See also:

• SANDWICH
• SANDWICH, EDWARD MONTAGU, or MOUNTAGU, 1ST EARL OF (1625–1672)
• SANDWICH, JOHN MONTAGU, 4TH EARL OF (1718–1792)

SANDWICH, See also:

• EDWARD

EDWARD See also:

• MONTAGU (Family)
• MONTAGU (or MOUNTAGUE), RICHARD (1577-1641)
• MONTAGU, ELIZABETH ROBINSON (1720-1800)
• MONTAGU, LADY MARY WORTLEY (1689–1762)
• MONTAGU, RALPH, 1ST DUKE OF (c. 1638-1709)

MONTAGU, or MOUNTAGU, 1ST See also:

• EARL

EARL OF (1625–1672)  , See also:

• ENGLISH

English See also:

• ADMIRAL

admiral, was a son of See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• SIDNEY
• SIDNEY (or SYDNEY), ALGERNON (1622-1683)
• SIDNEY, SIR HENRY (1529-1586)
• SIDNEY, SIR PHILIP (1554-1586)

Sidney See also:

• MONTAGU (Family)
• MONTAGU (or MOUNTAGUE), RICHARD (1577-1641)
• MONTAGU, ELIZABETH ROBINSON (1720-1800)
• MONTAGU, LADY MARY WORTLEY (1689–1762)
• MONTAGU, RALPH, 1ST DUKE OF (c. 1638-1709)

Montagu (d . 1644) of Hinchinbrook, who was a See also:

• BROTHER

brother of See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry Montagu, 1st See also:

• EARL

earl of See also:

• MANCHESTER
• MANCHESTER (popularly Manchester-by-the-Sea)
• MANCHESTER, EARLS AND DUKES OF

Manchester, and of See also:

• EDWARD

Edward Montagu, 1st See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord Montagu of See also:

• BOUGHTON, GEORGE HENRY (1834-1905)

Boughton . He was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born on the 27th of See also:

• JULY

July 1625, and although his See also:

• FATHER

father was a royalist, he himself joined the See also:

• PARLIAMENTARY

parliamentary party at the outbreak of the See also:

• CIVIL

Civil 'See also:

• VAR

Var . In 1643 he raised a See also:

• REGIMENT (from Late Latin regimentum, rule, regere, to rule, govern, direct)

regiment, with which he distinguished himself at the battles of See also:

• MARSTON, JOHN (c. 1575-1634)
• MARSTON, PHILIP BOURKE (1850-1887)

Marston See also:

• MOOR

Moor and See also:

• NASEBY

Naseby and at the See also:

• SIEGE (0. Fr. sege, siege, mod. siege, seat, ultimately from sedere, to sit, cf. Class. Lat. obsidium, a siege)

siege of See also:

• BRISTOL
• BRISTOL, EARLS AND MARQUESSES OF
• BRISTOL, GEORGE DIGBY, 2ND EARL OF1 (1612-1677)
• BRISTOL, JOHN DIGBY, 1ST EARL OF 6 (1580-1653)

Bristol . Though one of See also:

• CROMWELL, HENRY (1628-1674)
• CROMWELL, OLIVER (1599-1658)
• CROMWELL, RICHARD (1626–1712)
• CROMWELL, THOMAS, EARL OF

Cromwell's intimate See also:

• FRIENDS, SOCIETY
• FRIENDS, SOCIETY OF

friends, he took little See also:

• PART

part in public affairs until 1653, when he was appointed a member of the See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council of See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state . His career as a See also:

• SEAMAN, OWEN (1861– )

seaman began in 1656, when he was made a See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general-at-See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea, his colleague being See also:

• ROBERT
• ROBERT (1275—1343)
• ROBERT, HUBERT (1753-1808)
• ROBERT, LOUIS LEOPOLD (1794-1835)

Robert See also:

• BLAKE, EDWARD (1833– )
• BLAKE, ROBERT (1599-1657)
• BLAKE, WILLIAM (1757-1827)

