LEONARD SYLVAIN See also:

• JULIEN, STANISLAS (1797?-1873)

JULIEN [JULES] See also:

• LEONARD SYLVAIN JULIEN [JULES] SANDEAU (1811-1883)

SANDEAU (1811-1883)  , See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French novelist, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• AUBUSSON
• AUBUSSON, PIERRE

Aubusson (See also:

• CREUSE

Creuse) on the 19th of See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 1811 . He was sent to See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris to study See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law, but spent much of his See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time with unruly students . He met Madame Dudevant (See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George See also:

• SAND
• SAND, GEORGE (1804-1876)

Sand) at Le Coudray in the See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house of a friend, and when she came to Paris in 1831 she joined See also:

• SANDEAU, LEONARD SYLVAIN JULIEN [JULES] (1811-1883)

Sandeau . The intimacy did not last See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long, but it produced See also:

• ROSE
• ROSE (Rosa)
• ROSE, GEORGE (1744-1818)
• ROSE, HUGH JAMES (1795—1838)
• ROSE, WILLIAM STEWART (1775-1843)

Rose et See also:

• BLANCHE, JACQUES EMILE (1861– )

Blanche (1831), a novel written in See also:

• COMMON

common under the See also:

• PSEUDONYM (Gr. >l ev&,vuµos, having a false name, ¢Evirls, false and ovoµa, name)

pseudonym Jules Sand, from which George Sand took the See also:

• IDEA (Gr. Ibia, connected with i&eiv, to see; cf. Lat. species from specere, to look at)

idea of her famous nom de guerre . Sandeau continued for nearly fifty years to produce novels and to collaborate in plays . His best See also:

• WORKS

works are Marianna (1839), in which he draws a portrait of George Sand; Le Docteur Herbeau (1841); See also:

• CATHERINE
• CATHERINE, SAINT

Catherine (1845); Mademoiselle de la Seigliere (1848), a successful picture of society under See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis Philippe, dramatized in 1851; Madeleine (1848); La See also:

• CHASSE (Fr. for " chased ")
• CHASSE (from the Fr., in full chasse-cafe, or " coffee-chaser ")

Chasse au See also:

• ROMAN

roman (1849); Sacs et parchemins (1851) ; La Maison de Penarvan (1858) ; LaRoche aux mouettes (1871) . The famous,See also:

• PLAY

play of Le Gendre de M.Poirier is one of several which he wrote with Emile See also:

• AUGIER, GUILLAUME VICTOR SMILE (182o-1889)

Augier—the novelist usually contributing the See also:

• STORY, JOHN (c. 1510-1571)
• STORY, JOSEPH (1779-1845)
• STORY, ROBERT HERBERT (1835-1907)
• STORY, WILLIAM WETMORE (1819—1895)

story and the dramatist the theatrical working up . Meanwhile Sandeau had been made conservateur of the See also:

• MAZARIN, JULES (1602-1661)

Mazarin library in 1853, elected to the See also:

• ACADEMY, GREEK
• ACADEMY, ROYAL

Academy in 1858, and next See also:

• YEAR

year appointed librarian of St See also:

• CLOUD (from the same root, if not the same word, as " clod," a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages for a mass or lump; it is first applied in the usual sense in the late 13th century; the Anglo-Saxon chid is only used in the sense of " a ma

Cloud . At the suppression of this latter See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office, after the fall of the See also:

• EMPIRE

empire, he was pensioned . He died on the 24th of See also:

• APRIL

April 1883 . He was never a very popular novelist, and the quiet See also:

• GRACE (Fr. grace, Lat. gratia, from grates, beloved, pleasing; formed from the root cra-, Gr. xav-, cf. xaipw, x6p,ua, Xapts)
• GRACE, WILLIAM GILBERT (1848– )

grace of his See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style, and his refusal to pander to the popular See also:

• TASTE (from Lat. taxare, to touch sharply; tangere, to touch)

taste in the morals and incidents of his novels, may have disqualified him for popularity . See G .

