See also:

• SAN

SAN See also:

• ANTONIO
• ANTONIO (1429—1498)
• ANTONIO, NICOLAS (1617-1684)

ANTONIO  , a See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city and the See also:

• COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

county-seat of Bexar county, See also:

• TEXAS

Texas, U.S.A., about 8o m . S.S.W. of See also:

• AUSTIN
• AUSTIN, ALFRED
• AUSTIN, JOHN (179o-1859)
• AUSTIN, SARAH (1793-1867)
• AUSTIN, STEPHEN FULLER (1793-1836)

Austin, on the See also:

• SAN

San See also:

• ANTONIO
• ANTONIO (1429—1498)
• ANTONIO, NICOLAS (1617-1684)

Antonio See also:

• RIVER

river, at the mouth of the San Pedro . Pop . (1900) 53,321, of whom i8,88o were of See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign parentage, 9348 were foreign-See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born (including 3288 Mexicans and 3031 Germans) and 7538 were negroes; (1910 See also:

• CENSUS (from Lat. censere, to estimate or assess; connected by some with centum, i.e. a count by hundreds)

census), 96,614 . San Antonio is the largest city of Texas . It is served by the See also:

• GALVESTON

Galveston, See also:

• HARRISBURG

Harrisburg & San Antonio, the See also:

• INTERNATIONAL, THE

International & See also:

• GREAT

Great See also:

• NORTHERN

Northern, the San Antonio & Aransas Pass, and the See also:

• MISSOURI

Missouri, See also:

• KANSAS (known as the Sunflower State ")

Kansas & Texas See also:

• RAILWAYS

railways . The city lies at an See also:

• ELEVATION

elevation of 610-750 ft. above the See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea . The San Antonio river (which has a winding course of 13 M. within the city limits) and its affluent, the San Pedro (which is 10 m.See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long in its course through San Antonio), See also:

• DIVIDE

divide the city into three See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main portions, and these See also:

• WATER

water-courses and the Acequia (7 M. long) are spanned by 17 large See also:

• IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

iron See also:

• BRIDGES
• BRIDGES, ROBERT (1844– )

bridges and about 2500 smaller bridges and culverts . Among the public buildings are the city See also:

• HALL
• HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
• HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
• HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
• HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
• HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
• HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
• HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
• HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
• HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
• HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
• HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
• HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
• HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
• HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
• HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
• HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
• HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)

hall in Military Plaza, the See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court-See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house on Main Plaza, the Federal See also:

• BUILDING

building on the N. See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side of Alamo Plaza, the See also:

• CARNEGIE
• CARNEGIE, ANDREW (1837– )

Carnegie library and the See also:

• CONVENTION (Lat. conventio, an assembly or agreement, from convenire, to come together)
• CONVENTION, THE NATIONAL

convention hall and See also:

• MARKET (Lat. mercatus, trade or place of trade)

market house on Milam Square . The most interesting building is the historic Alamo (named from the See also:

• GROVE (O.E. graf, cf. O.E. gr(efa, brushwood, later" greave "; the word does not appear in any other Teutonic language, and the New English Dictionary finds no Indo-European root to which it can be referred; Skeat considers it connected with " grave," to
• GROVE, SIR GEORGE (182o-1900)
• GROVE, SIR WILLIAM ROBERT (1811-1896)

grove of cottonwood—alamo, the Populus monilifera—in which it stands) on the E. side of the Alamo Plaza, E. of the San Antonio river; it was begun probably in 1744 and was the See also:

• CHAPEL

chapel of the See also:

• MISSION

Mission San Antonio de Valero (often called " the Alamo mission "); in 1883 it was bought by the See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state and has since been maintained as a public See also:

• MONUMENT (Lat. monumentum or monumentum; from monere, to advise, bring to mind, remind; the German equivalent is Denkmal)

monument . The San Fernando See also:

• CATHEDRAL

Cathedral' on Main Plaza was built in 1734, but there is very little of the See also:

• ORIGINAL

original structure in the See also:

• PRESENT

present building, which really See also:

• DATES

dates from 1868-1873; the former See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor's See also:

• PALACE (Lat. Palatium, the name given by Augustus to his residence on the Palatine Hill)

palace, built in 1749, is at No . 105 Military Plaza; at 128 Soledad is the Veramendi Palace, the See also:

• RESIDENCE (Latin residere, to remain behind, to dwell, reside)

residence of Governor Veramendi, See also:

• FATHER

father-in-See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law of See also:

• COLONEL (derived either from Lat. column, Fr. colonne, column, or Lat. corona, a crown)

Colonel See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James See also:

• BOWIE, JAMES (1796-1836)

Bowie, and in this palace Colonel B .

R . Milam was killed on the 5th of See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1835 by a sharpshooter hidden in a See also:

• CYPRESS (Cupressus)

cypress See also:

• TREE (0. Eng. treo, treow, cf. Dan. tree, Swed. Odd, tree, trd, timber; allied forms are found in Russ. drevo, Gr. opus, oak, and 36pv, spear, Welsh derw, Irish darog, oak, and Skr. dare, wood)
• TREE, SIR HERBERT BEERBOHM (1853- )

tree; there is a monument to Colonel Milam in Milam Square . One mile N. of the city on See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

Government See also:

• HILL
• HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
• HILL, A
• HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
• HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
• HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
• HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
• HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
• HILL, JAMES J
• HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
• HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
• HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
• HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
• HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)

Hill is Fort Sam See also:

• HOUSTON
• HOUSTON, SAM, or SAMUEL (1793-1863)

Houston (established in 1865), headquarters of the See also:

• DEPARTMENT (Fr. departement, from departir, to separate into parts)

Department of Texas, with an See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army See also:

• HOSPITAL (Lat. haspitalis, the adjective of hospes, host or guest)

hospital (1885) and a See also:

• TOWER (Lat. turris; Fr. tour, clocker; Ital. torre; Ger. Thurm)

tower 88 ft. high . There are several old See also:

• MISSIONS (Lat. missio, a sending)

missions near the city, notably the Mission La Purisima See also:

• CONCEPCION
• CONCEPCION, or VILLA CONCEPCION

Concepcion de See also:

• ACUNA, CHRISTOVAL DE (1597-c. 1676)

Acuna (the " First Mission "), 2 M . S. of the city, built here in 1731-1752, having formerly been in E . Texas; the Mission San Jose de Aguayo (the " Second Mission "), 4 M . S. of San Antonio, built in 1720-1731; the Mission San Juan de See also:

• CAPISTRANO, GIOVANNI DI (1386-1456)

Capistrano (the " Third Mission "), 6 m . S. of the Main Plaza built in 1731; and San Francisco de la Espada (the " See also:

• FOURTH

Fourth Mission," also built in 1731 and also removed here from E . Texas), which is 8 m . S. of the Main Plaza and is now used for service by the See also:

• LOCAL

local Mexicans . The city has 21 parks and plazas . Within the city limits in its N. central See also:

• PART

part is Brackenridge See also:

• PARK (Fr. part; Ital. parco; Sp. Marque; O.Eng. pearroc; connected with Ger. pferch, fold, and pfarrei, district, translating med. Lat. parochia, parish)
• PARK, EDWARDS AMASA (1808–1900)
• PARK, MUNGO (1771-1806?)

Park (200 acres) along the San Antonio; r m .

N.E. of the city is San Pedro Park (40 acres), the source of the San Pedro river; in Travis Park is a Confederate monument; and 3 M . S. of the city are the International See also:

• FAIR

Fair Grounds, where in 1898 Colonel See also:

• THEODORE
• THEODORE (602-690)
• THEODORE (Fedor) GRIGORIEVICH ORLOV, COUNT (1741–1796)
• THEODORE (Rus. Fedor, or Feodor)

Theodore See also:

• ROOSEVELT, THEODORE (1858— )

Roosevelt organized his " Rough Riders," and See also:

• RIVERSIDE

Riverside Park . The most notable of the plazas are Military, Main and Alamo . The anniversary of the See also:

• BATTLE

Battle of San Jacinto, the 21st of See also:

• APRIL

April, is annually celebrated by a " Battle of See also:

• FLOWERS, ARTIFICIAL

Flowers." Annually in See also:

• OCTOBER

October an International Fair is held, to which See also:

• MEXICO
• MEXICO (Span. Mejico, or Mexico,)
• MEXICO, FEDERAL DISTRICT OF
• MEXICO, GULF OF

Mexico sends an exhibit of Mexican products and manufactures . The See also:

• CLIMATE

climate is mild with a mean summer temperature of 82° F. and a See also:

• WINTER, JOHN STRANGE
• WINTER, PETER (c. 1755-1825)

winter See also:

• AVERAGE

average of 54°, and this and the dry purity of the See also:

• AIR (from an Indo-European root meaning " breathe," " blow ")
• AIR, or ASBEN

air make it a See also:

• HEALTH

health resort; it is also the winter See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home of many Northerners . There is See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good See also:

• SHOOTING

shooting (doves, See also:

• QUAIL (0. Fr. Quaille, Mod. Fr. Caille, Ital. Quaglia, Low Lat. Quaquila, Du. Kwakkel and Kwartel, Ger. Wachtel, Dan. Vagtel)

quail, See also:

• WILD, JONATHAN (c. 1682-1725)

wild See also:

• TURKEY

turkey and See also:

• DEER (O. E. rigor, dfor, a common Teutonic word, meaning a wild animal, cf. Ger. Tier, Du. dier, &c., probably from a root dhus-, to breathe)
• DEER, CHINESE

deer) in the vicinity; there are See also:

• FINE

fine See also:

• GOLF (in its older forms GOFF, GOUFF or GOWFF, the last of which gives the genuine old pronunciation)

golf links and there is a large See also:

• RANCH

ranch for breeding and training See also:

• POLO (Tibetan pulu, ball)
• POLO, GASPAR GIL (?153o-1591)
• POLO, MARCO (c. 1254-1324)

polo ponies . In the See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern suburbs two artesian See also:

• WELLS
• WELLS, CHARLES JEREMIAH (1798?–1879)
• WELLS, DAVID AMES (1828—1898)
• WELLS, HERBERT GEORGE (1866— )
• WELLS, SIR THOMAS SPENCER, 1ST BART

wells, 1800-2000 ft. deep, See also:

• DISCHARGE (adapted from the O. Fr. discharge, modern decharge, from a med. Lat. discargare, to unload, dis- and earn care, to load, cf. " charge ")

discharge 800,000 gallons a See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day of strong See also:

• SULPHUR

sulphur water . (temperature 1o3°-1o6° F.), which is used for treating See also:

• RHEUMATISM (from Gr. /56µa, flux)

rheumatism and skin diseases . Near one of these wells is the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

South-western (State) Hospital for the Insane (1892) . The city has a good public school See also:

• SYSTEM

system, including, besides the usual departments, departments of See also:

• MANUAL

manual training and domestic See also:

• SCIENCE (Lat. scientia, from scire; to learn, know)

science . In 1910 there were 3o See also:

• SCHOOLS

schools -26 for whites and 4 for negroes . Among the educational institutions in San Antonio are the San Antonio See also:

• FEMALE

Female See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

College (Methodist Episcopal, South; 1894), the See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

West Texas Military See also:

• ACADEMY, GREEK
• ACADEMY, ROYAL

Academy; See also:

• PEACOCK (Lat. Pavo, O. Eng. Pawe, Du. pauuw, Ger. Pfau, Fr. Paon)
• PEACOCK, GEORGE (1791–1858)
• PEACOCK, SIR BARNES (1810-189o)
• PEACOCK, THOMAS LOVE (1785-1866)

Peacock Military School; St See also:

• MARY
• MARY (1457-1482)
• MARY (1496-1533)
• MARY, QUEEN OF SCOTS

Mary's Hall (See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic); St See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis College; and the Academy of Our See also:

• LADY (0. Eng. hlaefdige, Mid. Eng. ldfdi, lavedi; the first part of the word is hldf, loaf, bread, as in the corresponding hldford, lord; the second part is usually taken to be from the root dig-, to knead, seen also in " dough "; the sense development fr

Lady of the See also:

• LAKE
• LAKE, GERARD LAKE, 1ST VISCOUNT (1744-1808)

Lake (under the Sisters of Divine See also:

• PROVIDENCE

Providence, who have a See also:

• CONVENT (Lat. conventus, from convenire, to come together)

convent here) .

