SAN BERNARDINO  , a city and the county-seat of San Bernardino county, California, U.S.A., about 6o m . E. of Los Angeles . Pop . (1900) 6150 (873 foreign-born); (191o) 12,779 . It is served by the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe, the Southern Pacific and the San Pedro, Los Angeles & Salt Lake railways, and by an interurban electric line . The city is situated in a valley at an altitude of about 1050 ft., at the S. base of the San Bernardino mountain range and 20 M . W. of San Bernardino mountain (11,600 ft.) . Among the public buildings are a Carnegie library (1903; the library was established in 1891), with 1o,000 volumes in 1909, and the county court house . There are two public parks, Lugo, near the centre of the city, and Meadowbrook, on the E. outskirts . San Bernardino is one of several places (Redlands, Highland, Rialto, Colton., Bloomington, Riverside, Pomona) that lie near together in part of the citrus fruit, alfalfa and grain region of S . California . The Santa Fe railway has extensive repair and construction shops here .

San Bernardino is popularly known as the "

Gate City of Southern California." Five miles N. of the city, and connected with it by electric railway, at the base of a mountain on whose side is a great blaze shaped like an arrow-head, are the Arrowhead Hot Springs (196° F.), resembling the Carlsbad waters; the hotel at the Springs is heated by their waters . Other hot springs near San Bernardino are the Urbita, 14 m . S., and the Harlem, 4 M . N.E . About 1822 Spanish missionaries settled about 5 M. from the site of the present city and called their mission San Bernardino (from St Bernardin of Siena) . In 1851 the Mormons established here a colony, which was abandoned in 1857 . The county was organized in 1853 with the county-seat at San Bernardino, which was incorporated as a town in 1854 . It was deprived of its charter in 1861, but received a new one in 1864 . The Southern Pacific in 1876 gave the city connexion with the ocean, and the Santa Fe in 1885 connected it with the East . Under a state enactment in 1905 San Bernardino adopted a new charter which provides for the " recall " by petition, the initiative and the referendum .