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SACRAMENTALS (Sacramentalia)

SACRAMENTARIANS

SACRIFICE (from Lat. sacrificium; sacer, holy, and facere, to make)

SACRISTY (through Fr. sacrist-le, from med. Lat. sacristies or sacristina)

JOHANNES DE [Joni.' IIOLYWOOD] SACRO BOSCO (d. 1244 or 1256)

SADDLE (a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Sattel, Dut. zadel, also in Russ. siedlo and Lat. sella, for sedla; it is not derived directly from Lat. sedile, which means a chair, but all the words are to be referred to the root sad-, which gives

COUNT DONATIEN ALPHONSE FRANCOIS SADE

SADLER (or SADLEIR), SIR RALPH (1507-1587)

MICHAEL THOMAS SADLER (1780-1835)

JACOPO SADOLETO (1477-1547)

JARGEN SADOLIN (c. 1499-1559)

SADOWA (Czech, S6dovd)

SAEPINUM (mod. Altilia, near Sepino)

SAFED KOH (" white mountain ")

SAFFLOWER (ultimately from the Arabic safra, yellow)

SAFFRON (Arab. za'faran)

SAGA (literally a story committed to writing)

PRAXEDES MATEO SAGASTA (1827—1903)

RUSSELL SAGE (1816-1906)

SAGITTA (" the arrow " or " dart ")

SAGITTARIUS (" the archer ")

SAHOS, or SHOHOS

SAID PASHA (c. 183o- )

SAID PASHA KURD (1834-1907)

SAIGA (Saiga tatarica)

TAKAMORI SAIGO (1832-1877)

SAINT (lat. sanctus, " holy ")

COMTE DE ALEXANDER CHARLES OMER ROUSSELIN DE CORBEAU SAINT ALBIN (1773-1847)

ANDRE JEANBON SAINT ANDRE (1749-1813)

JACQUES SAINT ANDRE

JACQUES LEROY DE SAINT ARNAUD (1801-1854)

KNIGHTS OF SAINT JOHN OF JERUSALEM

SAINT JOHNSBURY

CHEVALIER FRANCOIS EMMANUEL GUIGNARD SAINT PRIEST

JOSEPH XAVIER SAINTINE (1798-1865)

PROSPER PHILIPPE CATHERINE SAINTON (1813-1890)

BATTLE OF THE SAINTS

GEORGE EDWARD BATEMAN SAINTSBURY (1845- )

SAIS (Egyptian Sai)

BERNARD SAISSET (d. c. 1314)

EMILE EDMOND SAISSET (1814-1863)

SAKHALIN, or SAGHALIEN

GEORGE AUGUSTUS HENRY SALA (1828-1895)

SALAAM (Arab. salam, " peace ")

SALAD (Med. Lat. salata, salted, pickled, salare, to sprinkle with salt)

SALADIN (Arab. Sala-ud-din, " Honouring the Faith ") (1138—1193)

SALAMANCA (anc. Salmantica or Elmantica)

SIR SALAR JUNG (1829-1883)

ALONSO JERONIMO DE SALAS BARBADILLO (c. 1580-1635)

SALAS, or SAN MARTIN DE SALAS

FRIEDRICH CHRISTOPH VON SALDERN (1719-1785)

GEORGE SALE (c. 1697-1736)

SIR ROBERT HENRY SALE (1782—1845)

SALEP (Arab. sahleb, Gr. 6pxts)

SALERNO (anc. Salernum)

SALESBURY (or SALISBURY), WILLIAM (c. 1520-c. 1600)

SALEYER (Dutch, Saleijer)

ANTOINE CHRISTOPHE SALICETI (1757-1809)

C13H1807 SALICINUM SALICIN

SALICYLIC ACID (ortho-hydroxybenzoic acid)

ANTONIO SALIERI (1750-1825)

EARLS OF SALISBURY

3RD MARQUESS OF ROBERT ARTHUR TALBOT GASCOYNECECIL SALISBURY (1830-1903)

1ST EARL OF ROBERT CECIL SALISBURY (c. 1565-1612)

4TH EARL OF THOMAS DE MONTACUTE SALISBURY (1388-1428)

WILLIAM LONGSWORD SALISBURY (or LONGESPEE), EARL OF (d. 1226)

SALLUST [Gams SALLUSTIUS CRlspus] (86–34 B.c.)