See also:

• PLANCHE, JEAN BAPTISTE GUSTAVE (1808–1857)

Planche, Portraits littiraires (1849), vol. i.; J . See also:

• CLARETIE, JULES

Claretie, J . Sandeau (1883) ; F . Brunetiere in the Revue See also:

• DES

des deux inondes (1887) . SAND-See also:

• EEL

EEL, or SAND-LAUNCE . The fishes known under these names See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form a small See also:

• FAMILY

family (Ammodytidae) now included with the Scombresocidae in the sub-See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order Percesoces . They were formerly placed in the Anacanthini and supposed to be allied to the Gadidae, but a fossil form Cobitopsis has recently been described in which the pelvic fins are See also:

• PRESENT

present, and are abdominal in position as in Belone and Scombresox . Their See also:

• BODY

body is of an elongate-cylindrical shape, with the See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head terminating in a long conical snout, the projecting See also:

• LOWER

lower See also:

• JAW (Mid. Eng. jawe, jowe and geowe, O. Eng. cheowan, connected with " chaw " and " chew," and in form with " jowl ")

jaw forming the pointed end . A See also:

• LOW, SETH (1850- )
• LOW, WILL HICOK (1853- )

low long dorsal fin, in which no distinction between spines and rays can be observed, occupies nearly the whole length of the back, and a long anal, composed of similar See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short and delicate rays, commences immediately behind the vent, which is placed about midway between the head and caudal fin . The caudal is forked and the pectorals are short . The See also:

• TOTAL

total See also:

• ABSENCE (Lat. absentia)

absence of ventral fins indicates the burrowing habits of these fishes . The scales, when present, are very small; but generally the development of scales has only proceeded to the formation of oblique folds of the integuments .

The eyes are lateral and of moderate See also:

• SIZE

size; the dentition is quite rudimentary . Sand-eels are small littoral marine fishes, only one See also:

• SPECIES

species attaining a length of 18 in . (Ammodytes lanceolatus) . They live in shoals at various depths on a sandy bottom, and See also:

• BURY
• BURY, JOHN BAGNELL (1861- )

bury themselves in the sand on the slightest alarm . Other shoals live in deeper See also:

• WATER

water . When they are surprised by See also:

• FISH (O. Eng. fist, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dutch visch, Ger. Fisch, Goth. fisks, cognate with the Lat. piscis)
• FISH, HAMILTON (1808-1893)

fish of See also:

• PREY (0. Fr. preie, mod. proie, Lat. praeda, booty, from prae and the root hed—seen in prehendere, prendere, to grasp)

prey or porpoises they are frequently driven to the See also:

• SURFACE

surface in such dense masses that See also:

• NUMBERS, BOOK OF
• NUMBERS, PARTITION OF

numbers of them can be scooped out of the water with a bucket or See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand-See also:

• NET

net . Sand- eels destroy a See also:

• GREAT

great quantity of See also:

• FRY
• FRY, ELIZABETH (178o-1845)
• FRY, SIR EDWARD (1827– )

fry and other small creatures, such as the lancelet (See also:

• AMPHIOXUS, or LANCELET

Amphioxus), which lives in similar Iocalities . They are excellent eating, and are much sought after for bait . They are captured by small See also:

• MESHED (properly Mash-had, " the place of martyrdom ")

meshed seines, as well as by digging in the sand . The eggs of sand-eels are small, heavier than See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea-water and slightly adhesive: they are scattered among the grains of sand in which the fishes live, and the larvae and See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young at various stages of growth may be taken with the See also:

• ROW, JOHN (c. 1525—1580)

row-net in sandy bays in summer . Sand-eels are common in the N . See also:

• ATLANTIC

Atlantic; a species scarcely distinct from the See also:

• EUROPEAN

European common sand-launce occurs on the Pacific See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side of N .

See also:

• AMERICA

America, another on the E. See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast of S . See also:

• AFRICA
• AFRICA, ROMAN

Africa . On the See also:

• BRITISH

British coasts three species are found: the greater sand-eel (Ammodytes lanceolatus), distinguished by a tooth-like bicuspid prominence on the vomer; the common sand-launce (A. tobianus), from 5 to 7 in. long, with unarmed vomer, even dorsal fin, and with the integuments folded; and the See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern sand-launce (.4. siculus), with unarmed vomer, smooth skin, and with the margins of the dorsal and anal fins undulated . The last species is common in the Mediterranean, but See also:

• LOCAL

local farther N . It has been found near the Shetlands at depths from 8o to See also:

• IOO

Ioo fathoms .