i.e." See also:

• PROTECTOR

protector See also:

• i.e." protector SATRAP [Pers. Khshatrapavan (superintendent) of the country (or district)," Heb. sakhshadrapan, Gr. taerpan-ris (insc. of Miletus, Sitzungsber. Berl. Ak. 1900, 112), E% u3pa7eixav (insc. of Mylasa, Dittenberger, Sylloge, 95), ital. p6. rr

SATRAP [Pers. Khshatrapavan (See also:

• SUPERINTENDENT

superintendent) of the See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country (or See also:

• DISTRICT

district)," Heb. sakhshadrapan, Gr. taerpan-ris (insc. of See also:

• MILETUS (mod. Palatia)

Miletus, Sitzungsber. Berl. Ak. 1900, 112), E% u3pa7eixav (insc. of Mylasa, Dittenberger, Sylloge, 95), ital. p6. rr  is (insc. of Mylasa Lebas iii . 388, Theopomp p . 111), shortened into varpalrlis], in See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient See also:

• HISTORY

history, the name given by the Persians to the See also:

• GOVERNORS

governors of the provinces . By the earlier See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek authors (See also:

• HERODOTUS (c. 484-425 B.C.)

Herodotus, See also:

• THUCYDIDES (OovavMns)

Thucydides and often in See also:

• XENOPHON

Xenophon) it is rendered by iivrapxos " See also:

• LIEUTENANT

lieutenant, See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor," in the documents -from Babylonia and See also:

• EGYPT

Egypt and in See also:

• EZRA (from a Hebrew word meaning " help ")
• EZRA, FOURTH BOOK (or APOCALYPSE) OF
• EZRA, THIRD BOOK OF [I Esdras]

Ezra and See also:

• NEHEMIAH (Heb. for " Yah[weh] comforts ")

Nehemiah by pakha, " governor "; and the See also:

• SATRAP [Pers. Khshatrapavan, i.e." protector (superintendent) of the country (or district)," Heb. sakhshadrapan, Gr. taerpan-ris (insc. of Miletus, Sitzungsber. Berl. Ak. 1900, 112), E% u3pa7eixav (insc. of Mylasa, Dittenberger, Sylloge, 95), ital. p6. rr

satrap Mazaeus of See also:

• CILICIA

Cilicia and See also:

• SYRIA

Syria in the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time of See also:

• DARIUS (Pers. Darayavaush; Old Test. Daryavesh)

Darius III. and See also:

• ALEXANDER
• ALEXANDER (1461-1506)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OF BATTENBERG) (1857-1893)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OsxENOVici) (1876-1903)
• ALEXANDER, ARCHIBALD (1772—1851)
• ALEXANDER, FRANCIS (1800—1881)
• ALEXANDER, GEORGE (1858— )
• ALEXANDER, JOHN WHITE (1856- )
• ALEXANDER, JOSEPH ADDISON (18o9—186o)
• ALEXANDER, SIR JAMES EDWARD (1803—1885)
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM (1824— )
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM LINDSAY (1808—1884)

Alexander (See also:

• ARRIAN (FLAvrus ARRIANUS)

Arrian iii . 8) calls himself on his coins " Mazdai, who is [placed] over the See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country beyond the Euphratesand Cilicia." See also:

• CYRUS
• CYRUS (Gr. KDpos; Pers. Kuru-sh; Babyl. Kurash; Hebr. Koresh)

Cyrus the See also:

• GREAT

Great divided his See also:

• EMPIRE

empire into provinces; a definitive organization was given by Darius, who established twenty great satrapies and fixed their See also:

• TRIBUTE (Lat. tributurn, a stated payment, contribution)

tribute (Herodot . 89 sqq.) The satrap was the See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head of the See also:

• ADMINISTRATION (Lat. administrare, to serve)

administration of his See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province; he collected the taxes, controlled the See also:

• LOCAL

local officials and the subject tribes and cities, and was the supreme See also:

• JUDGE (Lat. judex, Fr. juge)

judge of the province to whose " See also:

• CHAIR (in. Mid. Eng. chcere, through O. Fr. chaire or chaiere, from Lat. cathedra, later caledra, Gr. xaOi3pa, seat, cf. "cathedral"; the modern Fr. form chaise, a chair, has been adopted in English with a particular meaning as a form of carriage; chaire

chair " (Nehem. iii . 7) every See also:

• CIVIL

civil and criminal See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case could be brought . He was responsible for the safety of the roads (cf . Xenophon, Anab. i . 9 . 13), and had to put down brigands and rebels . He was assisted by a See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council of Persians, to which also provincials were admitted; and was controlled by a royal secretary and by emissaries of the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king (esp. the " See also:

• EYE
• EYE (O. Eng. edge, Ger. Auge; derived from an Indo-European root also seen in Lat. oc-ulus, the organ of vision (q.v.)

eye of the king ") .

The See also:

• REGULAR

regular See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army of his province and the fortresses were See also:

• INDEPENDENT

independent of him and commanded by royal See also:

• OFFICERS

officers; but he was allowed to have troops in his own service (in later times mostly Greek mercenaries) . The great provinces were divided into many smaller districts, the governors of which are also called satraps and hyparchs . The See also:

• DISTRIBUTION (Lat. distribuere, to deal out)

distribution of the great satrapies was changed occasionally, and often two of them were given to the same See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man . When the empire decayed, the satraps often enjoyed See also:

• PRACTICAL

practical See also:

• INDEPENDENCE
• INDEPENDENCE, DECLARATION OF
• INDEPENDENCE, WAR OF

independence, especially as it became customary to appoint them also as generals in See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief of their army See also:

• DISTRICT

district, contrary to the See also:

• ORIGINAL

original See also:

• RULE

rule . Hence rebellions of satraps became frequent from the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle of the 5th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century; under See also:

• ARTAXERXES

Artaxerxes II. occasionally the greater See also:

• PART

part of See also:

• ASIA

Asia See also:

• MINOR
• MINOR (Lat. for smaller, lesser)
• MINOR, ROBERT CRANNELL (1839-1904)

Minor and Syria was in open See also:

• REBELLION

rebellion . The last great rebellions were put down by Artaxerxes III . The satrapic administration was retained by Alexander and his successors, especially in the Seleucid empire, where the satrap generally is designated as See also:

• STRATEGUS (oTparfyos)

strategus; but their provinces were much smaller than under the Persians . In later times the cult of a See also:

• GOD

god Satrapes occurs in Syrian See also:

• INSCRIPTIONS (from Lat. inscribere, to write upon)

inscriptions from See also:

• PALMYRA

Palmyra and the Hauran; by See also:

• PAUSANIAS

Pausanias vi . 25, 6, Satrapes is mentioned as the name of a god who had a statue and a cult in Ells and is identified with Korybas . The origin of this god is obscure; perhaps it arose from a cult connected with a statue or a See also:

• TOMB (Gr. Tuµ/3a, Tuµ(3os, probably allied to Lat. tumulus, literally a swelling, tumere, to swell)

tomb of some satrap . See further underPExs1A: Ancient History, from the Achaemenid See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period onwards, and See also:

• WORKS

works there quoted (especially See also:

• SECTION
• SECTION (Lat. sectio, cutting, secare, to cut)

section v . § 2) .

(En .