SAHARANPUR  , a

city and district of British India, in the Meerut division of the United Provinces . The city is situated on a stream called the Damaula Nadi, 907 ft. above sea-level, 998 m. by rail from Calcutta . Pop . (1901) 66,254, of whom more than half are Mahommedans . It is an important junction of the North-Western railway with the Oudh and Rohilkhand line . The government botanical gardens were established in 1817 . There are railway workshops, and a large industry is pursued in wood-carving . The DISTRICT of SAHARANPUR has an area of 2228 sq. m . It forms the most northerly portion of the Doab, ,or alluvial tableland between the Ganges and Jumna . The Siwalik hills rise precipitously on its northern frontier; at their base stretches a wild submontane tract, with much forest and jungle . Cultivation generally in this part is backward, the surface of the country being broken by ravines . South of this tract lies the broad alluvial plain of the Doab, with fertile soil and good natural water-supply .

This portion of the country is divided into parallel tracts by numerous streams from the . Siwaliks, while the Eastern Jumna and Ganges canals

cover the district with a network of irrigation channels . The annual rainfall averages about 37 in . The population in 1901 was 1,045,230, showing an increase of 4.4% in the decade . The principal crops are wheat, rice, pulse, millet, and maize, with some sugar-cane and cotton . The district contains the towns of Roorkee and Hardwar . During the later years of the Mogul empire, Saharanpur suffered much from the perpetual raids of the Sikhs, but in 1785 the district under Ghulam Kadir enjoyed comparative tranquillity . On his death the country fell into the hands of the Mahrattas . It was afterwards again overrun by the Sikhs, remaining practically in their hands until their defeat at Charaou November 1804, when it passed under British rule . Several disturbances subsequently took place among the native chiefs; but from 1824 to 1857 nothing occurred to disturb the peace of the district . The Mutiny in this part was soon quelled .