SAMARIA  , an See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city of See also:

• PALESTINE

Palestine . The name Samaria is derived through the Gr . Zaia6peia from the See also:

• HEBREW

Hebrew 0-0,, " an outlook See also:

• HILL
• HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
• HILL, A
• HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
• HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
• HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
• HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
• HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
• HILL, JAMES J
• HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
• HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
• HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
• HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
• HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)

hill," or rather from the Aramaic See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form 170, whence. also comes the See also:

• ASSYRIAN

Assyrian form Samirina . According to r See also:

• KINGS, FIRST AND SECOND BOOKS OF

Kings xvi . 24, See also:

• OMRI

Omri, See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king of See also:

• ISRAEL (Hebrew for " God strives " or " rules "; see Gen. xxxii. 28; and the allusion in Hosea xii. 4)

Israel, bought Samaria from a certain Shemer (whose name is said to be the origin of that of the city), and transferred thither his See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital from Tirzah . But the city, as a superficial inspection of the site shows, must have existed as a See also:

• SETTLEMENT
• SETTLEMENT, ACT OF

settlement See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long before Omri, as potsherds of earlier date See also:

• LIE, JONAS LAURITZ EDEMIL (1833—1908)
• LIE, MARIUS SOPHUS (1842–1899)

lie scattered on the See also:

• SURFACE

surface . The city was occupied by See also:

• AHAB (in Heb. 'ah'(ib, " father's brother ")

Ahab, who here built a See also:

• TEMPLE
• TEMPLE, FREDERICK (1821-1902)
• TEMPLE, RICHARD
• TEMPLE, SIR RICHARD, BART
• TEMPLE, SIR WILLIAM, BART

temple to " See also:

• BAAL

Baal " (r Kings xvi . 32) and a See also:

• PALACE (Lat. Palatium, the name given by Augustus to his residence on the Palatine Hill)

palace of See also:

• IVORY (Fr. ivoire, Lat. ebur)
• IVORY, SIR JAMES (1765-1842)

ivory (r Kings xxii . 39) . It sustained frequent sieges during the troubled See also:

• HISTORY

history of the Israelite See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom . See also:

• BEN (from Old Eng. bennan, within)

Ben-See also:

• HADAD

Hadad II. of See also:

• SYRIA

Syria assaulted it in the reign of Ahab, but was repulsed and obliged to allow the Israelite traders to establish a See also:

• QUARTER (through Fr. from Lat. quartarius, fourth part)

quarter in See also:

• DAMASCUS

Damascus, as his predecessor Ben-Hadad I. had done in Samaria (f Kings xx . 34) .

Ben-Hadad II. in the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time of Jehoahaz again besieged Samaria, and caused a See also:

• FAMINE (Lat. fames, hunger)

famine in the city; but some panic led them to raise the See also:

• SIEGE (0. Fr. sege, siege, mod. siege, seat, ultimately from sedere, to sit, cf. Class. Lat. obsidium, a siege)

siege (2 Kings vi., vii.) . The history of the city for the following 120 years is that of Israel ( see See also:

• JEWS
• JEWS (Heb. Y8hudi, man of Judah; Gr. 'Iovbaiot; Lat. Judaei)

JEws) . In 727 died Tiglath-Pileser, to whom the small kingdoms of W . See also:

• ASIA

Asia had been in vassalage; in the See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case of Israel at least since See also:

• MENAHEM (Hebrew for " consoler ")

Menahem (2 Kings xv . 19) . He was succeeded by See also:

• SHALMANESER [Ass. Sulmanu-afarid, " the god Sulman (Solomon) is chief "]

Shalmaneser IV., and the king of Israel, with the See also:

• REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest, attempted to revolt . Shalmaneser accordingly invaded Syria, and in 724 began a three-years' siege of Samaria (2 Kings xvii . 5) . He died before it was completed, but it was finished by See also:

• SARGON

Sargon, who reduced the city, deported its inhabitants, and established within it a mixed multitude of settlers (who were the ancestors of the See also:

• MODERN

modern See also:

• SAMARITANS

Samaritans) . These See also:

• PEOPLE

people themselves seem. to have joined a revolt against the Assyrians, which was soon quelled . The next event we hear of in the history of the city is its See also:

• CONQUEST

conquest by See also:

• ALEXANDER
• ALEXANDER (1461-1506)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OF BATTENBERG) (1857-1893)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OsxENOVici) (1876-1903)
• ALEXANDER, ARCHIBALD (1772—1851)
• ALEXANDER, FRANCIS (1800—1881)
• ALEXANDER, GEORGE (1858— )
• ALEXANDER, JOHN WHITE (1856- )
• ALEXANDER, JOSEPH ADDISON (18o9—186o)
• ALEXANDER, SIR JAMES EDWARD (1803—1885)
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM (1824— )
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM LINDSAY (1808—1884)

Alexander the See also:

• GREAT

Great (331 B.C.), and later by See also:

• PTOLEMY (CLAUDIUS PTOLEMAEUS)

Ptolemy Lagi and See also:

• DEMETRIUS

Demetrius Poliorcetes . It quickly recovered from these injuries: when See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John See also:

• HYRCANUS ('Tp,av6s)

Hyrcanus besieged it in 120 B.C. it was " a very strong city " which offered a vigorous resistance (Jos .

See also:

• ANT
• ANT (O. Eng. aemete, from Teutonic a, privative, and maitan, cut or bite off, i.e. " the biter off "; aemete in Middle English became differentiated in dialect use to (mete, then amte, and so ant, and also to emete, whence the synonym " emmet," now only u

Ant. xiii . X . 2) . It was rebuilt by See also:

• POMPEY

Pompey, and restored by Aulus See also:

• GABINIUS, AULUS

Gabinius: but it was to See also:

• HEROD
• HEROD (surnamed THE GREAT)

Herod that it owed much of its later See also:

• GLORY (through the O. Fr. glorie, modern gloire, from Lat. gloria, cognate with Gr. KXebs, abets)

glory . He built a great temple, a See also:

• HIPPODROME (Gr. irrbSpo,uos, from irros, horse, and Spoµos, racecourse)

hippodrome and a See also:

• STREET
• STREET, GEORGE EDMUND (1824-1881)

street of columns surrounding the city, the remains of which still See also:

• ARREST (Fr. arrester, arreeter, to stop or stay)

arrest the See also:

• ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention . It was renamed by him Sebaste, in See also:

• HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour of See also:

• AUGUSTUS (a name 1 derived from Lat. augeo, increase, i.e. venerable, majestic, Gr. Ee0avr6s)

Augustus: this name still survives in the modern name Sebusteh.' See also:

• PHILIP
• PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
• PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
• PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
• PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)

Philip here preached the See also:

• GOSPEL (O. Eng. godspel, i.e. good news, a translation of Lat. bona annuntiatio, or evangelium, Gr. evayyeXwv; cf. Goth. iu spillon, " to announce good news," Ulfilas' translation of the Greek, from iu, that which is good, and spellon to announce)

gospel (Acts viii . 5) . The rise of Neapolis (See also:

• SHECHEM (mod. Nablus)

Shechem) in the neighbourhood caused the decay of Sebaste . It was quite small by the time of See also:

• EUSEBIUS
• EUSEBIUS (Gr. EuOi/3tos, from ebaegils, pious, cf. the Latin name Pius)
• EUSEBIUS [OF CAESAREA] (c. 260-c. 340)
• EUSEBIUS [OF EMESA] (d. c. "36o)

Eusebius . The crusaders did some-thing to develop it by establishing a bishopric with a large See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church, which still exists (as a See also:

• MOSQUE (through Fr. mosquie; Span. mezquila, from Arab. masjid, sajada, to adore)

mosque) ; here were shown the tombs of See also:

• ELISHA (a Hebrew name meaning " God is deliverance ")

Elisha, See also:

• OBADIAH

Obadiah and St John the Baptist . From this time onward the See also:

• VILLAGE

village dwindled to the poor dirty See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place it is to-See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day . The site of Samaria is an enormous See also:

• MOUND

mound of See also:

• ACCUMULATION (from Lat. accumulare, to heap up)

accumulation, one of the largest in Palestine .

