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SAFFLOWER (ultimately from the Arabic safra, yellow) or See also: BASTARD See also: SAFFRON (Carthamus tinctorius), a plant of the natural See also: order See also: compositae; its See also: flowers See also: form the basis of the safflower dye of commerce
.
The plant is a native of the See also: East Indies, but is cultivated in See also: Egypt and to some extent in See also: southern See also: Europe
.
To obtain the dyeing principle—carthamin, C14H14Or—the flowers are first washed to See also: free them from a soluble yellow colouring See also: matter they contain; they are then dried and powdered, and digested in an alkaline solution in which pieces of clean See also: white
See also: cotton are immersed
.
The alkaline solution having been neutralized with weak acetic acid, the cotton is removed and washed in another alkaline solution
.
When this second solution is neutralized with acid, carthamin in a pure condition is precipitated as a dark red powder
.
It forms a brilliant but fugitive See also: scarlet dye for See also: silk, but is principally used for preparing See also: toilet See also: rouge
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