See also:

• SANTIAGO, or SANTIAGO DE CHILE

SANTIAGO, or SANTIAGO DE See also:

• CHILE, or CHILI (derived, it is said, from the Quichua chin , cold, or tchili, snow)

CHILE  , a See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city of See also:

• CHILE, or CHILI (derived, it is said, from the Quichua chin , cold, or tchili, snow)

Chile, See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital of the See also:

• REPUBLIC (Lat. respublica, a commonweal or common-wealth)

republic and See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief See also:

• TOWN

town of a See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province of the same name, on the Mapocho See also:

• RIVER

river, a small tributary of the Maipu or Maipo,115 M . W. of See also:

• VALPARAISO

Valparaiso, in 330 26' 42" S., 700 40' 36" W . Pop . (1895) 256,413, (1900) 269,886, (1902, estimated) 322,059 . It is built on a wide, beautiful See also:

• PLAIN (O. Fr. plain, from Lat. plenum)

plain about 186o ft. above See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea-level, between the See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main range of the See also:

• ANDES

Andes and the less elevated heights of See also:

• CUESTA

Cuesta del Prado . In the centre of the city rises the rocky See also:

• HILL
• HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
• HILL, A
• HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
• HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
• HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
• HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
• HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
• HILL, JAMES J
• HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
• HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
• HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
• HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
• HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)

hill of See also:

• SANTA

Santa See also:

• LUCIA (or LucY), ST

Lucia, once forming its citadel, but now converted into a See also:

• PLEASURE (through Fr. plaisir from Lat. placere, to please; Gr. rlbovii)

pleasure-ground, with winding walks, picturesque views, theatres, restaurants and monuments . Immediately N.N.W. and N.E. are other hills, known as Colina, Renca and See also:

• SAN

San Cristobal, and overshadowing all are the See also:

• SNOW (in O. Eng. sndw; a common Indo-European word; cf. in Teutonic languages, Ger. Schnee, Du. sneeuw; in Slavonic snieg', Lith. snegas; Gr. vi4a, Lat. nix, nivis, whence the Romanic forms, Ital. neve, Fr. neige, &c.; Ir. and Gael. sneachd; the original

snow-clad Andean peaks of La Chapa and Los Amarillos, visible from all parts of the city . The Mapocho, once the cause of destructive inundations (especially in 1609 and 1783), was enclosed with solid embankments during the See also:

• ADMINISTRATION (Lat. administrare, to serve)

administration of Ambrosio O'See also:

• HIGGINS, MATTHEW JAMES (1810-1868)

Higgins, and is now crossed by several handsome See also:

• BRIDGES
• BRIDGES, ROBERT (1844– )

bridges; the See also:

• OLDEST

oldest (1767-1779) of these has eleven See also:

• ARCHES, COURT OF

arches . See also:

• SANTIAGO, or SANTIAGO DE CHILE

Santiago is laid out with See also:

• GREAT

great regularity, and its comparatively broad straight streets See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form parallelograms and enclose several handsome public squares, the Plaza de la Independencia, the Campo de Marte and others . The See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal streets have been repaved with See also:

• ASPHALT, or ASPHALTUM

asphalt instead of the old cobblestone and Belgian See also:

• BLOCK
• BLOCK (from the Fr. bloc, and possibly connected with an Old Ger. Block, obstruction, cf. " baulk ")
• BLOCK, MAURICE (1816–19or)

block pavements; See also:

• WATER

water is brought in through an See also:

• AQUEDUCT (Lat. aqua, water, and ducere, to lead; Gr. apaymryeiov, apayeeywov, vlrovopos)

aqueduct (1865) 5 M. See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long; and there are See also:

• TRAMWAY

tramway lines on all the principal streets . The See also:

• CATHEDRAL

cathedral, facing on the Plaza de la Independencia, is the oldest of the churches . Originally erected by Pedro de See also:

• VALDIVIA

Valdivia, it was rebuilt by See also:

• GARCIA
• GARCIA (DEL POPOLO VICENTO), MANOEL (1775-1832)

Garcia Hurtado de See also:

• MENDOZA
• MENDOZA, ANTONIO HURTADO DE (1593?-1644)
• MENDOZA, DIEGO HURTADO DE (1503-1575)
• MENDOZA, PEDRO GONZALEZ DE (1428-1495)

Mendoza, was destroyed by the See also:

• EARTHQUAKE

earthquake of 1647 and was rebuilt on a new See also:

• PLAN
• PLAN (from Lat. planes, flat)

plan subsequent to 1748 .

It is 351 ft. long and 92 ft. wide, has only one See also:

• TOWER (Lat. turris; Fr. tour, clocker; Ital. torre; Ger. Thurm)

tower and is not striking in See also:

• APPEARANCE (from Lat. apparere, to appear)

appearance . Its interior decorations, however, are See also:

• RICH, BARNABE (c. 1540-1617)
• RICH, CLAUDIUS JAMES (1787-1821)
• RICH, JOHN (1692-1761)
• RICH, PENELOPE, LADY (c. 1562–1607)
• RICH, RICHARD, 1ST BARON RICH (1490?-1567)

rich and in See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good See also:

• TASTE (from Lat. taxare, to touch sharply; tangere, to touch)

taste . Among the other ecclesiastical buildings are the See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church of San Augustin, erected in 1595 by Cristobal de See also:

• VERA, AUGUSTO (1813-1885)

Vera, and in See also:

• MODERN

modern times adorned with a pillared See also:

• PORTICO (Ital. for " porch," Lat. porticus)

portico; the churches of San Francisco, La Merced and Santo Domingo, dating from the 18th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century; the church of the Reformed See also:

• DOMINICANS

Dominicans, rich in monolithic See also:

• MARBLE (from Lat. marmor, Gr. pApµapos, shining stone)

marble columns; the Carmen See also:

• ALTO (Ital. for " high ")

Alto, or church of the Carmelite nunnery, an elegant little See also:

• GOTHIC

Gothic structure; the See also:

• AUGUSTINE, SAINT (354-430)
• AUGUSTINE, SAINT (d. c.613)

Augustine nunnery, founded by See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

Bishop See also:

• MEDELLIN

Medellin in 1576; the episcopal See also:

• PALACE (Lat. Palatium, the name given by Augustus to his residence on the Palatine Hill)

palace; and the See also:

• CHAPEL

chapel erected in 1852 to the memory of Pedro de Valdivia next to the See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house in which he is reputed to have lived . There are two See also:

• FINE

fine cemeteries—one exclusively See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic and the other secularized . Mural interment is the See also:

• CUSTOM (from O. Fr. costume, costume or coustume; Low Lat. costuma, a shortened form of consuetudo)

custom in Santiago . ' Among the See also:

• SECULAR (Lat. saecularis, of or belonging to an age or generation, saeculum)

secular buildings the more noteworthy are the Capitol. with its rows of massive columns and surrounded with beautiful gardens; the Moneda, or executive See also:

• RESIDENCE (Latin residere, to remain behind, to dwell, reside)

residence, which contains the offices of the See also:

• CABINET

cabinet ministers also; the municipal palace; the courts, or palace of See also:

• JUSTICE (Lat. justitia)

justice; the See also:

• POST

post See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office and See also:

• TELEGRAPH (Gr. Tike, far, and rypaq5eiv, to write)

telegraph See also:

• DEPARTMENT (Fr. departement, from departir, to separate into parts)

department; the exposition palace in the Quinta Normal, which houses the See also:

• NATIONAL

national museum; the university of Chile, dating from 1842; the national library with over 100,000 volumes; the School of Arts and Trades (Lyceo de Artes y Oficios) ; the national conservatory of See also:

• MUSIC

music; the medical school; the astronomical See also:

• OBSERVATORY

observatory; the national See also:

• INSTITUTE (from Lat. instituere, to establish or set up)

institute; the See also:

• MINT
• MINT (Lat. moneta; Mid. Eng. mynt)

mint; and a municipal See also:

• THEATRE (BEarpov, " a place for seeing," from OeacOae)

theatre . There are also a military school, a school of See also:

• AGRICULTURE
• AGRICULTURE (from Lat. ages, field, and colere, to cultivate)
• AGRICULTURE, BOARD OF

agriculture, See also:

• MINING

mining school, normal See also:

• SCHOOLS

schools and a number of charitable institutions . The old Universidad de San Felipe, founded in 1747, was closed in 1839, and was succeeded three years later by the See also:

• PRESENT

present national university . Facing the Capitol, which includes the two halls of See also:

• CONGRESS (Lat. congressus, coming together, from congredi; cum, with, and gradus, step)

Congress, is a small See also:

• PARK (Fr. part; Ital. parco; Sp. Marque; O.Eng. pearroc; connected with Ger. pferch, fold, and pfarrei, district, translating med. Lat. parochia, parish)
• PARK, EDWARDS AMASA (1808–1900)
• PARK, MUNGO (1771-1806?)

park and commemorative See also:

• SHAFT
• SHAFT (O. Eng., sceaft, from scafan, to shave; the word is common to Teutonic languages)

shaft, marking the spot where stood the See also:

• JESUITS

Jesuits' church, burned down on the See also:

• NIGHT

night of the 8th of See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1868, and with it " two thousand victims, more or less," chiefly See also:

• WOMEN

women . There is railway communication with Valparaiso, with Los Andes and the See also:

• INTERNATIONAL, THE

international See also:

• TUNNEL (Fr. tonne!, later tonneau, a diminutive from Low Lat. tonna, tunna, a tun, cask)

tunnel and with the provincial capitals of the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south . Santiago was founded in 1541 by Pedro de Valdivia, who was engaged in the See also:

• CONQUEST

conquest of Chile, and it received the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of Santiago del Nuevo Estremo . It has suffered from earthquakes and from See also:

• POLITICAL

political disorder .

After the defeat of the royalists at Chacabuco (Feb . 12th, 1817), it was occupied by the revolutionary forces under See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

General Jose de San See also:

• MARTIN (Martinus)
• MARTIN, BON LOUIS HENRI (1810-1883)
• MARTIN, CLAUD (1735-1800)
• MARTIN, FRANCOIS XAVIER (1762-1846)
• MARTIN, HOMER DODGE (1836-1897)
• MARTIN, JOHN (1789-1854)
• MARTIN, LUTHER (1748-1826)
• MARTIN, SIR THEODORE (1816-1909)
• MARTIN, SIR WILLIAM FANSHAWE (1801–1895)
• MARTIN, ST (c. 316-400)
• MARTIN, WILLIAM (1767-1810)

Martin . Though the See also:

• SCENE (Fr. scene, Lat. scaena, Gr. oflvil, a tent or booth, a stage or scene)

scene of many revolutionary outbreaks, it has never been subjected to a See also:

• REGULAR

regular See also:

• SIEGE (0. Fr. sege, siege, mod. siege, seat, ultimately from sedere, to sit, cf. Class. Lat. obsidium, a siege)

siege . The province of Santiago, bounded N. by See also:

• ACONCAGUA

Aconcagua, W. by Mendoza, S. by O'Higgins and See also:

• COLCHAGUA

Colchagua and W. by Valparaiso and the Pacific, has an See also:

• AREA

area of 5665 sq. m and a See also:

• POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population (1895) of 415,636 . It forms See also:

• PART

part of the " Vale of Chile," celebrated for its fertility and fine See also:

• CLIMATE

climate .