1ST See also:

• EARL

EARL See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

JOHN See also:

• RUSSELL (FAMILY)
• RUSSELL, ISRAEL COOK (1852- )
• RUSSELL, JOHN (1745-1806)
• RUSSELL, JOHN (d. 1494)
• 1ST EARL JOHN RUSSELL RUSSELL (1792-1878)
• RUSSELL, JOHN SCOTT (1808–1882)
• RUSSELL, LORD WILLIAM (1639–1683)
• RUSSELL, SIR WILLIAM HOWARD
• RUSSELL, THOMAS (1762-1788)
• RUSSELL, WILLIAM CLARK (1844– )

RUSSELL RUSSELL (1792-1878)  , See also:

• BRITISH

British statesman, third son of the 6th See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of See also:

• BEDFORD

Bedford, by Georgiana See also:

• ELIZABETH
• ELIZABETH (1533-1603)
• ELIZABETH (1596-1662)
• ELIZABETH (1635–1650)
• ELIZABETH [ AMELIE EUGENIE ] (1837—1898)
• ELIZABETH [1lisabeth Philippine Marie Helene of France] (1764—1794)
• ELIZABETH [PAULINE ELIZABETH OTTILIE LOUISE] (1843– )
• ELIZABETH [PETROVNA] (1709-1762), EMPRESS
• ELIZABETH, SAINT (1207-1231)

Elizabeth Byng, second daughter of the 4th See also:

• VISCOUNT (through O. Fr. viscomte, mod. vicomte, from Low Lat. vice-comes, cf. Portug. visconde, Ital. visconte)

Viscount See also:

• TORRINGTON
• TORRINGTON (GREAT TORRINGTON)
• TORRINGTON, GEORGE BYNG, VISCOUNT (1663-1733)

Torrington, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born in See also:

• LONDON

London on the 18th of See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1792 . He was sent to a private school at See also:

• SUNBURY

Sunbury in 1800, and from 1803 to 1804 he was at See also:

• WESTMINSTER
• WESTMINSTER, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
• WESTMINSTER, STATUTES OF
• WESTMINSTER, SYNODS OF

Westminster School, but was then withdrawn on See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of his delicate See also:

• HEALTH

health . From 18o5 to 18o8 he was with a private See also:

• TUTOR (Lat. tutor, guardian, tueri, to watch over, protect)

tutor at Woodnesborough, near See also:

• SANDWICH
• SANDWICH, EDWARD MONTAGU, or MOUNTAGU, 1ST EARL OF (1625–1672)
• SANDWICH, JOHN MONTAGU, 4TH EARL OF (1718–1792)

Sandwich . After travelling in See also:

• SCOTLAND
• SCOTLAND, CHURCH OF
• SCOTLAND, EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF

Scotland and in See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain, he studied from the autumn of 1809 to 1812 at the university of See also:

• EDINBURGH

Edinburgh, then the See also:

• ACADEMIC

academic centre of Liberalism, and dwelt in the See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house of See also:

• PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

Professor See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John See also:

• PLAYFAIR, JOHN (1748-1819)
• PLAYFAIR, LYON PLAYFAIR

Playfair . On leaving the university, he travelled in See also:

• PORTUGAL

Portugal and Spain, but on the 4th of May 1813 he was returned for the ducal See also:

• BOROUGH (A.S. nominative burh, dative byrig, which produces some of the place-names ending in bury, a sheltered or fortified place, the camp of refuge of a tribe, the stronghold of a chieftain; cf. Ger. Burg, Fr. bor, bore, bourg)
• BOROUGH [BURROUGH, BURROWE, BORROWS], STEVEN (1525–1584)

borough of See also:

• TAVISTOCK

Tavistock and thereupon came back to See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England . In See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign politics See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord John See also:

• RUSSELL (FAMILY)
• RUSSELL, ISRAEL COOK (1852- )
• RUSSELL, JOHN (1745-1806)
• RUSSELL, JOHN (d. 1494)
• RUSSELL, JOHN RUSSELL, 1ST EARL (1792-1878)
• RUSSELL, JOHN SCOTT (1808–1882)
• RUSSELL, LORD WILLIAM (1639–1683)
• RUSSELL, SIR WILLIAM HOWARD
• RUSSELL, THOMAS (1762-1788)
• RUSSELL, WILLIAM CLARK (1844– )

Russell's oratorical talents were especially shown in his struggles to prevent the See also:

• UNION
• UNION (known locally as Union Hill and officially as Town of Union)

union of See also:

• NORWAY
• NORWAY (Norge)

Norway and See also:

• SWEDEN
• SWEDEN [Sverige]
• SWEDEN, NORWAY AND

Sweden . In domestic questions he See also:

• CAST (from the verb meaning " to throw "; the word is Scand. in origin, cf. Dan. kaste, and Swed. kasta; " cast " in Middle Eng. took the place of the A.S. weor pan, cf. Ger. werf en)

cast in his See also:

• LOT
• LOT (Lat. Oltis)

lot with those who opposed the repressive See also:

• MEASURES

measures of 1817, and protested that the causes of the discontent at See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home should be removed by remedial legislation . When failure attended all his efforts he resigned his seat for Tavistock in See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1817, and meditated permanent withdrawal from public See also:

• LIFE

life, but was dissuaded from this step by the arguments of his See also:

• FRIENDS, SOCIETY
• FRIENDS, SOCIETY OF

friends, and especially by a poetic See also:

• APPEAL

appeal from his friend Tom See also:

• MOORE, A
• MOORE, ALBERT JOSEPH (1841–1893)
• MOORE, EDWARD (1712–1757)
• MOORE, GEORGE (1853– )
• MOORE, GEORGE FOOT (1851– )
• MOORE, HENRY (1831–1895)
• MOORE, JOHN (1729-1802)
• MOORE, SIR JOHN (1761-1809)
• MOORE, THOMAS (1779-1852)

Moore . In the See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

parliament of 1818-2o he again represented the See also:

• FAMILY

family borough in See also:

• DEVON, EARLS OF

Devon, and in May 1819 began his See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long advocacy of See also:

• PARLIAMENTARY

parliamentary reform by moving for an inquiry into the corruption which prevailed in the Cornish See also:

• CONSTITUENCY (from " constituent," that which forms a necessary part of a thing; Lat. constituere, to create)

constituency of See also:

• GRAMPOUND

Grampound . During the first parliament (1820-26) of See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George IV. he sat for the See also:

• COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

county of See also:

• HUNTINGDON
• HUNTINGDON, EARLS OF
• HUNTINGDON, SELINA HASTINGS, COUNTESS OF (1707—1791)

Huntingdon, and secured in 1821 the disfranchisement of Grampound, but the seats were not transferred to the constituency which he desired . Lord John Russell paid the See also:

• PENALTY (Lat. poena, punishment)

penalty for his advocacy of See also:

• CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic emancipation with the loss in 1826 of his seat for Huntingdon county, but he found a shelter in the Irish borough of See also:

• BANDON, or BANDONBRIDGE

Bandon See also:

• BRIDGE

Bridge . He led the attack against the Test Acts by carrying in See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 1828 with a See also:

• MAJORITY (Fr. majorite; Med. Lat. majoritas; Lat. major, greater)

majority of See also:

• FORTY

forty-four a See also:

• MOTION (Lat. motio, from movere, to move)
• MOTION, LAWS OF

motion for a See also:

• COMMITTEE (from commute, an Anglo-Fr. past participle of commettre, Lat. committere, to entrust; the modern Fr. equivalent comite is derived from the Eng.)

committee to inquire into their operations, and after this decisive victory they were repealed (gth of May 1828) .

He warmly supported the See also:

• WELLINGTON
• WELLINGTON, ARTHUR WELLESLEY, 1ST DUKE OF (1769-1852)

Wellington See also:

• MINISTRY

ministry when it realized that the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king's See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government could only be carried on by the passing of a Catholic See also:

• RELIEF

Relief See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

Act (See also:

• APRIL

April 1829) . For the greater See also:

• PART

part of the See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short-lived parliament of 1830-31 he served his old constituency of Tavistock, having been beaten in a contest for Bedford county at the See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general See also:

• ELECTION
• ELECTION (from Lat. eligere, to pick out)

election by one See also:

• VOTE

vote; and when Lord See also:

• GREY, CHARLES GREY, 2ND EARL (1764-1845)
• GREY, HENRY GREY, 3RD EARL (1802-1894)
• GREY, LADY JANE (1537-1554)
• GREY, SIR EDWARD
• GREY, SIR GEORGE (1812–1898)

Grey's Reform ministry was formed, in See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 183o, Lord John Russell accepted the See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office of paymaster-general without a seat in the See also:

• CABINET

cabinet . This exclusion was the more remarkable in that he was chosen (1st of March 1831) to explain the See also:

• PRO

pro-visions of the Reform See also:

• BILL

Bill, to which the cabinet had given its formal See also:

• SANCTION (Lat. sanctia, from sancire, to decree or ordain)

sanction . The Whig ministry was soon defeated, but an appeal to the See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country increased the number of their adherents, and Lord John Russell was returned by the freeholders of Devon . After many a See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period of doubt and defeat, " the bill, the whole bill, and nothing but the bill " passed into See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law (7th of See also:

• JUNE

June 1832), and Lord John stood forth in the mind of the See also:

• PEOPLE

people as its See also:

• CHAMPION (Fr. champion, Late Lat. campio from campus; a field or open space, i.e. one " who takes the field " or fights; cf. Ger. Kampf, battle, and Kampfer, fighter)

champion . After the passing of the Reform Bill he sat for the S. See also:

• DIVISION (from Lat. dividere, to break up into parts, separate)

division of Devon, and continued to retain the See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place of paymaster-general in the ministries of Lord Grey and Lord See also:

• MELBOURNE
• MELBOURNE, WILLIAM LAMB, 2ND VISCOUNT (1779-1848)

Melbourne . The former of these cabinets was broken up by the withdrawal of Mr See also:

• STANLEY (FAMILY)
• STANLEY, ARTHUR PENRHYN (18x5–1881)
• STANLEY, EDWARD (1779-1849)
• STANLEY, SIR HENRY MORTON (184o-1904)
• STANLEY, SIR WILLIAM (1548-163o)
• STANLEY, THOMAS (1625-1678)

Stanley, afterwards Lord See also:

• DERBY
• DERBY, EARLS OF

Derby . Lord John Russell had visited See also:

• IRELAND
• IRELAND, CHURCH
• IRELAND, CHURCH OF
• IRELAND, JOHN (1761-1842)
• IRELAND, JOHN (1838- )
• IRELAND, WILLIAM HENRY (1777-1835)

Ireland in the autumn of 1833 and had come back with a keen conviction of the See also:

• NECESSITY (Lat. necessitas)

necessity for readjusting the revenues of the Irish See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church . To these views he gave expression in a debate on the Irish Tithe Bill (May 1834), whereupon Stanley, with the remark that " Johnny has upset the See also:

• COACH (through the Fr. coche, originally from the Magyar kocsi, an adjective from the Hungarian place named Kocs, between Raab and Buda, i.e. the sort of vehicle used there in the 15th century)

coach," resigned his place . The latter was abruptly, if not rudely, dismissed by See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William IV. when the See also:

• DEATH

death of Lord See also:

• SPENCER
• SPENCER, HERBERT (1820-1903)
• SPENCER, JOHN CHARLES SPENCER, 3RD EARL (1782-1845)
• SPENCER, JOHNPOYNTZ SPENCER
• SPENCER, WILLIAM ROBERT (1769-1834)

Spencer promoted the See also:

• LEADER, BENJAMIN WILLIAMS (1831– )

leader of the House of See also:

• COMMONS

Commons, Lord Althorp, to the See also:

• PEERAGE
• PEERAGE (Fr. pairage, med. Lat. paragium; M.E. Pere, 0. Fr. per, peer, later pair; Lat. Paris, " equal ")

peerage, and Lord John Russell was proposed as the spokesman of the ministry in the Commons (Nov . 1834) . At the general election which ensued the Tories received a considerable See also:

• ACCESSION (from Lat. accedere, to go to, to approach)

accession of strength, but not sufficient to ensure their continuance in office, and the See also:

• ADOPTION (Lat. adoptio, for adoptalio, from adoptare, to choose for oneself)

adoption by the House of Commons of the proposition, that the surplus funds of the Irish church should be applied to general See also:

• EDUCATION

education, necessitated the resignation of See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• ROBERT
• ROBERT (1275—1343)
• ROBERT, HUBERT (1753-1808)
• ROBERT, LOUIS LEOPOLD (1794-1835)

Robert See also:

• PEEL
• PEEL, ARTHUR WELLESLEY PEEL, 1ST VISCOUNT (1829- )
• PEEL, SIR ROBERT, BART

Peel's ministry (April 1835) .