The city is the see of See also:

• PROTESTANT

Protestant Episcopal and 1 The cathedral is the centre of the city accordinb to the See also:

• CHARTER (Lat. charta, carta, from Gr. Xap-rns, originally for papyrus, material for writing, thence transferred to paper and from this material to the document, in O. Eng. boc, book)

charter, which describes the city as including " six See also:

• MILES, NELSON APPLETON (1839— )

miles square, of which the sides shall be equi-distant from what is known as the See also:

• CUP (in O.E. cuppe; generally taken to be from Late Lat. cuppa, a variant of Lat. cupa, a cask, cf. Gr. KuaeXXov)

cup&&a of the cathedral of San Fernando and three miles therefrom." Roman Catholic bishops . Among the charitable institutions are the City Hospital (1886), the See also:

• SANTA

Santa See also:

• ROSA, CARL AUGUST NICHOLAS (1843-1889)
• ROSA, MONTE
• ROSA, SALVATOR (1615-1673)

Rosa Infirmary (1869), maintained by Sisters of Charity, a House of See also:

• REFUGE

Refuge (1897), s See also:

• RESCUE (in Middle Eng. rescous, from O. Fr. recousse, Low Lat. rescussa, from reexcussa,reexcutere, to shake off again, re, again, ex, off, quatere, to shake)

Rescue Home (1895), a home for destitute See also:

• CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

children and aged persons (1897), the St See also:

• FRANCIS
• FRANCIS (FRarrcols) OF SALES, ST (1567-1622)
• FRANCIS (Lat. Franciscus, Ital. Francesco, Span. Francisco, Fr. Francois, Ger. Franz)
• FRANCIS, SIR PHILIP (174o-1818)

Francis Home for the Aged (1893), Sr See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John's See also:

• ORPHAN

Orphan See also:

• ASYLUM (from Gr. b.-, privative, arid earl, right'of seizure)
• ASYLUM, RIGHT OF (Fr. droit d'asile; Ger. Asylrecht)

Asylum (1878), St See also:

• JOSEPH
• JOSEPH, COMTE DE (1785-1870)
• JOSEPH, FATHER (FRANCOIS LECLERC DU TREMBLAY) (1577-1638)

Joseph's Orphan Asylum (1871) and the Protestant Home for Destitute Children (1887) . The See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal manufactures are See also:

• MALT (O. Eng., mealt; O. Sax., malt; O. Tent., maltos; Mod. Ger., Malz; Scand., malt; probably derived from the Sanskrit mrdu, soft, thus having reference to the fact that malt is raw grain rendered soft or tender)

malt liquors, See also:

• FLOUR

flour and grist-See also:

• MILL
• MILL (O. Eng. mylen, later myln, or miln, adapted from the late Lat. molina, cf. Fr. moulin, from Lat. mola, a mill, molere, to grind; from the same root, mol, is derived " meal;" the word appears in other Teutonic languages, cf. Du. molen, Ger. muhle)
• MILL, JAMES (1773-1836)
• MILL, JOHN (c. 1645–1707)
• MILL, JOHN STUART (1806-1873)

mill products and See also:

• STEAM
• STEAM (0. Eng. steam, vapour, smoke, cf. Du. steam; the origin is unknown)

steam railway cars . San Antonio is the commercial centre of a great live stock and farming region . Under the charter of 1903, as amended in 1907, the municipal government consists of a city See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council, composed of the See also:

• MAYOR (Lat. major, greater)
• MAYOR, JOHN EYTON BICKERSTETH (1825– )

mayor, four aldermen, elected at large, and eight See also:

• WARD
• WARD, ADOLPHUS WILLIAM (1837- )
• WARD, ARTEMUS
• WARD, EDWARD MATTHEW (1816-1879)
• WARD, ELIZABETH STUART PHELPS (1844-1911)
• WARD, JAMES (1769--1859)
• WARD, JAMES (1843– )
• WARD, JOHN QUINCY ADAMS (1830-1910)
• WARD, LESTER FRANK (1841– )
• WARD, MARY AUGUSTA [MRS HUMPHRY WARD]
• WARD, WILLIAM (1766-1826)
• WARD, WILLIAM GEORGE (1812-1882)

ward aldermen, all elected for a See also:

• TERM

term of two years, as are the other elective See also:

• OFFICERS

officers; a city See also:

• ATTORNEY (from O. Fr. atorne, a person appointed to act for another, from atourner, legal Lat. attornare, attorn, literally to turn over to another or commit business to another)

attorney, an See also:

• ASSESSOR (Lat. assessare, assidere, to sit by)

assessor, a See also:

• COLLECTOR

collector, a treasurer, an auditor and See also:

• JUDGE (Lat. judex, Fr. juge)

judge of the See also:

• CORPORATION (from Lat. corporare, to form into a body, corpus, corporis)

Corporation Court . Any elective officer may be removed by the See also:

• VOTE

vote of eight members of the council . Other officers are appointed by the mayor with the See also:

• CONFIRMATION (Lat. confirmatio, from confirmare, to establish, make firm)

confirmation of the council . The city water See also:

• SUPPLY (through Fr. from Lat. supplere, to fill up)

supply, owned by a private corporation, is obtained from artesian wells with a capacity of 40,000,000 gallons a day . The city has a See also:

• SEWER

sewer-See also:

• FARM

farm of 530 acres which the charter forbids it to sell . San Antonio was the See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital of Texas during the periods of See also:

• SPANISH

Spanish and Mexican See also:

• RULE

rule . The presidio of San Antonio de Bexar and the mission of San Antonio de Valero were founded in 1718 under the direction of See also:

• MARTIN (Martinus)
• MARTIN, BON LOUIS HENRI (1810-1883)
• MARTIN, CLAUD (1735-1800)
• MARTIN, FRANCOIS XAVIER (1762-1846)
• MARTIN, HOMER DODGE (1836-1897)
• MARTIN, JOHN (1789-1854)
• MARTIN, LUTHER (1748-1826)
• MARTIN, SIR THEODORE (1816-1909)
• MARTIN, SIR WILLIAM FANSHAWE (1801–1895)
• MARTIN, ST (c. 316-400)
• MARTIN, WILLIAM (1767-1810)

Martin de See also:

• ALARCON, HERNANDO DE
• ALARCON, JUAN RUIZ DE (1518 ?-1639)
• ALARCON, PEDRO ANTONIO DE (1833-1891)

Alarcon, governor of See also:

• COAHUILA

Coahuila . San Antonio was accordingly from the beginning a See also:

• COMBINATION (Lat. combinare, to combine)

combination of two of the three types of Spanish See also:

• SETTLEMENT
• SETTLEMENT, ACT OF

settlement, the military and the ecclesiastical (see TEXAS: See also:

• HISTORY

History) .

To these was added the third, the See also:

• CIVIL

civil type, in 1731, when the See also:

• VILLA

villa of San Fernando was established . Several missions were established in the neighbourhood, including those already mentioned and San See also:

• XAVIER, FRANCISCO DE (1506-1552)

Xavier de Naxera (1722), a new See also:

• FOUNDATION (Lat. fundatio, from fundare, to found)

foundation . All of these missions decreased in importance with the disappearance of the See also:

• INDIANS, NORTH AMERICAN

Indians and by the See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close of the See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period of Spanish rule (1821) had been abandoned . San Antonio was captured by the See also:

• MAGEE, WILLIAM (1766—1831)
• MAGEE, WILLIAM CONNOR (1821-1891)

Magee-Gutierrez party in 1813, but was recovered by the Mexican royalists (see TEXAS: History) . It was besieged by the Texan army under See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

General See also:

• STEPHEN
• STEPHEN (1097?-1154)
• STEPHEN (ISTVAN) BATHORY (1533-1586)
• STEPHEN, SIR JAMES (1789-1859)
• STEPHEN, SIR JAMES FITZJAMES, BART
• STEPHEN, SIR LESLIE (1832-1904)

Stephen F . Austin and See also:

• EDWARD

Edward Burleson in 1835 and was finally taken See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early in December as the result of an attack led by Colonel See also:

• BENJAMIN
• BENJAMIN, JUDAHPHILIP (1811-1884)

Benjamin R . Milam . Its recapture by Santa See also:

• ANNA
• ANNA (Hindustani ana)
• ANNA, BALDASARRE

Anna, See also:

• FEBRUARY

February–See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1836, was distinguished by the heroic See also:

• DEFENCE
• DEFENCE (Lat. defendere, to defend)

defence of the mission (particularly the chapel of the Alamo) by Colonels See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William See also:

• BARRETT, LAWRENCE (1838-1891)
• BARRETT, LUCAS (1837-1862)

Barrett Travis, James Bowie and See also:

• DAVY, SIR HUMPHRY

Davy See also:

• CROCKETT, DAVID (1786–1836)
• CROCKETT, SAMUEL RUTHERFORD (186o– )

Crockett, and 178 others against the attack of about 4000 Mexicans . After a See also:

• BOMBARDMENT

bombardment lasting from the 23rd of February to the 6th of March, the Mexicans assaulted on the 6th, were twice beaten back, and then over-powered and slaughtered the See also:

• GARRISON
• GARRISON, WILLIAM LLOYD (1805-1879)

garrison, the five survivors being subsequently bayonetted in See also:

• COLD (in O. Eng. cald and ceald, a word coming ultimately from a root cognate with the Lat. gelu, gelidus, and common in the Teutonic languages, which usually have two distinct forms for the substantive and the adjective, cf. Ger. Kolte, kalt, Dutch koude

cold See also:

• BLOOD

blood . Three See also:

• WOMEN

women, one a Mexican, two children and a See also:

• NEGRO (from Lat. eager, black)

negro servant were spared . " Remember the Alamo " became a See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war-cry of the Texans . The Mexicans again invaded Texas in 1842, and San Antonio was twice captured and held for See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short periods, first by General Vasquez and later by General Woll .

After 1836 there was a large influx of Anglo-Americans and Germans, and the Mexican See also:

• ELEMENT (Lat. elementum)

element long ago ceased to predominate . Charters of See also:

• INCORPORATION (from Lat. incorporare, to form into a body)

incorporation were granted in 1837, 1842, 1852, 1856, 187o and 1903 . At San Antonio in February 1861 General See also:

• DAVID
• DAVID (a Hebrew name meaning probably beloved 1)
• DAVID, FELICIEN (1810—1876)
• DAVID, GERARD [GHEERAERT DAVIT], (?=1523)
• DAVID, PIERRE JEAN (1789–1856)
• DAVID, ST (Dewi, Sant)

David E . Twiggs (1790-1862), a See also:

• VETERAN

veteran of the Mexican War, surrendered the Department of Texas, without resistance, to the Confederate general, See also:

• BEN (from Old Eng. bennan, within)

Ben McCglloch; for this General Twiggs was dismissed from the See also:

• UNITED

United States army, and in May he became a See also:

• MAJOR
• MAJOR (Lat. for " greater ")
• MAJOR (or MAIR), JOHN (1470-1550)

major-general in the Confederate service . The rapid growth of San Antonio dates from 1878, when the first railway entered the city . See William Corner, San Antonio de Bexar (San Antonio, 189o); The Quarterly of the Texas State See also:

• HISTORICAL

Historical Association, ii . 217-226, viii . 277-352 ; and See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George P .