See also:

• NICHOLAS
• NICHOLAS (1841– )
• NICHOLAS (or NICLAES), HENRY (or HENDRIK) (c. 1501-C. 158o)
• NICHOLAS, SIR EDWARD (1593-1669)
• NICHOLAS, ST

NICHOLAS See also:

• SANDERS, DANIEL (1819-1896)
• NICHOLAS SANDERS (c. 1530-1581)

SANDERS (c. 1530-1581)  , See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic See also:

• AGENT (from Lat. agere, to act)

agent and historian, See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born about 1530 at Charlwood, See also:

• SURREY
• SURREY, EARLDOM OF
• SURREY, HENRY HOWARD, EARL OF (1518?-1547)

Surrey, was a son of See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William See also:

• SANDERS, DANIEL (1819-1896)
• SANDERS, NICHOLAS (c. 1530-1581)

Sanders, once See also:

• SHERIFF

sheriff of Surrey, who was descended from the Sanders of Sanderstead . Educated at See also:

• WINCHESTER
• WINCHESTER, EARLS AND MARQUESSES OF

Winchester and New See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

College, See also:

• OXFORD
• OXFORD, EARLS OF
• OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
• OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
• OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
• OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
• OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST

Oxford, he was elected See also:

• FELLOW

fellow in 1548 and graduated B.C.L. in 1551 . The See also:

• FAMILY

family had strong Catholic leanings, and two of See also:

• NICHOLAS
• NICHOLAS (1841– )
• NICHOLAS (or NICLAES), HENRY (or HENDRIK) (c. 1501-C. 158o)
• NICHOLAS, SIR EDWARD (1593-1669)
• NICHOLAS, ST

Nicholas's sisters, who must have been much older than he was, became nuns of See also:

• SION [Ger. Sitten]

Sion See also:

• CONVENT (Lat. conventus, from convenire, to come together)

convent before its See also:

• DISSOLUTION (from Lat. dissolvere, to break up into parts)

dissolution . Nicholas was selected to deliver the oration at the reception of See also:

• CARDINAL (Lat. cardinalis)

Cardinal See also:

• POLE (FAMILY)
• POLE, REGINALD (1500-1558)
• POLE, RICHARD DE LA (d. 1525)
• POLE, WILLIAM (1814—1900)

Pole's visitors by the university in 1557, and soon after See also:

• ELIZABETH
• ELIZABETH (1533-1603)
• ELIZABETH (1596-1662)
• ELIZABETH (1635–1650)
• ELIZABETH [ AMELIE EUGENIE ] (1837—1898)
• ELIZABETH [1lisabeth Philippine Marie Helene of France] (1764—1794)
• ELIZABETH [PAULINE ELIZABETH OTTILIE LOUISE] (1843– )
• ELIZABETH [PETROVNA] (1709-1762), EMPRESS
• ELIZABETH, SAINT (1207-1231)

Elizabeth's See also:

• ACCESSION (from Lat. accedere, to go to, to approach)

accession he went to See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome where he was befriended by Pole's confidant, Cardinal See also:

• MORONE, GIOVANNI (1509-1580)

Morone; he also owed much to the generosity of See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• FRANCIS
• FRANCIS (FRarrcols) OF SALES, ST (1567-1622)
• FRANCIS (Lat. Franciscus, Ital. Francesco, Span. Francisco, Fr. Francois, Ger. Franz)
• FRANCIS, SIR PHILIP (174o-1818)

Francis See also:

• ENGLEFIELD, SIR FRANCIS (c. 1520-1596)

Englefield (q.v.) . He was ordained See also:

• PRIEST (Ger. Priester, Fr. pretre)

priest at Rome, and was, even before the end of 155o, mentioned as a likely See also:

• CANDIDATE

candidate for the cardinal's See also:

• HAT

hat . For the next few years he was employed by Cardinal See also:

• HOSIUS
• HOSIUS, STANISLAUS (1504–1579)

Hosius, the learned See also:

• POLISH

Polish See also:

• PRELATE (Lat. praelatus, set above, from praefero, prefer)

prelate, in his efforts to check the spread of See also:

• HERESY

heresy in See also:

• POLAND (Polish Polska, Ger. Polen), (see POLAND, RUSSIAN, below)
• POLAND, RUSSIAN