In Lord Melbourne's new See also:

• ADMINISTRATION (Lat. administrare, to serve)

administration Lord John Russell became home secretary and leader of the House of Commons, but on his seeking a renewal of confidence from the See also:

• ELECTORS (Ger. Kurfursten, from Kilren, O.H.G. kiosan, choose, elect, and Furst, prince)

electors of See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

South Devon, he was defeated and driven to See also:

• STROUD

Stroud . The Whig ministry succeeded in passing a Municipal Reform Bill (7th of See also:

• SEPT

Sept . 1835), and a See also:

• SETTLEMENT
• SETTLEMENT, ACT OF

settlement of the tithe question in England and Ireland (1836) . In May 1839, on an adverse motion concerning the administration of See also:

• JAMAICA

Jamaica, the ministry was See also:

• LEFT

left with a majority of five only, and promptly resigned . Sir Robert Peel's See also:

• ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt to See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form a ministry was, however, frustrated by the refusal of the See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

queen to dismiss the ladies of the bedchamber, and the Whigs -resumed their places with Lord John Russell as secretary of See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state for the colonies . Their prospects brightened when Sir John Yarde See also:

• BULLER, CHARLES (1806–1848)
• BULLER, SIR REDVERS HENRY (1839-1908)

Buller's motion of " no confidence " at the opening of the Session of 184o was defeated by twenty-one, but a similar vote was some months later carried by a majority of one, whereupon the Whig leader announced a See also:

• DISSOLUTION (from Lat. dissolvere, to break up into parts)

dissolution of parliament (June 1841) . At the polling-See also:

• BOOTH (connected with a Teutonic root meaning to dwell, whence also " bower ")
• BOOTH, BARTON (1681–1933)
• BOOTH, CHARLES (184o– )
• BOOTH, EDWIN [THOMAS] (1833–1893)

booth his friends sustained a crushing defeat; the return of Lord John Russell for the See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

City of London was almost their solitary See also:

• TRIUMPH (triumphus)

triumph . On Sir Robert Peel's resignation (1846) the task of forming an administration was entrusted to Lord John Russell, and he remained at the See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head of affairs from See also:

• JULY

July 1846 to Feb . 1852, but his See also:

• TENURE (Fr. tenure, from Lat. tenere, to hold)

tenure of office was not marked by any See also:

• GREAT

great legislative enactments . His celebrated See also:

• DURHAM
• DURHAM, JOHN GEORGE LAMBTON, 1ST EARL OF (1792–1840)

Durham See also:

• LETTER (through Fr. lettre from Lat. littera or litera, letter of the alphabet; the origin of the Latin word is obscure; it has probably no connexion with the root of linere, to smear, i.e. with wax, for an inscription with a stilus)

letter (4th of Nov . 185o) on the threatened See also:

• ASSUMPTION, FEAST OF

assumption of ecclesiastical titles by the See also:

• ROMAN

Roman Catholic bishops weakened the See also:

• ATTACHMENT

attachment of the " Peelites and alienated his Irish supporters . The See also:

• IMPOTENCE (Lat. impotentia, want of power)

impotence of their opponents, rather than the strength of their friends, kept the Whig ministry in See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power, and, although beaten by a majority of nearly two to one on Mr See also:

• LOCKE, GOTTFRIED CHRISTIAN FRIEDRICH (1791–1855)
• LOCKE, JOHN (1632-1704)
• LOCKE, MATTHEW (c. 1630-1677)

Locke King's County See also:

• FRANCHISE (from 0. Fr. franchise, freedom, franc, free)

Franchise Bill in February 1851, it could not divest itself of office .

Lord See also:

• PALMERSTON
• PALMERSTON, HENRY JOHN TEMPLE, 3RD VISCOUNT (1784-1865)

Palmerston's unauthorized recognition of the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French coup d'etat was followed by his dismissal from the See also:

• POST

post of foreign secretary (Dec . 1851), but he had his revenge in the See also:

• EJECTMENT (Lat. e, out, and jacere, to throw)

ejectment of his old colleagues in February 1852 . During Lord See also:

• ABERDEEN
• ABERDEEN, GEORGE GORDON, 1ST EARL O (1637-1720)
• ABERDEEN, GEORGE HAMILTON GORDON, 4TH EARL

Aberdeen's administration' Lord John Russell led the See also:

• LOWER

Lower House, at first as foreign secretary (to the 21st of February 1853), then without See also:

• PORTFOLIO (shortened form of Porto folio, adapted from the Ital. portafogli, portare, to carry, and fogli, sheets or leaves of paper, Lat. folium, leaf)

portfolio, and lastly as See also:

• PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

president of the See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council (June 1854) . In 1854 he brought in a Reform Bill, but in consequence of the See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war with See also:

• RUSSIA
• RUSSIA (Rossiya)

Russia the bill was allowed to drop . His popularity was diminished by this failure, and although he resigned in See also:

• JANUARY

January 1855, on Mr See also:

• ROEBUCK, JOHN (1718-1794)
• ROEBUCK, JOHN ARTHUR (1801-1879)

Roebuck's motion for an inquiry into the conduct of the war in the See also:

• CRIMEA (ancient Tauris or Tauric Chersonese, called by the Russians by the Tatar name Krym or Crim)

Crimea, he did not regain his old position in the country . At the See also:

• VIENNA (Ger. Wien; Lat. Vindobona)
• VIENNA, CONGRESS OF (1814-1815)

Vienna See also:

• CONFERENCE

conference (1855) Lord John Russell was England's representative, and immediately on his return he became secretary of the colonies (May 1855), but the errors in his negotiations at the See also:

• AUSTRIAN

Austrian See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital followed him and forced him to retire in July of the same See also:

• YEAR

year . For some years after this he was the " stormy See also:

• PETREL

petrel " of politics . He was the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief See also:

• INSTRUMENT (Lat. instrumentum, from insincere, to build up, furnish, arrange, prepare)

instrument in defeating Lord Palmerston in 1857 . He led the attack on the Tory Reform Bill of 1859 . A reconciliation was then effected between the See also:

• RIVAL

rival Whig leaders, and Lord John Russell consented to become foreign secretary in Lord Palmerston's ministry (186o) and to accept an earldom (July 1861) . During the See also:

• AMERICAN

American War See also:

• EARL

Earl Russell's sympathies with the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

North restrained his country from taking sides in the contest, and he warmly sympathized with the efforts for the unification of See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy, but he was not equally successful in preventing the spoliation of See also:

• DENMARK
• DENMARK (Danmark)

Denmark . On Lord Palmerston's death (See also:

• OCTOBER

October 1865) Earl Russell was once more summoned to form a cabinet, but the defeat of his ministry in the following June on the Reform Bill which they had introduced was followed by his retirement from public life .

His leisure See also:

• HOURS, CANONICAL

hours were spent after this event in the preparation of numberless letters and speeches, and in the See also:

• COMPOSITION
• COMPOSITION (Lat. compositio, from componere, to put together)

composition of his Recollections and Suggestions (1875), but everything he wrote was marked by the belief that all See also:

• PHILOSOPHY (Gr. gthos, fond of, and vo4 (a, wisdom)

philosophy, See also:

• POLITICAL

political or social, was summed up in the Whig creed of fifty years previously . Earl Russell died at See also:

• PEMBROKE
• PEMBROKE (Penfro)
• PEMBROKE, EARLS OF

Pembroke See also:

• LODGE
• LODGE, EDMUND (1756-1839)
• LODGE, H
• LODGE, HENRY CABOT (1850– )
• LODGE, SIR OLIVER JOSEPH (1851– )
• LODGE, THOMAS (c. 1558–1625)

Lodge, See also:

• RICHMOND
• RICHMOND, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• RICHMOND, LEGH (1772-1827)
• RICHMOND, SIR WILLIAM BLAKE (1842– )

Richmond See also:

• PARK (Fr. part; Ital. parco; Sp. Marque; O.Eng. pearroc; connected with Ger. pferch, fold, and pfarrei, district, translating med. Lat. parochia, parish)
• PARK, EDWARDS AMASA (1808–1900)
• PARK, MUNGO (1771-1806?)

Park, 28th May 1878 . Earl Russell was twice married—first in 1835, to See also:

• ADELAIDE
• ADELAIDE (Ger. Adelheid) (931-999)

Adelaide, daughter of Mr See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas See also:

• LISTER, JOSEPH LISTER
• LISTER, MARTIN (c. 1638-1712)

Lister, and widow of Thomas, second Lord Ribblesdale, and secondly, in 1841, to See also:

• LADY (0. Eng. hlaefdige, Mid. Eng. ldfdi, lavedi; the first part of the word is hldf, loaf, bread, as in the corresponding hldford, lord; the second part is usually taken to be from the root dig-, to knead, seen also in " dough "; the sense development fr

Lady Frances See also:

• ANN

Ann Maria, daughter of See also:

