i.e. " the manufacturer or seller of

silk "]

See also:

• HARIZI, JUDAH BEN SOLOMON (13th cent.)

Harizi not only al-liariri who is also the author

See also:

• i.e. " the manufacturer or seller of silk "] Harizi not only al-liariri who is also the author SAR1RI [Abu Mabommed ul-Qasim ibn 'Ali ibn Mabommed hero and of the narrator (I054-I122)

SAR1RI [

See also:

• ABU

Abu Mabommed ul-Qasim

See also:

• IBN

ibn '

See also:

• ALI

Ali ibn Mabommed

See also:

• HERO (Gr. open)
• HERO, THE YOUNGER

hero and of the narrator (I054-

See also:

• I122

I122)  , Arabian writer, was born at Basra . He owned a large estate with 18,000 date-palms at Mashan, a village near Basra . He is said to have occupied a government position, but devoted his life to the study of the niceties of the Arabic language . On this subject he wrote a grammatical poem the Mulhat ul-`Iritb (French trans . Les Recreations grammaticales with notes by L . Pinto, Paris 1885—1889; extracts in S. de Sacy's Anthologie arabe, pp . 145—151, Paris, 1829); a work on the faults of the educated called Purrat ul-Ghawwds (ed . H . Thorbecke, Leipzig, 1871), and some smaller treatises such as the twolettersonwords containing the letters sin and shin (ed. in Arnold's Chrestomathy, pp . 202-9) . But his fame rests chiefly on his fifty magamas (see ARABIA: Literature, section " Belles Lettres ") . These were written in rhymed prose like those of Hamadhani, and are full of allusions to Arabian history, poetry and tradition, and discussions of difficult points of Arabic grammar and rhetoric .

The Ma amas have been edited with Arabic commentary by S. de Sacy (Paris, 1822, 2nd ed. with French notes by

Reinaud and J . Derenbourg, Paris, 1853); with English notes by F . Steingass (London, 1896) . An English translation with notes was made by T . Preston (London, 185o), and another by T . Chenery and F . Steingass (London, 1867 and 1898) . Many editions have been published in the East with commentaries, especially with that of Sharishi (d . 1222) . . (G . W . T.) HARI-RUD, a river of Afghanistan .

It rises in the

northern slopes of the Koh-i-Baba to the west of Kabul, and finally loses itself in the Tejend oasis north of the Trans-Caspian railway and west of Merv . It runs a remarkably straight course west-ward through a narrow trough from Daolatyar to Obeh, amidst the bleak wind-swept uplands of the highest central elevations in Afghanistan . From Obeh to Kuhsan 50 in. west of Herat, it forms a valley of great fertility, densely populated and highly cultivated; practically all its waters being drawn off for purposes of irrigation . It is the contrast between the cultivated aspect of the valley of Herat and the surrounding desert that has given Herat its great reputation for fertility . Three miles to the south of Herat the Kandahar road crosses the river by a masonry bridge of 26 arches now in ruins . A few miles below Herat the river begins to turn north-west, and after passing through a rich country to Kuhsan, it turns due north and breaks through the Paropamisan hills . Below Kuhsan it receives fresh tributaries from the west . Between Kuhsan and Zulfikar it forms the boundary between Afghanistan and Persia, and from Zulfikar to Sarakhs between Russia and Persia . North of Sarakhs it diminishes rapidly in volume till it is lost in the sands of the Turkman desert . The Hari-Rud marks the only important break existing in the continuity of the great central water-parting of Asia . It is the ancient Arius . (T .

H .