Poland, Lithuania and See also:

• PRUSSIA
• PRUSSIA (Ger. Preussen; Lat. Borussia)

Prussia . In 1565, like many other See also:

• ENGLISH

English exiles, he made his headquarters at See also:

• LOUVAIN (Flem. Leuven)

Louvain, and after a visit to the Imperial See also:

• DIET

Diet at See also:

• AUGSBURG
• AUGSBURG, CONFESSION OF
• AUGSBURG, WAR OF THE LEAGUE OF

Augsburg in 1566, in attendance upon Commendone, who had been largely instrumental in the reconciliation of See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England with Rome in See also:

• MARY
• MARY (1457-1482)
• MARY (1496-1533)
• MARY, QUEEN OF SCOTS

Mary's reign, he threw himself into the See also:

• LITERARY

literary controversy between See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

Bishop See also:

• JEWEL, JOHN (1522-1571)

Jewel (q.v.) and See also:

• HARDING, CHESTER (1792-1866)
• HARDING, JAMES DUFFIELD (1798-1863)

Harding . His De visibili Monarchia Ecclesiae, published in 157r, contains the first narrative of the sufferings of the English Roman Catholics . Its extreme papalism and its strenuous See also:

• DEFENCE
• DEFENCE (Lat. defendere, to defend)

defence of See also:

• PIUS

Pius V.'s See also:

• BULL
• BULL, GEORGE (1634–1710)
• BULL, JOHN (c. 1562–1628)
• BULL, OLE BORNEMANN (18ro-188o)

bull excommunicating and deposing Elizabeth marked out Sanders for the enmity of the English See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government, and he retaliated with lifelong efforts to procure the deposition of Elizabeth and restoration of Roman Catholicism . His expectations of the cardinalate were disappointed by Pius V.'s See also:

• DEATH

death in 1572, and Sanders spent the next few years at See also:

• MADRID

Madrid trying to embroil See also:

• PHILIP
• PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
• PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
• PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
• PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)

Philip II., who gave him a See also:

• PENSION (Lat. pensio, a payment, from pendere, to weigh, to pay)

pension of 300 ducats, in open See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war with Elizabeth . " The See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state of Christendom," he wrote, " dependeth upon the stout assailing of England." His ardent zeal was sorely tried by Philip's cautious temperament ; and Sir See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas See also:

• STUKELEY, WILLIAM (1687-2765)

Stukeley's projected Irish expedition, which Sanders was to have accompanied with the blessings and assistance of the See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

pope, was diverted to See also:

• MOROCCO

Morocco where Stukeley was killed at the See also:

• BATTLE

battle of Al Kasr al Kebir in 1578 . Sanders, however, found his opportunity in the following See also:

• YEAR

year, when a force of Spaniards and Italians was despatched to Smerwick to assist See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James Fitzmaurice and his Geraldines in stirring up an Irish See also:

• REBELLION

rebellion ..

The Spaniards were, however, annihilated by See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord See also:

• GREY, CHARLES GREY, 2ND EARL (1764-1845)
• GREY, HENRY GREY, 3RD EARL (1802-1894)
• GREY, LADY JANE (1537-1554)
• GREY, SIR EDWARD
• GREY, SIR GEORGE (1812–1898)

Grey in 158o, and after nearly two years of wandering in Irish See also:

• WOODS, LEONARD (1774-1854)
• WOODS, SIR ALBERT (1816-1904)

woods and bogs Sanders died of See also:

• COLD (in O. Eng. cald and ceald, a word coming ultimately from a root cognate with the Lat. gelu, gelidus, and common in the Teutonic languages, which usually have two distinct forms for the substantive and the adjective, cf. Ger. Kolte, kalt, Dutch koude

cold and See also:

• STARVATION

starvation in the See also:

• SPRING (from " to spring," " to leap or jump up," " burst out," O. Eng., springau, a common Teut. word, cf. Ger. springer, possibly allied to Gr. QnrFpxecOac, to move rapidly)

spring of 1581 . The English exiles were disgusted at the See also:

• WASTE (O. Fr. wast, guast, gast, gaste; Lat. vastus, vast, desolate)

waste of such material: " Our Sanders," they exclaimed, " is more to us than the whole of See also:

• IRELAND
• IRELAND, CHURCH
• IRELAND, CHURCH OF
• IRELAND, JOHN (1761-1842)
• IRELAND, JOHN (1838- )
• IRELAND, WILLIAM HENRY (1777-1835)

Ireland." His writings have been the basis of all Roman Catholic histories of the English See also:

• REFORMATION
• REFORMATION, THE

Reformation . The most important was his De Origine ac Progressu schismatic Anglicani, which was continued after 1558 by See also:

• EDWARD

Edward Rishton, and printed at See also:

• COLOGNE (Ger. Koln, or officially, since 1900, Coln)

Cologne in 1585; it has been often re-edited and translated, the best English edition being that by See also:

• DAVID
• DAVID (a Hebrew name meaning probably beloved 1)
• DAVID, FELICIEN (1810—1876)
• DAVID, GERARD [GHEERAERT DAVIT], (?=1523)
• DAVID, PIERRE JEAN (1789–1856)
• DAVID, ST (Dewi, Sant)

David See also:

• LEWIS, HENRY CARVILL
• LEWIS, JOHN FREDERICK (180 1876)
• LEWIS, MATTHEW GREGORY (1775-1818)
• LEWIS, MERIWETHER (1774-1809)
• LEWIS, SIR GEORGE CORNEWALL, BART

Lewis (See also:

• LONDON

London, 1877) . Its statements earned Sanders the See also:

• NICKNAME

nickname of Dr Slanders in England; but a considerable number of the " slanders" have been confirmed by corroborative See also:

• EVIDENCE (Lat. evidentia, evideri, to appear clearly)

evidence, and others, e.g. his storythat See also:

• ANN

Ann See also:

• BOLEYN (or BULLEN), ANNE (c. 1507–1536)

Boleyn was See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry VIII.'s own daughter, were simply borrowed by Sanders from earlier writers . It, is not a more untrustworthy See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account than a vehement controversialist engaged in a See also:

• LIFE

life and death struggle might be expected to write of his theological antagonists . See Lewis's Introduction (1877); Calendars of Irish, See also:

• FOREIGN

Foreign and See also:

• SPANISH

Spanish State Papers, and of the See also:

• CAREW, GEORGE (d. about 1613)
• CAREW, RICHARD (1555–1620)
• CAREW, THOMAS (1595–1645?)

Carew See also:

• MSS

MSS . ; See also:

• KNOX, HENRY (1750-1806)
• KNOX, JOHN (c. 1505–1572)
• KNOX, PHILANDER CHASE (1853– )

Knox's Letters of Cardinal See also:

• ALLEN, BOG OF
• ALLEN, ETHAN (1739–1789)
• ALLEN, GRANT CHARLES GRANT BLAIRFINDIEI, (1848–1899)
• ALLEN, JAMES LANE (1850– )
• ALLEN, JOHN (1476–1534)
• ALLEN, or ALLEYN, THOMAS (1542-1632)
• ALLEN, WILLIAM (1532-1594)
• ALLEN, WILLIAM FRANCIS (183o-1889)

Allen; T . F . See also:

• KIRBY, WILLIAM (1759–1850)

Kirby's Winchester Scholars; R . Bagwell's Ireland under the Tudors; A . O . See also:

• MEYER, CHRISTIAN ERICH HERMANN VON (18or-1869)
• MEYER, HEINRICH AUGUST WILHELM (1800-1873)
• MEYER, JULIUS LOTHAR (183o-1895)
• MEYER, KONRAD FERDINAND (1825-1898)
• MEYER, VICTOR (1848-1897)
• MEYER, [MARIE] PAUL HYACINTHE (184o- )

Meyer's England and See also:

• DIE
• DIE (Fr. de, from Lat. datum, given)

die katholische Kirche unter Konigin Elisabeth (191o); and T .

G . See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

Law in Diet . Nat . Biogr. i . 259-261 where a See also:

• COMPLETE

complete See also:

• LIST (O.E. lisle, a Teutonic word, cf. Dut. lust, Ger. Leiste, adapted in Ital. lista and Fr. lisle)
• LIST, FRIEDRICH (1789-1846)

list of Sanders's writings is given . (A . F .