See also:

• SAMOSATA (Eau6vara, -arum, Ptol. v. 15 § r 1 ; Strabo xvi. 749)

SAMOSATA (Eau6vara, -arum, Ptol. v. 15 § r 1 ; See also:

• STRABO (born c. 63 n.c.)

Strabo xvi. 749)  , called in Arabic literature Sumeisat,l is now represented by the See also:

• VILLAGE

village of Samsat, occupying a corner of the See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient site . On a broad See also:

• PLAIN (O. Fr. plain, from Lat. plenum)

plain 1500 ft. above See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea-level, See also:

• SAMOSATA (Eau6vara, -arum, Ptol. v. 15 § r 1 ; Strabo xvi. 749)

Samosata practically marks the See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place where the See also:

• MOUNTAIN (0. Fr. montaigne; popular Lat. montanea, an adjectival form from the classical mons, montis, whence Eng. " mount," a form usually used along with the name of an individual mountain, e.g. Mt Everest)
• MOUNTAIN, THE (La Montagne)

mountain course of the See also:

• EUPHRATES (Babylon. Purattu, Heb. Perath, Arab. Frdt or Furst, Old Pers. Ufratu, Gr. Eb4 parrls)

Euphrates ends (see See also:

• MESOPOTAMIA (Mevoaora)

MESOPOTAMIA) . When the See also:

• WATER

water is high enough it is possible to descend in a kelek in one See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day to See also:

• BIREJIK (Arab. Bir; classical, Apamea-Zeugma)

Birejik . The rocky See also:

• BANKS, GEORGE LINNAEUS (1821-1881)
• BANKS, NATHANIEL PRENTISS (1816–1894)
• BANKS, SIR JOSEPH
• BANKS, THOMAS (1735-1805)

banks contain many ancient See also:

• CAVE (Lat. cavea, from caves, hollow)
• CAVE, EDWARD (1691–1754)
• CAVE, WILLIAM (1637–1713)

cave-dwellings . The See also:

• STELE

stele found there and published by Humann and Puchstein (Reisen in Kleinasien u . See also:

• NORD

Nord-Syrien, See also:

• ATLAS

Atlas, See also:

• PLATE

plate xlix . 1-3) shows that it was at an See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time a Hittite centre, probably marking an important route across the Euphrates: whether or not it was the place where later the See also:

• PERSIAN
• PERSIAN, SYRIAN, EGYPTIAN AND TURKISH

Persian " royal road " crossed the Euphrates, in See also:

• STRABO (born c. 63 n.c.)

Strabo's time it was connected by a See also:

• BRIDGE

bridge with a See also:

• SELEUCIA (Gr. EeXeimeta)

Seleucia on the Mesopotamian See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side, and it is now connected by road with Severek and Diarbekr and with Rakka, connecting further, through See also:

• EDESSA
• EDESSA (mod. , Vodena)

Edessa and See also:

• HARRAN, HARAN

Harran, with other eastward routes . The Hittite sculptured See also:

• OBJECT

object referred to above 1 Not to be confused, as Yaqut remarks, with Shamshat, the classical Arsamosata (Ptol. v . 13).shows influences of an See also:

• ASSYRIAN

Assyrian type (P . See also:

• JENSEN, WILHELM (1837- )

Jensen, Hittiter u . A rmenier , 1898, 13) ; but no See also:

• CUNEIFORM (from Lat. cuneus, a wedge)

cuneiform See also:

• TEXT (Lat. textum, woven fabric, from texere, to weave)

text referring to Samosata by name seems yet to have been published . Kummukh, however, the See also:

• DISTRICT

district to which it belonged, was overrun by early Assyrian See also:

• KINGS, FIRST AND SECOND BOOKS OF

kings .

