See also:

• SALVADOR, or SAN SALVADOR (Republica del Salvador)

SALVADOR, or See also:

• SAN

SAN SALVADOR (Republica del Salvador)  , the smallest but most densely peopled of the republics of Central See also:

• AMERICA

America, bounded on the N. and E. by See also:

• HONDURAS

Honduras, S. by the Pacific Ocean, and W. by See also:

• GUATEMALA (sometimes incorrectly written GUATIMALA)
• GUATEMALA, or GUATEMALA LA NUEVA (i.e. " New Guatemala," sometimes written Nueva Guatemala, and formerly Santiago de los Caballeros de Guatemala)

Guatemala . (For See also:

• MAP
• MAP (or MAPES), WALTER (d. c. 1208/9)

map, see CENTRAL AMERICA.) Pop . (1906) 1,116,253; See also:

• AREA

area, about 7225 sq. m . See also:

• SALVADOR, or SAN SALVADOR (Republica del Salvador)

Salvador has a coastline extending for about 16o m. from the mouth of the Rio de la Paz to that of the Goascoran in the See also:

• BAY

Bay of See also:

• FONSECA, AMAPALA
• FONSECA, MANOEL DEODORO DA (1827-1892)

Fonseca (q.v.) . Its length from E. to W. is 140 m., and its See also:

• AVERAGE

average breadth about 6o m . See also:

• PHYSICAL

Physical Features.—With the exception of a comparatively narrow seaboard of See also:

• LOW, SETH (1850- )
• LOW, WILL HICOK (1853- )

low alluvial plains, the See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country consists mainly of a See also:

• PLATEAU (a French term, older platel, for a flat piece of wood, metal, &c., from plat, flat)
• PLATEAU, JOSEPH ANTOINE FERDINAND (1801-1883)

plateau about 2000 ft. above the See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea, broken by a large number of volcanic cones . These are geologically of more See also:

• RECENT

recent origin than the See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main See also:

• CHAIN (through the O. Fr. citable, chcene, &c., from Lat. catena)

chain of the See also:

• CORDILLERA

Cordillera which rises farther N . The See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal See also:

• RIVER

river of the See also:

• REPUBLIC (Lat. respublica, a commonweal or common-wealth)

republic is the Rio Lempa, which, rising just beyond the frontier of Guatemala and See also:

• CROSSING

crossing a corner of Honduras, enters Salvador N. of Citala . After receiving the surplus See also:

• WATERS, TERRITORIAL

waters of the See also:

• LAGUNA, or LA LAGUNA

Laguna de Guija, it flows E. through a magnificent valley See also:

• BET

bet*een the plateau and the Cordillera, and then turning S. skirts the See also:

• BASE

base of the See also:

• VOLCANO

volcano of Siguatepeque and reaches the Pacific in 88° 4o' W . Among its numerous tributaries are the Rio See also:

• SANTA

Santa See also:

• ANA

Ana, rising near the See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city of that name, the Asalguate, which passes the See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital See also:

• SAN

San Salvador, the Sumpul, and the Torola, draining the N.E. of Salvador and See also:

• PART

part of Honduras . The Lempa is for two-thirds established in the suburbs of the capital an agricultural See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

college and See also:

• MODEL (0. Fr. modelle, mod. modele; It. modello, pattern, mould; from Lat. modus, measure, standard)

model See also:

• FARM

farm . See also:

• MINING

Mining.—In the Cordillera, which runs through Salvador, there are See also:

• VEINS

veins of various metals—See also:

• GOLD
• GOLD [symbol Au, atomic weight 195.7(H = 1),197.2(0 =16)]

gold, See also:

• SILVER

silver, See also:

• COPPER (symbol Cu, atomic weight 63.1, H=1, or 63.6, O = 16)

copper, See also:

• MERCURY
• MERCURY (MERCU1uus)
• MERCURY (symbol Hg, atomic weight = 2oo)

mercury and See also:

• LEAD
• LEAD (pronounced iced)

lead being found mostly in the E., and See also:

• IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

iron in the W .

See also:

• COAL

Coal has been discovered at various points in the valley of the Lempa . In the republic there are about 18o mining establishments, about See also:

• HALF

half of them ,being in the See also:

• DEPARTMENT (Fr. departement, from departir, to separate into parts)

department of Morazan; they are owned by See also:

• BRITISH

British, See also:

• UNITED

United States and Salvadorian companies . Only gold and silver are worked . The output, chiefly gold, was valued at £250,000 in 1907 . See also:

• COMMERCE
• COMMERCE (Lat. commercium, from, cum, together, and rnerx, merchandise)

Commerce.—The See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade of Salvador is almost entirely confined to the import of See also:

• COTTON
• COTTON (Fr. coton; from Arab. qutun)
• COTTON, CHARLES (163o–1687)
• COTTON, GEORGE EDWARD LYNCH (1813–1866)
• COTTON, JOHN (1585–1652)
• COTTON, SIR ROBERT BRUCE

cotton goods, woollen goods, sacks and machinery, and to the export of See also:

• COFFEE (Fr: cafe, Ger. Kaffee)

coffee and a few other agricultural products . In 1900 the formation of a statistical See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office was decreed . The average yearly value of the imports for the five years 1904-1908 was £804,000, of the exports £1,250,000 . The coffee exported in 1908 was valued at £830,000 . The imports, comprising foodstuffs, hardware, drugs, cottons, See also:

• SILK

silk and See also:

• YARN

yarn, come (in See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order of value) chiefly from See also:

• GREAT

Great See also:

• BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain, the United States, See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France and See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany; the exports are mostly to the United States and France . See also:

• SHIPPING

Shipping and Communications.—Until 1855 the roads of Salvador were little better than bridle-paths, and fords or ferries were the See also:

• SOLE (Solea)

sole means of crossing the larger See also:

• RIVERS
• RIVERS, ANTHONY WOODVILLE, or WYDEVILLE, 2ND EARL (c. 1442—1483)
• RIVERS, EARL
• RIVERS, RICHARD SAVAGE, 4TH EARL (c. 1660—1712)

rivers . During the next half-See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century about 2000 M. of highways were built, and the rivers were bridged . The first railway, a narrow-See also:

• GAUGE, or GAGE (Med. Lat. gauja, jaugia, Fr. jauge, perhaps connected with Fr. jale, a bowl, galon, gallon)

gauge See also:

• LINE

line, between the See also:

• PORT

port of Acajutla and See also:

• SONSONATE

Sonsonate, was opened in 1882, and afterwards extended to Ateos on the E. and Santa Ana on the N.W .

A railway from the capital to Nueva San Salvador was also constructed, and in 19oo was linked to the older'See also:

• SYSTEM

system by a line from Ateos to San Salvador . In 1903, a concession was granted for an See also:

• EXTENSION (Lat. ex, out ; tendere, to stretch)

extension from Nueva San Salvador to the port of La See also:

• LIBERTAD, or LA LIBERTAD

Libertad . From 350 to 450 vessels annually entered and cleared at Salvadorian ports (chiefly Acajutla, La Libertad and La See also:

• UNION
• UNION (known locally as Union Hill and officially as Town of Union)

Union), during the years 1895 to 1905 . The old port of Acajutla has been closed, and a new port opened in a more sheltered position about 1 m . N., where an iron See also:

• PIER (older forms per or Pere, from Med. Lat. pera; the word for piers out of water. For river piers, where a firm, watertight is of obscure origin, and the connexion with Fr. Pierre, Lat. stratum is found at a moderate depth below the river-bed, the pctr

pier, warehouses and See also:

• CUSTOM (from O. Fr. costume, costume or coustume; Low Lat. costuma, a shortened form of consuetudo)

custom-See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house have been erected . Salvador joined the postal union in 1879 . Currency and See also:

• CREDIT (Lat. credere, to believe)

Credit.—In 1910 there were three commercial See also:

• BANKS, GEORGE LINNAEUS (1821-1881)
• BANKS, NATHANIEL PRENTISS (1816–1894)
• BANKS, SIR JOSEPH
• BANKS, THOMAS (1735-1805)

banks and an agricultural See also:

• BANK

bank within the republic . In 1897 a See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law was passed adopting a gold See also:

• STANDARD
• STANDARD, BATTLE OF THE

standard . The currency of the country in 1910 consisted entirely of silver pesos, the fractional See also:

• MONEY

money under •900 See also:

• FINE

fine having, by arrangement with the See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government, been all exported by the banks . The peso or See also:

• DOLLAR

dollar at See also:

• PAR (Lat. par, equal)

par is valued at four shillings; its actual value was about Is . 8d. in 1910 . The metric system of weights and See also:

• MEASURES

measures was adopted by See also:

• DECREE (from the past participle, decretus, of Lat. decernere)

decree of See also:

• JANUARY

January 1886, but the old See also:

• SPANISH

Spanish weights and measures still continue in See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general use .

See also:

• FINANCE

Finance.—The See also:

• REVENUE
• REVENUE (0. Fr. revenu, from revenir, to return)

revenue is mainly derived from import and export duties, but considerable sums are also obtained from See also:

• EXCISE (derived through the Dutch, excijs or accijs, possibly from Late Lat. accensare,—ad, to, and census, tax; the word owes something to a confusion with excisum, cut out)

excise, and smaller amounts from stamps and other See also:

• SOURCES

sources . The principal branches of See also:

• EXPENDITURE

expenditure are the public See also:

• DEBT (Lat. debitum, a thing owed)

debt, See also:

• DEFENCE
• DEFENCE (Lat. defendere, to defend)

defence and See also:

• INTERNAL

internal See also:

• ADMINISTRATION (Lat. administrare, to serve)

administration . The See also:

• OFFICIAL (Late Lat. QJicialis, for class. Lat. apparitor, from officium, office, duty)

official figures showing the revenue and expenditure for the five years 1904-1908 are as follows (pesos being converted into See also:

• STERLING
• STERLING, ANTOINETTE (d. 1904)
• STERLING, JOHN (1806-1844)

sterling at the See also:

• RATE

rate of 12 to 4I):- Years . Revenue . Expenditure . 1904 675,000 734,000 1905 711,000 837,000 1906 707,000 1,024,000 1907 728,000 886,000 1908 1,064,000 1,019,000 The See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign debt, amounting to £726,420 (£240,000 of a 6% See also:

• LOAN (adapted from the Scandinavian form of a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Swed. Mn, Icel. lan, Dut. leen; the O.E. laen appears in " lend," the ultimate source is seen in the root of Gr. Xeiaecv and Lat. linquere, to leave)

loan of 1889, and £485,720 of another of 1892) was in 1899 converted into 5% See also:

• MORTGAGE

mortgage See also:

• DEBENTURES

debentures of the Salvador Railway See also:

• COMPANY

Company Limited, to which the government has guaranteed, for eighteen years from the 1st of January 1899, a fixed See also:

• ANNUAL

annual See also:

• SUBSIDY (through Fr. from Lat. subsidium, reserve troops, aid, assistance, from subsidere, literally " to sit or remain behind or in reserve,")

subsidy of £24,000 . In See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1908 a new foreign loan was raised, amounting to £I,000,000 .