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4TH See also: born on the 3rd of See also: November 1718 and succeeded his See also: grand-See also: father, See also: Edward, the 3rd See also: earl, in the earldom in 1729
.
Educated at See also: Eton and at Trinity See also: College, Cambridge, he spent some See also: time in travelling, and on his return to See also: England in 1739 he took his
seat in the See also: House of Lords as a follower of the duke of See also: Bedford
.
He was soon appointed one of the commissioners of the See also: admiralty under Bedford and a colonel in the army
.
In 1746 he was sent as plenipotentiary to the congress at See also: Breda, and he continued to take See also: part in the negotiations for See also: peace until the treaty of See also: Aix-la-Chapelle was concluded in 1748
.
In See also: February 1748 he became first See also: lord of the admiralty, retaining this See also: post until he was dismissed by the See also: king in
See also: June 1951
.
In See also: August 1753 See also: Sandwich became one of the See also: principal secretaries of See also: state, and while filling this office he took a leading part in the See also: prosecution of See also: John Wilkes
.
He had been associated with Wilkes in the notorious fraternity of Medmenham, and his attitude now in turning against the former companion of his pleasures made him very unpopular, and, from a
See also: line in the See also: Beggar's See also: Opera, he was known henceforward as " Jemmy Twitcher." He was postmaster-general in 1768, secretary of state in 1770, and again first lord of the admiralty from 1771 to 1782
.
For corruption and incapacity Sandwich's administration is unique in the See also: history of the See also: British See also: navy
.
Offices were bought, stores were stolen and, worst of all, See also: ships, unseaworthy and inadequately equipped, were sent to fight the battles of their country
.
The first lord became very unpopular in this connexion also, and his retirement in See also: March 1782 was hailed with joy
.
Sandwich married Dorothy, daughter of
See also: Charles, 1st viscount Fane, by whom he had a son John (1743—1814), who became the 5th earl
.
He had also several
See also: children by the See also: singer See also: Margaret, or Martha, Ray, of whom See also: Basil See also: Montagu (1770-1851), writer, jurist and philanthropist, was one
.
The See also: murder of See also: Miss Ray by a rejected suitor in See also: April 1779 increased the earl's unpopularity, which was already See also: great, and the stigmas of the prosecution of Wilkes and the corrupt administration of the navy clung to him to the last
.
He died on the 3oth of April 1792
.
The Sandwich Islands (see Haw-an) were named after him by Captain See also: Cook
.
His Voyage round the Mediterranean in the Years 1738 and 1739 was published posthumously in 1799, with a very flattering memoir by the Rev
.
J
.
Cooke; the See also: Life, Adventures, Intrigues and Amours of the celebrated Jemmy Twitcher (1770), which is extremely rare, tells a very different tale
.
See also the various collections of letters, See also: memoirs and papers of the time, including Horace Walpole's Letters and Memoirs and the Bedford See also: Correspondence
.
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