Blake . Having taken some part in the operations against See also:

• DUNKIRK
• DUNKIRK (Fr. Dunkerque)

Dunkirk in 1657, he was chosen a member of Cromwell's See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

House of Lords, and in 1659 he was sent by See also:

• RICHARD
• RICHARD (d. 1184)
• RICHARD, FRANCOIS MARIE BENJAMIN (18,9-1908)
• RICHARD, HENRY (1812-1888)
• RICHARD, ST

Richard Cromwell with a See also:

• FLEET

fleet to arrange a See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace between See also:

• SWEDEN
• SWEDEN [Sverige]
• SWEDEN, NORWAY AND

Sweden and See also:

• DENMARK
• DENMARK (Danmark)

Denmark . After the fall of Richard he resigned his command and joined with those who were frightened by the prospect of anarchy in bringing about the restoration of See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles II . Again general-at-sea See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early in 166o, Montagu carried the fleet over to the See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side of the exiled See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king, and was entrusted with the See also:

• DUTY (from " due," that which is owing, O. Fr. deu, dil, past participle of devoir; Lat. debere, debitum; cf. " debt ")

duty of fetching Charles from See also:

• HOLLAND
• HOLLAND, CHARLES (1733–1769)
• HOLLAND, COUNTY AND PROVINCE OF
• HOLLAND, HENRY FOX, 1ST BARON (1705–1774)
• HOLLAND, HENRY RICH, 1ST EARL OF (1S9o-,649)
• HOLLAND, HENRY RICHARD VASSALL FOX, 3RD
• HOLLAND, JOSIAH GILBERT (1819-1881)
• HOLLAND, PHILEMON (1552-1637)
• HOLLAND, RICHARD, or RICHARD DE HOLANDE (fl. 1450)
• HOLLAND, SIR HENRY, BART

Holland . He was then made a See also:

• KNIGHT, CHARLES (1791-1873)
• KNIGHT, DANIEL RIDGWAY (1845– )
• KNIGHT, JOHN BUXTON (1843–1908)

knight of the Garter, and in July 166o was created earl of See also:

• SANDWICH
• SANDWICH, EDWARD MONTAGU, or MOUNTAGU, 1ST EARL OF (1625–1672)
• SANDWICH, JOHN MONTAGU, 4TH EARL OF (1718–1792)

Sandwich . His subsequent See also:

• NAVAL

naval duties included the See also:

• CONVEYANCE

conveyance of several royal exiles to See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England and arranging for the cession of See also:

• TANGIER (locally TANJAH)

Tangier and for the See also:

• PAYMENT (Fr. paiement, from payer, to pay; Lat. pacare, to appease, pax, peace)

payment of £300,000, the See also:

• DOWRY (in Anglo-Fr. dowarie, O. Fr. douaire, Med. Lat. dotaria, from Lat. dos; from root of dare, to give; in Fr. dot)

dowry of See also:

• CATHERINE
• CATHERINE, SAINT

Catherine of See also:

• BRAGANZA (Braganca)

Braganza . During the See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war with the Dutch in 1664–1665 Sandwich commanded a See also:

• SQUADRON

squadron under the See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of See also:

• YORK
• YORK (HOUSE OF)
• YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
• YORK, EDWARD
• YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
• YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

York and distinguished himself in the See also:

• BATTLE

battle off See also:

• LOWESTOFT

Lowestoft on the 3rd of See also:

• JUNE

June 1665 .