In some places it is estimated the debris is at least 4o ft. deep . The crusaders' church remains almost intact, and numerous fragments of carved See also:

• STONE
• STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
• STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
• STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
• STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
• STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
• STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
• STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
• STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)

stone are built into the village houses, beneath which in some places are some interesting tombs . The hippodrome remains in the valley below, and the columns of the street of columns are in very See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order . The walls can be traced almost all See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round the See also:

• TOWN

town: at the end of the mound opposite the modern village are the dilapidated ruins of a large See also:

• GATE

gate . The site stands in the very centre of Palestine, and, built on a steep and almost isolated hill, with a long and spacious See also:

• PLATEAU (a French term, older platel, for a flat piece of wood, metal, &c., from plat, flat)
• PLATEAU, JOSEPH ANTOINE FERDINAND (1801-1883)

plateau for its See also:

• SUMMIT

summit, is naturally a position of much strength, commanding two of the most important roads—the great N. and S. road which passes immediately under the E. See also:

• WALL (O. Eng. weal, weall, Mid. Eng. wal, wane, adapted from Lat. vallum, rampart; the original O. Eng. word for a wall was wag or tenth)
• WALL, RICHARD (1694-1778)

wall, and the road from Shechem to the maritime See also:

• PLAIN (O. Fr. plain, from Lat. plenum)

plain which runs a little to the W. of the city . The hill of Samaria is separated from the surrounding mountains (See also:

• AMOS
• AMOS, SHELDON (1835–1886)

Amos iii . 9) by a See also:

• RICH, BARNABE (c. 1540-1617)
• RICH, CLAUDIUS JAMES (1787-1821)
• RICH, JOHN (1692-1761)
• RICH, PENELOPE, LADY (c. 1562–1607)
• RICH, RICHARD, 1ST BARON RICH (1490?-1567)

rich and well-watered plain, from which it rises in successive terraces of fertile See also:

• SOIL

soil to a height of 400 or 50o ft . Only on the E. a narrow See also:

• SADDLE (a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Sattel, Dut. zadel, also in Russ. siedlo and Lat. sella, for sedla; it is not derived directly from Lat. sedile, which means a chair, but all the words are to be referred to the root sad-, which gives

saddle, some 200 ft. beneath the plateau, runs across the plain towards the mountains; it is at this point that the traveller coming from Shechem now ascends the hill to the village of Sebusteh, which occupies only the extreme E. of a See also:

• TERRACE (Fr. terrace, terrasse, from It. terraccia, terrazzo, Lat. terra, earth)

terrace beneath the hill-to,behind the crusaders' church, which is the first thing that attracts the See also:

• EYE
• EYE (O. Eng. edge, Ger. Auge; derived from an Indo-European root also seen in Lat. oc-ulus, the organ of vision (q.v.)

eye as one approaches the town . The hill-See also:

• TOP (cf. Dan. top, Ger. Topf, also meaning pot)

top, the longer See also:

• AXIS (Lat. for " axle ")

axis of which runs W. from the village, rises 145o ft. above the See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea, and commands a superb view towards the Mediterranean, the mountains of Shechem and See also:

• MOUNT, WILLIAM SIDNEY (1807-1868)

Mount See also:

• HERMON

Hermon . Excavations under the auspices of Harvard University began here in 19o8 . (R . A .

S . M.) i Accentuated on the second syllable .