In consequence of revolt it was made an Assyrian See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province in 708 B.C . When the Assyrian See also:

• EMPIRE

empire passed through the hands of See also:

• BABYLON (mod. Hillah)

Babylon and See also:

• PERSIA

Persia into those of the successors of See also:

• ALEXANDER
• ALEXANDER (1461-1506)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OF BATTENBERG) (1857-1893)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OsxENOVici) (1876-1903)
• ALEXANDER, ARCHIBALD (1772—1851)
• ALEXANDER, FRANCIS (1800—1881)
• ALEXANDER, GEORGE (1858— )
• ALEXANDER, JOHN WHITE (1856- )
• ALEXANDER, JOSEPH ADDISON (18o9—186o)
• ALEXANDER, SIR JAMES EDWARD (1803—1885)
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM (1824— )
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM LINDSAY (1808—1884)

Alexander, Samosata was the See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital of Kummukh, called in See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek Commagene . How soon it became a Greek See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city we do not know . Although its ruler See also:

• PTOLEMY (CLAUDIUS PTOLEMAEUS)

Ptolemy renounced See also:

• ALLEGIANCE (Mid. Eng. ligeaunce; med. Lat. ligeantia, &c.; the al- was probably added through confusion with another legal term, allegeance, an allegation; the Fr. allegeance comes from the English; the word is formed from " liege," of which the derivatio

allegiance to See also:

• ANTIOCHUS

Antiochus IV. the See also:

• DYNASTY (Gr. &vvaareta, sovereignty, the position of a hevnori7r, lord, ruler, from SuvaaBay to be able, Suvaµas, power)

dynasty of Iranian origin which ruled at Samosata, described by Strabo (l.c.) as a fortified city in a very fertile if not extensive district, allied itself with the Seleucids, and See also:

• BORE

bore the dynastic name of Antiochus . There, not See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long after the little See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom was in A.D . 72 made a province by the See also:

• ROMANS
• ROMANS, EPISTLE TO THE

Romans, and its capital received the additional name of Flavia (See also:

• SUET (M. Eng. sewet, a diminutive of O. Fr. seu, suis, mod. suif, lard, from Lat. sebum, or sebum, tallow, grease, probably allied to sago, soap)

Suet . Vesp . 8; Eutrop . 8 . 19), the celebrated Greek writer See also:

• LUCIAN (d. 312)
• LUCIAN [Aowaavos] (c. A.D. 120-180)

Lucian the Satirist was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born in the and See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century (see LUCIAN), and more than a century later another Lucian, known as the See also:

• MARTYR (Gr. pimp or µaprvs)

Martyr, and See also:

• PAUL
• PAUL (PAULUS)

Paul called " of Samosata." The remains of a See also:

• FINE

fine See also:

• AQUEDUCT (Lat. aqua, water, and ducere, to lead; Gr. apaymryeiov, apayeeywov, vlrovopos)

aqueduct that once brought water from the See also:

• KIAKHTA

Kiakhta Chai, which begins some 6 m. above the See also:

• TOWN

town, are probably of the 3rd century A.D . (Geog . Journ. viii .

323) . Under See also:

• CONSTANTINE

Constantine Samosata gave place as capital of Euphratensis to See also:

• HIERAPOLIS

Hierapolis (Malal . Chron. xiii. p . 317) . It was at Samosata that See also:

• JULIAN (FLAVIUS CLAUDIUS JULIANUS) (331-363)

Julian had See also:

• SHIPS

ships made in his expedition against Sapor, and it was a natural See also:

• CROSSING

crossing-place in the struggle between See also:

• HERACLIUS ('HpaeXaos) (c. 575-642)

Heraclius and See also:

• CHOSROES

Chosroes in the 7th century . Mas`udi in the loth century says it was known also as Karat at-See also:

• TIN (Lat.- stannum, whence the chemical symbol " Sn "; atomic weight =117.6, 0=16)

Tin (" the See also:

• CLAY (from O. Eng. claeg, a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Klei)
• CLAY, CASSIUS MARCELLUS (1810-1903)
• CLAY, CHARLES (1801–1893)
• CLAY, FREDERIC (1838–1889)
• CLAY, HENRY (1777–1852)

Clay See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

Castle ") . It was one of the strong fortresses included in the See also:

• COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

county of Edessa (q.v.) . In the 13th century, according to Yaqut, one of its quarters was exclusively inhabited by Armenians . It is now a Kurdish village, which in 1894 consisted of about zoo houses, three of which were Armenian (Geog . Journ. viii . 322) .