CLAUDIUS SALMASIUS

NICOLAS SALMERON Y ALFONSO (1838-1908)

GEORGE SALMON (1819-1904)

SALONIKA SALONICA

SALSAFY, or SALSIFY

SALSETTE (=" sixty-six villages ")

SALT (a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch zout, Ger. Salz, Scand. salt; cognate with Gr. &Xs, Lat. sal)

BART SIR TITUS SALT

SALTA (Italian for " jump!")

SALTBURN BY THE SEA

SALTCOATS (pop. 8120)

JOHN WILLIAM SALTER (1820-1869)

SALTPETRE (from the Lat. sal, salt, Petra, a rock)

SALTYKOV (STCHEDRIN), MICHAEL EVGRAFOVICH (1826-(1889)

SALUTATIONS, or GREETINGS

SALVADOR, or SAN SALVADOR (Republica del Salvador)

SALVAGE (from Lat. salvus, safe)

NARCISSE ACHILLE SALVANDY (1795-1856)

TOMMASO SALVINI (1829– )

SALYES (Gr. EaXvec: also SALLYES, SALYI, SALLUV77)

HERMANN VON SALZA (c. 1170-1239)

ALBERT VICTOR SAMAIN (1858-1900)

FELIX MARIA DE SAMANIEGO (1745-1801)

EDWARD LINLEY SAMBOURNE (1844-1910)

SAMBUQUE SAMBUE SAMBUUT SAMBUTE SAMBUCA

SAMNAN, SEMNAN, or SEMNAN

SAMOSATA (Eau6vara, -arum, Ptol. v. 15 § r 1 ; Strabo xvi. 749)

SAMOTHRACE (Turk. Semadrek)

SAMOVAR (Russ. samovar*, an urn for making tea after the Russian fashion; it is usually of copper, and is kept boiling by a tube filled with live charcoal passing through the centre. The word is usually taken in Russia to mean " self-boiler " (samu, self,

SAMPIERDARENA (San Pier d'Arena, i.e. St Peter of the Sands)

SAMPLE (through the O. Fr. essemple, from Lat. exemplum; a doublet of " example ")

WILLIAM THOMAS SAMPSON (1840–1902)

SAMSON (1135-1211)

SAMSON (cf. Heb. shemesh, " sun ")

JOSEPH ISIDORE SAMSON (1793-1871)

SAMSUN (anc. Antisus)

SAMUEL OF NEHARDEA

SAN ANTONIO DE LOS BANOS

SAN CRISTOBAL (formerly called SAN CRISTOBAL DE Los LLANOS, CIUDAD DE LAS CASAS, and CIUDAD REAL)

SAN JOSE, or SAN JOSE DE COSTA RICA

SAN JUAN (SAN JUAN BAUTISTA DE PUERTO RIco)

SAN JUAN (or HARD) ISLANDS

SAN LUCAR (or SANLO'CAR DE BARRAMEDA)

SAN LUIS POTOSI

SAN MIGUEL DE MAYUMO

SAN NICOLAS DE LOS ARROYOS

SAN SEBASTIAN (Basque Iruchulo)

SAN SEPOLCRO, or BORGO S

SAN SEVERINO (anc. Septempeda)

SANATORIUM (a modern Latinism, formed from sanare, to cure, restore to health, sanus, whole, healthy, well; often wrongly spelled sanatarium or sanitarium)

SANATRUCES (Sinatruces, Pers. Sanatruk)

SANCHUNIATHON (Gr. form of Phoenician Sakkun-yathon, " the god Sakkun has given ")

WILLIAM SANCROFT (1616-1693)

SANCTI SPIRITUS

SANCTION (Lat. sanctia, from sancire, to decree or ordain)

FRANCESCO DE SANCTIS (1817-1883)

SANCTUARY (from the late Lat. sanctuarium, a sacred place)

SEIGNEUR DE NICOLAS DE HARLAY SANCY (1546-1629)

SAND OR QUICKSAND

GEORGE SAND (1804-1876)

SANDAL (from the Latinized form of Gr. vavb4Atov or vav&aAov: this probably represents the Persian sandal, slipper; it is not to be referred to Gr. stasis, board)

SANDALWOOD (from Fr. sandal, santal, Gr. oitvraXov, atw&sXov, Pers. sandal, chandan, Skt. chandana, the sandal tree; the form " sanders " is probably an English corruption)

SANDARACH (Fr. sandaraque, Lat. sandaraca, Gr. ravbapbsrl, realgar or red sulphide of arsenic, cf. Pers. sandarus, Skt. sindura, realgar)

KARL LUDWIG FRIDOLIN VON SANDBERGER (1826-1898)