When the duke retired later in the same See also:

• YEAR

year he became See also:

• COMMANDER

commander-inchief, and he directed an unsuccessful attack on some Dutch See also:

• MERCHANT (O. Fr. marcheant, modern marchand; from Lat. mercari, to trade, merx, goods, merchandise)

merchant See also:

• SHIPS

ships which were sheltering in the See also:

• NORWEGIAN

Norwegian See also:

• PORT

port of See also:

• BERGEN

Bergen; however, on his homeward voyage he captured some valuable prizes, about which a See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• DEAL

deal of trouble arose on his return . See also:

• PERSONAL

Personal jealousies were intermingled with charges of irregularities in dealing with the captured See also:

• PROPERTY

property, and the upshot was that Sandwich was dismissed from his command, but as a solatium was sent to See also:

• MADRID

Madrid as See also:

• AMBASSADOR (also EMBASSADOR, the form sometimes still used in America; from the Fr. ambassadeur, with which compare Ital. ambasciatore and Span. embajador, all variants of the Med. Lat. ambassiator, ambassiator, ambasator, &c., derived from Med. Lat. amba

ambassador extraordinary . He arranged a treaty with See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain, and in 1670 was appointed See also:

• PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

president of the council of See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade and plantations . When the war with the Dutch was renewed in 1672 Sandwich again commanded a squadron under the duke of York, and during the fight in Southwold See also:

• BAY

Bay on the 28th of May 1672, his See also:

• SHIP

ship, the " Royal See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George," after having taken a conspicuous part in the See also:

• ACTION

action, was set on See also:

• FIRE (in O. Eng. f j'r; the word is common to West German languages, cf. Dutch vuur, Ger. Feuer; the pre-Teutonic form is seen in Sanskrit pu, pavaka, and Gr. irup; the ultimate origin is usually taken to be a root meaning to purify, cf. Lat. purus)

fire and was blown up . The earl's See also:

• BODY

body was found some days later and was buried in See also:

• WESTMINSTER
• WESTMINSTER, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
• WESTMINSTER, STATUTES OF
• WESTMINSTER, SYNODS OF

Westminster See also:

• ABBEY (Lat. abbatia; from Syr. abba, father)
• ABBEY, EDWIN AUSTIN (1852– )

Abbey . Edward (d . 1688) the eldest of his six sons, succeeded to the titles; another son, See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John Montagu (c . 1655–1728) was See also:

• DEAN (Lat. decanus, derived from the Gr. 8eaa, ten)
• DEAN, FOREST OF

dean of See also:

• DURHAM
• DURHAM, JOHN GEORGE LAMBTON, 1ST EARL OF (1792–1840)

Durham . Lord Sandwich claimed to have a certain knowledge of See also:

• SCIENCE (Lat. scientia, from scire; to learn, know)

science, and his See also:

• TRANSLATION

translation of a See also:

• SPANISH

Spanish See also:

• WORK

work on the See also:

• ART

Art of Metals appeared in 1674 . Many of his letters and papers are in the See also:

• BRITISH

British Museum, the Bodleian Library at See also:

• OXFORD
• OXFORD, EARLS OF
• OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
• OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
• OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
• OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
• OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST

Oxford, and in the See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession of the See also:

• PRESENT

present earl of Sandwich . He is mentioned very frequently in the See also:

• DIARY

Diary of his kinsman, See also:

• SAMUEL

Samuel See also:

• PEPYS, SAMUEL (1633-1703)

Pepys . See also J .

See also:

• CHARNOCK (or CHERNOCK), ROBERT (c.1663–1696)
• CHARNOCK, JOB (d. 1693)

Charnock, Biographia Navalis, vol. i . (1794) ; John See also:

• CAMPBELL, ALEXANDER (1788–1866)
• CAMPBELL, BEATRICE STELLA (Mrs PATRICK CAMPBELL) (1865– )
• CAMPBELL, GEORGE (1719–1796)
• CAMPBELL, JOHN
• CAMPBELL, JOHN (1708-1775)
• CAMPBELL, JOHN CAMPBELL, BARON (1779-1861)
• CAMPBELL, JOHN FRANCIS
• CAMPBELL, LEWIS (1830-1908)
• CAMPBELL, REGINALD JOHN (1867— )
• CAMPBELL, THOMAS (1777—1844)

Campbell, Lives of the British Admirals, vol. ii . (1779) ; and R . See also:

• SOUTHEY, ROBERT (1774-1843)

Southey, Lives of the British Admirals, vol. v . (184o) .