SAWANTWARI, or SAVANTVADI  , a native state of Bombay, India . Area, 925 sq. m . Pop . (19o1) 217,732, showing an increase of '3% during the preceding decade . The surface is aoay . 9broken and rugged, interspersed with densely-wooded hills; in the valleys are gardens and groves of cocoa-nut and betel-nut palms . Sawantwari has no considerable rivers; the chief streams are the Karli on the north and the Terakhol on the south, both navigable for small craft . The climate is humid and relaxing, with an average annual rainfall of 15o in . The estimated revenue is £28,000 . The chief, whose title is sar desai, is a Mahratta of the Bhonsla family, who traces back his descent to the 16th century . There are special manufactures of ornaments carved out of bison-horn, painted and inlaid lacquer-work, and gold and silver embroidery . The town of SAWANTWARI, or Vadi, is picturesquely situated on the bank of a large lake, 17 M .

E. of the seaport of Vengurla . Pop . (19o1) 10,213 . Before the

establishment of Portuguese power Sawantwari was the highway of a great traffic between the coast and the interior; but during the 16th and 17th centuries trade suffered much from the rivalry of the Portuguese, and in the disturbances of the 18th century it almost entirely disappeared . In consequence of piracy, the whole coast-line (including the port of Vengurla) was ceded to the British in 1812 . SAW-FLY, the name given to the members of a well-known subdivision (Symphyta) of the Hymenoptera characterized by possessing a sessile abdomen which hides the base of the posterior legs . The antennae vary in their structure and in the number of their joints . Two of the processes of the ovipositor are modified to form saws, which when at rest lie in a sheath formed of two other processes which are modified into protective structures or valves . The larvae are usually caterpillars, but may be distinguished from the caterpillars of Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies) by the greater number of their abdominal pro-legs; usually 6 to 8 pairs are present . When alarmed they roll themselves up in a spiral fashion; some also discharge a thin fluid from lateral pores A situated above the Turnip Saw-Fly (Athalia spinarum) . Saw-spiracle s . The Fly (magnified, with lines to left showing natural females place size), caterpillars, pupa and pupa-case. their eggs in small incisions made by means of their saws in the soft parts of leaves .

Usually one

egg is placed in each slit . Some species merely attach their eggs in strings to the exterior of the leaves . With each incision a drop of fluid is usually excreted, which serves to excite a flow of sap to the wounded part . The egg is said to absorb this sap, and so to increase in size . One genus (Nematus) alone forms galls . These occur in the young leaves of the willow, a tree which the true gall-flies do not attack . Nematus ventricosus resembles the bees and wasps in the fact that the parthenogenetic ova produce only males; as a rule in the animal kingdom the absence of fertilization results in the production of females . The injury which the saw-flies inflict upon crops or young trees is almost entirely brought about by the voracious habits of the larvae . These possess well-developed mouth-appendages, by means of which they gnaw their way out of the leaf in which they have been hatched, and then eat it . In this way the turnip saw-fly (Athalia spinarum), not to be confused with the turnip" fly," a beetle (Phyllotreta nemorum) , attacks the leaves of the turnip, often completely consuming the leafage of acres at a time . The pine saw-fly (Lophyrus pins) causes great damage to plantations of young Scotch firs, devouring the buds, the leaves and even the bark of the young shoots . Other species infest currant and gooseberry bushes, consuming the soft parts of the leaves, and leaving only the tough veins .

The only remedy in most cases is to collect and kill the larvae when they first appear, or to spray the

plants with some arsenical wash . The best known family of saw-flies is that of the Tenthredinidae, most of whose caterpillars feed on leaves . The larvae of other famines--the Cephidae and ,Siricidae--are internal feeders, burrowing in succulent II or woody stems, and their limbs are in an extremely reduced condition .