the end of which a seventh See also:

• DAF

daf See also:

• TAR

tar is added, the genuineness of which is refuted by a remark of Jalaluddin himself in one of the Bodleian copies of the poem, See also:

• OUSELEY, SIR FREDERICK ARTHUR GORE (1825-1889)
• OUSELEY, SIR WILLIAM (1769—1842)

Ouseley, 294 (f . 328a seq.) . A revised edition was made by 'Abd-ullatif between 1024 and 1032 A.H., and the same author's commentary on the Mathnawi, Lata'if-ulma'naw-i, and his glossary, Lata'if-allughat, have been lithographed in See also:

• CAWNPORE, or KANPUR

Cawnpore (1876) and Lucknow (1877) respectively, the latter under the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title Farhang-i-mathnawl . For the other numerous commentaries and for further See also:

• BIOGRAPHICAL

biographical and See also:

• LITERARY

literary particulars of Jalal-uddin, see See also:

• RIEU, CHARLES PIERRE HENRI (182o-1902)

Rieu's See also:

• CAT
• CAT, CIVET
• CAT, HOUSE

Cat. of the See also:

• PERSIAN
• PERSIAN, SYRIAN, EGYPTIAN AND TURKISH

Persian See also:

• MSS

MSS of the Brit . See also:

• MUS

Mus., vol. ii. p . 584 seq . ; A . See also:

• SPRENGER, JAKOB (fl. 1500)

Sprenger's Oudh Cat., p .

489 ; See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• GORE
• GORE, CATHERINE GRACE FRANCES (1799-1861)
• GORE, CHARLES (1853– )

Gore Ouseley, Notices o Persian Poets, p . 112 seq . ; H . Eth6, in Morgenlandische Studien (See also:

• LEIPZIG

Leipzig, 1870), p . 95 seq., and in Geiger and See also:

• KUHN, FRANZ FELIX ADALBERT (1812–1881)

Kuhn's Grundriss der iranischen Philologie (See also:

• STUTTGART

Stuttgart, 1896-1904), vol. ii. pp . 287-292 . Selections from Jalal-uddin's diwan (often styled Dtwan-i-Shams-i-Tabriz) are translated in See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German See also:

• VERSE (from Lat. versus, literally a line or furrow drawn by turning the plough, from vertere, and afterwards signifying an arrangement of syllables into feet)

verse by V. von Rosenzweig (See also:

• VIENNA (Ger. Wien; Lat. Vindobona)
• VIENNA, CONGRESS OF (1814-1815)

Vienna, 1838); into English by R . A . See also:

• NICHOLSON, HENRY ALLEYNE (1844-1899)
• NICHOLSON, JOHN (1822-18J7)
• NICHOLSON, WILLIAM (1753-1815)
• NICHOLSON, WILLIAM (1784-1844)

Nicholson (2nd ed., 1898) and W . Hastie (1903) . (H .