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NICOLAS THEODORE DE SAUSSURE (1767-1845)

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Originally appearing in Volume V24, Page 239 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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NICOLAS See also:THEODORE DE See also:SAUSSURE (1767-1845)  , eldest son of See also:Horace See also:Benedict de See also:Saussure, was See also:born on the 14th of See also:October 1767, at See also:Geneva, and is known chiefly for his See also:work on the See also:chemistry of See also:vegetable See also:physiology . He lived quietly and avoided society; yet like his ancestors he was a member of the blastic and large, possessing a large quantity of yolk; in all the See also:egg is provided in the oviduct with a layer of albumen and outside this with a horny or calcareous See also:shell . In a few cases the egg is hatched in the oviduct, ut n tese cases tere s no ntmate connexon eween the embryo and the walls of the duct . Fertilization takes See also:place internally, occurring at the upper end of the oviduct previously to the deposition of the albuminous layer and egg shell . See also:Comparative See also:anatomy clearly sho*s that birds are closely allied to See also:reptiles; enthusiasts even spoke of them as " glorified reptiles," and this view seemed to receive its See also:proof by the discoveries of See also:Archaeopteryx (q.v.), and the numerous bipedal Dinosaurs . But Archaeopteryx was after all a See also:bird, although still somewhat Genevan representative See also:council, and gave much See also:attention to public affairs . In the latter See also:part of his See also:life he became more of a recluse than ever, and died at Geneva on the 18th of See also:April 1845 . When a See also:young See also:man See also:Nicolas See also:Theodore accompanied his See also:father in his Alpine journeys and assisted him by the careful determination of many See also:physical constants . He was attracted to chemistry by See also:Lavoisier's brilliant conceptions, but he did not become See also:great as an originator . He took a leading See also:share in improving the processes of ultimate organic See also:analysis; and he determined the See also:composition of See also:ethyl See also:alcohol, See also:ether and some other commonly occurring substances . He also studied See also:fermentation, the See also:conversion of See also:starch into See also:sugar, and many other processes of See also:minor importance . The greater number of his 36 published papers dealt with the chemistry and physiology of See also:plants, the nature of soils, and the conditions of vegetable life, and were republished under the See also:title Recherches chimiques sur la vegetation .

End of Article: NICOLAS THEODORE DE SAUSSURE (1767-1845)
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