See also:

• SAFFLOWER (ultimately from the Arabic safra, yellow)

SAFFLOWER (ultimately from the Arabic safra, yellow)  or See also:

• BASTARD (O. Fr. bastard, mod. bdtard = fits de bast, "pack-saddle child," from bast, saddle)

BASTARD See also:

• SAFFRON (Arab. za'faran)

SAFFRON (Carthamus tinctorius), a plant of the natural See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order See also:

• COMPOSITAE

compositae; its See also:

• FLOWERS, ARTIFICIAL

flowers See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form the basis of the See also:

• SAFFLOWER (ultimately from the Arabic safra, yellow)

safflower dye of See also:

• COMMERCE
• COMMERCE (Lat. commercium, from, cum, together, and rnerx, merchandise)

commerce . The plant is a native of the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East Indies, but is cultivated in See also:

• EGYPT

Egypt and to some extent in See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern See also:

• EUROPE

Europe . To obtain the See also:

• DYEING (0. Eng. dedgian, dealt ; Mid. Eng. deyen)

dyeing principle—carthamin, C14H14Or—the flowers are first washed to See also:

• FREE

free them from a soluble yellow colouring See also:

• MATTER

matter they contain; they are then dried and powdered, and digested in an alkaline See also:

• SOLUTION (from Lat. solvere, to loosen, dissolve)

solution in which pieces of clean See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white See also:

• COTTON
• COTTON (Fr. coton; from Arab. qutun)
• COTTON, CHARLES (163o–1687)
• COTTON, GEORGE EDWARD LYNCH (1813–1866)
• COTTON, JOHN (1585–1652)
• COTTON, SIR ROBERT BRUCE

cotton are immersed . The alkaline solution having been neutralized with weak acetic See also:

• ACID (from the Lat. root ac-, sharp; acere, to be sour)

acid, the cotton is removed and washed in another alkaline solution . When this second solution is neutralized with acid, carthamin in a pure See also:

• CONDITION (Lat. condicio, from condicere, to agree upon, arrange; not connected with conditio, from condere, conditum, to put together)

condition is precipitated as a dark red See also:

• POWDER (through O. Fr. puldre, modern poudre, from Lat. pulvis, pulveris, dust)

powder . It forms a brilliant but fugitive See also:

• SCARLET

scarlet dye for See also:

• SILK

silk, but is principally used for preparing See also:

• TOILET

toilet See also:

• ROUGE (" red," from Lat. rubeus)

rouge .