SARAWAK  , a See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state situated in the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north-See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west of See also:

• BORNEO

Borneo; See also:

• AREA

area , 55,000 sq. m.; pop. about 500,600 . The See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast See also:

• LINE

line extends from Tanjong Datu, a prominent cape in 20 3' N., northwards to the mouth of the See also:

• RIVER

river Lawas 5° 10' N. and 115° 30' W., the whole length of the coast line being about 440 M. in a straight line; See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head-See also:

• HUNTING (the verbal substantive from " hunt "; O. Eng. huntian, hunta; apparently connected with O. Eng. hentan, Gothic hinpan, to capture, O.H.G. hunda,booty)

hunting has been entirely suppressed by the See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government, See also:

• SAVE, or SAVA (Ger. Sau; Hungarian Szdva; Lat. Savus)

save for occasional outbreaks among the See also:

• DYAKS, or DAYAKS

Dyaks . The government consists of the See also:

• RAJA

raja (the See also:

• SUCCESSION (Lat. successio, from succedere, to follow after)

succession is hereditary) who is See also:

• ABSOLUTE (Lat. absolvere, to loose, set free)

absolute; assisted by a supreme See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council of seven, consisting of the three See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief See also:

• EUROPEAN

European officials and four See also:

• MALAY

Malay magistrates, nominated by him . There is also a See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general council of fifty which meets every three years . It includes, besides European and Malay officials, native chiefs chosen from all the See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal tribes of the See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country . The whole country comprises four administrative divisions, each of these being subdivided into several districts . The first See also:

• DIVISION (from Lat. dividere, to break up into parts, separate)

division consists of Sarawak proper, which comprises the districts of the river Sarawak, and those of Lundu and Sadong . The second division is formed by the Batang Lupar, Saribas and Kelakah districts . The third division consists of the Rejang, Mukah, Oya and Bintulu; the See also:

• FOURTH

fourth of the Baram, Limbang, Trusan and Lawas districts . The military force—some 250 men, Dyaks and Sikhs—is under the See also:

• CONTROL (Fr. contrdle, older form contre rolle, from Med. Lat. contra-rotulus, a counter roll or copy of a document used to check the original; there is no instance in English of the use of " control " in this, its literal, meaning)

control of an See also:

• ENGLISH

English command-See also:

• ANT
• ANT (O. Eng. aemete, from Teutonic a, privative, and maitan, cut or bite off, i.e. " the biter off "; aemete in Middle English became differentiated in dialect use to (mete, then amte, and so ant, and also to emete, whence the synonym " emmet," now only u

ant . There is also a small See also:

• POLICE (Fr. police, government, civil administration, a police force, Gr. sroXumeia, constitution, condition of a state, roars, city, state)

police force, and the government possesses a few small See also:

• STEAM
• STEAM (0. Eng. steam, vapour, smoke, cf. Du. steam; the origin is unknown)

steam vessels . The See also:

• CIVIL

civil service is regularly organized and pensioned .

The See also:

• SUPERIOR

superior posts, about 5o in number, are filled by Englishmen . There are both See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic and See also:

• PROTESTANT

Protestant See also:

• MISSIONS (Lat. missio, a sending)

missions in Sarawak, the latter forms See also:

• PART

part of the see of the See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop of See also:

• SINGAPORE (Malay, Singapiira, i.e. " The City of the Lion")

Singapore . Sarawak is easily accessible from Singapore, whence the passage occupies about See also:

• FORTY

forty-six See also:

• HOURS, CANONICAL

hours: steamers run at intervals of seven days . The coast is well lighted, lighthouses having been built and maintained in See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order at Tanjong Po, Sirik, Mukah, Oya, Tanjong, Kidurong, Baram Mouth and Brooketon . The See also:

• CLIMATE

climate is equable, the daily temperature ranging on the See also:

• AVERAGE

average between 70° and 9o° . The nights are generally cool . The rainfall averages about 200 in. annually, it is heaviest during the north-See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east See also:

• MONSOON
• MONSOON (Arabic Mausim, season)

monsoon (See also:

• OCTOBER

October–See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March), but continues through the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south-west monsoon, which blows for the See also:

• REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest of the See also:

• YEAR

year . See also:

• HISTORY

History.—In 1839–184o Sarawak (which then comprised only the districts now constituting the first and second divisions), the most See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province of the sultanate of See also:

• BRUNEI

Brunei, was in See also:

• REBELLION

rebellion against the tyranny of the Malay officials, insufficiently controlled by the raja Muda Hassim . The insurgents held out at Blidah fort in the Siniawan See also:

• DISTRICT

district, and there See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James See also:

• BROOKE, FRANCES (1724-1789)
• BROOKE, FULKE OREVILLE, 1ST BARON (1554-1628)
• BROOKE, HENRY (c. 1703-1783)
• BROOKE, SIR JAMES (1803-1868)
• BROOKE, STOPFORD AUGUSTUS (1832– )

Brooke first took part in the affairs of the territory . By his assistance the insurrection was suppressed, and on See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 24th Muda Hassim resigned in his favour and he became raja of Sarawak . In 1843–1844 See also:

• CAPTAIN (derived from Lat. ca put, head, through the Low Lat. capitanus)

Captain (afterwards See also:

• ADMIRAL

Admiral Sir See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry) See also:

• KEPPEL, AUGUSTUS KEPPEL, VISCOUNT (1725-1786)
• KEPPEL, SIR HENRY (1809-1904)

Keppel (q.v.) and Raja Brooke expelled the Malay and Dyak pirates from the Saribas and Batang Lupar See also:

• RIVERS
• RIVERS, ANTHONY WOODVILLE, or WYDEVILLE, 2ND EARL (c. 1442—1483)
• RIVERS, EARL
• RIVERS, RICHARD SAVAGE, 4TH EARL (c. 1660—1712)

rivers, and See also:

• BROKE, or BROOKE, ARTHUR (d. 1563)
• BROKE, SIR PHILIP BOWES VERE, BART

broke up the fleets of Lanun pirates, which, descending from the Sulu Islands and the territory which is now See also:

• BRITISH

British North Borneo, had See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long been the See also:

• SCOURGE (Ital. scoriada, from Lat. excoriare, to flay, corium, skin)

scourge of the seas . In 1857 the See also:

• CHINESE, JAPANESE AND

Chinese, who for many generations had been working the alluvial deposits of See also:

• GOLD
• GOLD [symbol Au, atomic weight 195.7(H = 1),197.2(0 =16)]

gold in Upper Sarawak, sacked Kuching, killed two or three of the English residents and seized the government; Raja Brooke narrowly escaping with his See also:

• LIFE

life .

His See also:

• NEPHEW

nephew, afterwards raja, quickly raised a force of See also:

• MALAYS

Malays and Dyaks in the Batang Lupar district and suppressed the insurrection, See also:

• DRIVING (from " to drive," i.e. generally to propel, force along or in, a word common in various forms to the Teutonic languages)

driving the See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main See also:

• BODY

body of the rebels out of the Sarawak territory . Raja Sir See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles See also:

• JOHNSON, ANDREW
• JOHNSON, ANDREW (1808–1875)
• JOHNSON, BENJAMIN (c. 1665-1742)
• JOHNSON, EASTMAN (1824–1906)
• JOHNSON, REVERDY (1796–1876)
• JOHNSON, RICHARD (1573–1659 ?)
• JOHNSON, RICHARD MENTOR (1781–1850)
• JOHNSON, SAMUEL (1709-1784)
• JOHNSON, SIR THOMAS (1664-1729)
• JOHNSON, SIR WILLIAM (1715–1774)
• JOHNSON, THOMAS

Johnson Brooke (b . 1829) succeeded his See also:

• UNCLE

uncle at his See also:

• DEATH

death in 1868 ; in 1888 he was created G.C.M.G. and Sarawak was made a British See also:

• PROTECTORATE

Protectorate, and in 1904 the position of his See also:

• HIGHNESS

highness as raja of Sarawak was formally recognized by See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

King See also:

• EDWARD

Edward . His eldest son, the raja Muda (Charles Vyner Brooke, b . 1874), has for some years taken part in the See also:

• ADMINISTRATION (Lat. administrare, to serve)

administration of the country . The extent of the raj of Sarawak, at the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time when Sir James Brooke became its ruler, was not more than 7000 sq. m.; since that time the basins of the four rivers, Rejang, Muka, Baram and Trusan, have been added . The See also:

• SULTAN (an Arabic word meaning " victorious " or " a ruler," sultat, dominion)

sultan of Brunei, who claimed See also:

• SUZERAINTY

suzerainty over them, ceded them on successive occasions in See also:

• CONSIDERATION (from Lat. considerare, to look at closely, examine, generally taken to be from con-, and the base seen in sidus, sideris, a star, the word being supposed to be originally an astrological or astronomical term)

consideration of See also:

• ANNUAL

annual See also:

• MONEY

money payments . A few years after these cessions had been made many of the See also:

• PEOPLE

people of the river Limbang See also:

• ROSE
• ROSE (Rosa)
• ROSE, GEORGE (1744-1818)
• ROSE, HUGH JAMES (1795—1838)
• ROSE, WILLIAM STEWART (1775-1843)

rose in rebellion against the sultan, and their territory was annexed by Sarawak, with the subsequentapproval of the British government . In 1905 the See also:

• BASIN, or BASON (the older form bacin is found in many of the Romanic languages, from the Late Lat. baccinus or bacchinus, probably derived from bacca, a bowl)
• BASIN, THOMAS (1412—1491)

basin of yet another river, the Lawas, was added to the See also:

• NORTHERN

northern end of Sarawak, the territory being acquired by See also:

• PURCHASE

purchase from the British North Borneo See also:

• COMPANY

Company . See Charles Brooke, Ten Years in Sarawak (1866) ; Gertrude L . See also:

• JACOB
• JACOB, JOHN (1812-1858)

Jacob, The Raja of Sarawak (1876); See also:

• SPENCER
• SPENCER, HERBERT (1820-1903)
• SPENCER, JOHN CHARLES SPENCER, 3RD EARL (1782-1845)
• SPENCER, JOHNPOYNTZ SPENCER
• SPENCER, WILLIAM ROBERT (1769-1834)

Spencer St See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John, Life in the Forests of the Far East (1862), and Life of Sir James Brooke (1879); "Notes on Sarawak" in Proc.See also:

• ROY, WILLIAM (1726-1790)

Roy.Geogr.See also:

• SOC

Soc . (1881), by W.M.Crocker; " In the See also:

• HEART
• HEART, LUNG

Heart of Borneo," Proc .

Roy . Geogr . Soc . (See also:

• JULY

July 1900), by Charles See also:

• HOSE (a word common to many Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch, hoes, stocking, Ger. Hose, breeches, tights; the ultimate origin is unknown)

Hose; and The Far Eastern Tropics (1905), by Alleyne See also:

• IRELAND
• IRELAND, CHURCH
• IRELAND, CHURCH OF
• IRELAND, JOHN (1761-1842)
• IRELAND, JOHN (1838- )
• IRELAND, WILLIAM HENRY (1777-1835)

Ireland . (C .