PAUL SANDBY (1725-1809)

LEONARD SYLVAIN JULIEN [JULES] SANDEAU (1811-1883)

SIR ROBERT GROVES SANDEMAN (1835-1892)

DANIEL SANDERS (1819-1896)

NICHOLAS SANDERS (c. 1530-1581)

ROBERT SANDERSON (1587-1663)

JOHN DE SANDFORD (d. 1294)

SANDOMIR, or SEDOMIERZ

SANDOR [ALEXANDER] KISFALUDY (1772-1844)

SANDPIPER (Ger. Sandpfeifer)

JOACHIM VON SANDRART (s6o6-1688)

SANDWICH, EDWARD MONTAGU, or MOUNTAGU, 1ST EARL OF (1625–1672)

4TH EARL OF JOHN MONTAGU SANDWICH (1718–1792)

FREDERICK SANDYS (1832-1904)

GEORGE SANDYS (1578-1644)

SIR EDWIN SANDYS (1561-1629)

JOHN SANGER (1816–1889)

PRINCE SANETOMI SANJO (1837-1891)

SANKARA ACHARYA (c. 789-820)

MICHELE SANMICHELE (1484-1559)

JACOPO SANNAZARO (1458-1530)

CHARLES HENRI SANSON (b. 1739)

NICOLAS SANSON (1600-1667)

ANDREA CONTUCCI DEL MONTE SANSOVINO (1460-1529)

JACOPO SANSOVINO (1477—1570)

SANTA CATHARINA

SANTA CLARA (or VILLA-CLARA)

SANTA CRUZ DE TENERIFE, or DE SANTIAGO

1ST ALVARO DE BAZAN SANTA CRUZ

SANTA MARIA (DA BoccA DO MONTE)

SANTA MARIA DI LICODIA

SANTA MAURA, or LEUCADIA (AevK&&a, ancient Aevt&s)

SANTAL (or SONTHAL) PARGANAS, THE

SANTANDER (ancient Portus Blendium or Fanum S. Andreae)

COUNT OF ANNIBALE SANTORRE DI ROSSI DE POMAROLO SANTAROSA (1783-1825)

ANTOINE JOSEPH SANTERRE (1752-1809)

JEAN BAPTISTE SANTERRE (1650-1717)

SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA, or SANTIAGO (formerly written in English St Jago de Compostella and sometimes Compostello)

SANTIAGO DE CUBA

SANTIAGO DE LAS VEGAS

SANTIAGO DEL ESTERO

SANTIAGO, or SANTIAGO DE CHILE

GIOVANNI SANTINI (1787-1877)

SIR CHARLES SANTLEY (1834- )

SANTO DOMINGO [SAN DOMINGO, DOMINICAN REPUBLIC, or officially REPUBLICA DoMINICANA]

SANTORIN (corruption of St Irene; anc. THERA)

SANUTO (SANUDO), MARINO

SANUTO (or SANUTO), MARINO

SAPAN WOOD (Malay sapang)

SAPPHICS SAPPHIC METRE

SAPPHO (7th–6th centuries B.C.)

i.e. " the manufacturer or seller of silk "] Harizi not only al-liariri who is also the author SAR1RI [Abu Mabommed ul-Qasim ibn 'Ali ibn Mabommed hero and of the narrator (I054-I122)

SARABAND (Ital. Sarabanda, Zarabanda; Fr. Sarabande)

GIUSEPPE SARACCO (1821-1907)

SARAGOSSA (Zaragoza)

COUNCILS OF SARAGOSSA (Concilia Caesarauguslana)

PABLO MARTIN MELITON DE SARASATE Y NAVASCUES (1844-1908)

SARASIN, or SARRAZIN, JEAN FRANCOIS (1611?-1654)

SARATOGA SPRINGS

BATTLES OF SARATOGA

ADRIAN SARAVIA (1531—1613)

FRANCISQUE SARCEY (1827-1899)

SARCOCARP (Gr. aapE, flesh, Kaplros, fruit)

SARCOPHAGUS (Gr. vapsorg yos, literally " flesh-eating," from vapt, flesh, ¢ayeiv, to eat)

SARDANAPALUS, or SARDANAPALLUS

COUNCIL OF SARDICA

SARDINIA (Gr. 'IXs'o"uva, from a fancied resemblance to a footprint in its shape, Ital. Sardegna)

VICTORIEN SARDOU (1831-1908)

JOHN SINGER SARGENT (1856– )