• GILBERT
• GILBERT (KINGSMILL) ISLANDS
• GILBERT (or GYLBERDE), WILLIAM (1544-1603)
• GILBERT, ALFRED (1854– )
• GILBERT, ANN (1821-1904)
• GILBERT, GROVE KARL (1843– )
• GILBERT, J
• GILBERT, JOHN (1810-1889)
• GILBERT, MARIE DOLORES ELIZA ROSANNA [" LOLA MONTEZ "] (1818-1861)
• GILBERT, NICOLAS JOSEPH LAURENT (1751–1780)
• GILBERT, SIR HUMPHREY (c. 1539-1583)
• GILBERT, SIR JOSEPH HENRY (1817-1901)
• GILBERT, SIR WILLIAM SCHWENK (1836– )

Gilbert, second earl of See also:

• MINTO, EARLS OF
• MINTO, WILLIAM (1845-1893)

Minto . By the former he had two daughters, by the latter three sons and one daughter . His eldest son, Lord Amberley, who married a daughter of the second See also:

• BARON
• BARON (1835-1895)
• BARON, MICHEL (1653—1729)

Baron Stanley of Alderley, predeceased him on the 9th of January 1876, and their eldest son (b . 1865) succeeded as second Earl Russell . Lord Russell played some part as an author . His tales, tragedies and essays (including The See also:

• NUN (O. Eng. nunne, from Lat. nonnus, nonna, familiar terms for an old man or woman)

Nun of Arrouca, 1822, and Essays and Sketches by a See also:

• GENTLEMAN (from Lat. gentilis, " belonging to a race or gens," and " man "; Fr. gentilhomme, Span. gentil hombre, Ital. gentil huomo, in its original and strict signification, a term denoting a man of good family, the Lat. generosus (its invariable transl

Gentleman who has left his Lodgings, 182o) are for-gotten, but his See also:

• HISTORICAL

historical See also:

• WORKS

works, Life of William Lord Russell (1819), See also:

• MEMOIRS

Memoirs of the Affairs of See also:

• EUROPE

Europe (1824-29, 2 vols.), See also:

• CORRESPONDENCE
• CORRESPONDENCE (from med. scholastic Lat. correspondentia, corrcspondere, compounded of Lat. cum, with, and respond ere, to answer; cf. Fr. correspondance)

Correspondence of John, 4th Duke of Bedford (1842-46, 3 vols.), Memorials and Correspondence of C . J . See also:

• FOX
• FOX, C
• FOX, CHARLES JAMES (1749-1806)
• FOX, EDWARD (c. 1496-1538)
• FOX, GEORGE (1624-1691)
• FOX, RICHARD (c. 1448-1528)
• FOX, ROBERT WERE (1789—1877)
• FOX, SIR STEPHEN (1627–1716)
• FOX, SIR WILLIAM (1812-1893)

Fox (1853-57, 4 vols.) and Life and Times of C . J . Fox (1859-66, 3 vols.) are among the chief authorities on Whig politics .

He also edited the Memoirs, See also:

• JOURNAL
• JOURNAL (through Fr. from late Lat. diurnalis, daily)

Journal and Correspondence of Thomas Moore (1853-56, 8 vols.) . The chief See also:

• BIOGRAPHY (from the Gr. (3ios, life, and yp&4 , writing)

biography is that by Sir Spencer See also:

• WALPOLE, HORATIO
• WALPOLE, SIR SPENCER (1839-1907)

Walpole (1891, 2 vols.) . The See also:

• VOLUME

volume by See also:

• STUART, ARABELLA (1575-1615)
• STUART, GILBERT (1755-x828)
• STUART, JAMES EWELL BROWN (1833-1864)
• STUART, JOHN
• STUART, MOSES (1780-1852)
• STUART, SIR JOHN, COUNT

Stuart J . See also:

• REID, ROBERT (1862– )
• REID, SIR GEORGE (1841- )
• REID, SIR ROBERT GILLESPIE (184o-19o8)
• REID, SIR WILLIAM (1791-1858)
• REID, THOMAS (1710-1796)
• REID, THOMAS MAYNE (1818-1883)
• REID, WHITELAW (1837- )

Reid (1895, " See also:

• PRIME, PRIMER AND PRIMING

Prime Ministers of Queen See also:

• VICTORIA
• VICTORIA (or VITTORIA), TOMMASSO LUDOVICO DA (C. I540-C. 1613)
• VICTORIA [ALEXANDRINA VICTORIA]

Victoria" See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

Series) should also be consulted . (W . P .