See also:

• SCALE
• SCALE (1) A

SCALE (1) A  small thin flake, See also:

• PLATE

plate or See also:

• SHELL
• SHELL (O. Eng. scell, scyll, cf. Du. sceel, shell, Goth. skalja, tile; the word means originally a thin flake,. cf. Swed. skalja, to peel off; it is allied to " scale " and " skill," from a root meaning to cleave, divide, separate)

shell . The word. in O . Eng. is sceale, so See also:

• BEAN (a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Bohne)

bean-sceale, the husk or pod of a bean; cognate forms are found in Ger . Schale, O.H.G . See also:

• SCALE
• SCALE (1) A

Scale, from which the O . Fr. escale, See also:

• MODERN

modern gcale, is borrowed . The ultimate See also:

• ROOT (late O.E. rot, adopted from Scand., cf. Norw. and Swed. rot, Dan. rod; the true O.E. word was wyrt, plant, represented in Ger. Wurz or Wurzel; the ultimate root is the same in both words, and is seen in Lat. radix)
• ROOT, ELIHU (1845– )

root is seen in the closely allied " shell," and also in See also:

• SKULL

skull, See also:

• SCALP (0. Dutch schelpe, a shell)

scalp, shale and skill, and means to See also:

• PEEL
• PEEL, ARTHUR WELLESLEY PEEL, 1ST VISCOUNT (1829- )
• PEEL, SIR ROBERT, BART

peel off, See also:

• SEPARATE

separate, See also:

• DIVIDE

divide . The word is used specifically (1) in See also:

• BOTANY (from Gr. l3or6v17, plant; ,66vicety, to graze)

botany, of the rudimentary flake-like See also:

• LEAF (O. Eng. leaf, cf. Dutch loof, Ger. Laub, Swed. lof, &c.; possibly to be referred to the root seen in Gr. Ma-eta, to peel, strip)

leaf forming the covering of the leaf-buds of See also:

• DECIDUOUS (from Lat. decidere, to fall down)

deciduous trees and of the bracts of the See also:

• CONE (Gr. Kwvos)

cone in conifers; (2) in See also:

• ZOOLOGY (from Gr. Nov, a living thing, and ?byos, theory)

zoology, of the See also:

• FLAT (a modification of O. Eng. flet, an obsolete word of Teutonic origin, meaning the ground beneath the feet)

flat, hard structures of the epidermis or exoskeleton in fishes, See also:

• REPTILES (Lat. Reptilia, creeping things, from reptilis; ref ere, to creep; Gr. Ep7rety, whence the term " herpetology," for the science dealing with them)

reptiles . Thus in See also:

• ICHTHYOLOGY (from Gr. LxObs, fish, and Xoyos, doctrine or treatise)

ichthyology the various types of scales are classed as See also:

• CYCLOID (from Gr. iciidws, circle, and ennos, form)

cycloid (Gr. abaor, circle), where the growth is in layers, equally from the anterior and posterior edges; ctenoid (Gr . KTIv, See also:

• COMB (a word common in various forms to Teut. languages, cf. Ger. Kamm, the Indo-Europ. origin of which is seen in yoµros, a peg or pin, and Sanskrit, gambhas, a tooth)

comb), where the posterior edge is toothed; ganoid (Gr. yavor, shining), with a hard enamelled See also:

• SURFACE

surface and usually rhomboidal in shape, and placoid (Gr. irXii , tablet), as in the ossified papillae of the cutis of the See also:

• SHARK

shark . In reptiles the See also:

• TERM

term is applied to the structures which See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form the covering of the true reptiles, See also:

• SNAKES

snakes and lizards . In See also:

• ENTOMOLOGY (Gr. iv-roµa, insects, and Xiryos, a discourse)

entomology the downy covering au-apended See also:

• CRADLE (of uncertain etymology, possibly connected with " crate " and " creel," i.e. basket; the derivation from a Celtic word, with a sense of rocking, is scouted by the New English Dictionary)

cradle baaf of the wings of See also:

• LEPIDOPTERA (Gr. ?emir, a scale or husk, and 7rrepov, a wing)

lepidoptera consists of See also:

• MINUTE
• MINUTE (Lat. minutes, small; minuere, to make less)

minute scales, really modifications of hairs, covered with See also:

• FINE

fine lines, giving the See also:

• BRIGHT, JOHN (1811-188g)
• BRIGHT, SIR CHARLES TILSTON

bright See also:

• COLOURS, MILITARY

colours .

Another form in O . Eng. scale is found glossing the See also:

• LAT

Lat. lanx, flat bowl or dish, and is thus used of the dishes or cups of a See also:

• BALANCE (derived through the Fr. from the Late Lat. bilantia, an apparatus for weighing, from bi, two, and lanx, a dish or scale)

balance (bilanx), the See also:

• INSTRUMENT (Lat. instrumentum, from insincere, to build up, furnish, arrange, prepare)

instrument itself being also called " scales." 2 . Properly a See also:

• LADDER, (0. Eng. hlaeder; of Teutonic origin, cf. Dutch leer, Ger. Leiter; the ultimate origin is in the root seen in " lean," Or. KNiµat)

ladder, See also:

• FLIGHT

flight of steps, now only used in the derived " scaling ladder." The word is derived from the Lat. scala (originally scandla, from scandere to climb) . There are many transferred senses of the word, e.g. the distinguishing marks for purposes of measurement on a See also:

• RULE

rule or other measuring instrument; hence a graduated measure or a See also:

• SYSTEM

system of proportional measurement or numeration, and particularly, in See also:

• MUSIC

music, a See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of tones at definite See also:

• STANDARD
• STANDARD, BATTLE OF THE

standard intervals (see See also:

• HARMONY (Gr. dpµovia, a concord of musical sounds, dpA'ew to join; &plan midi (sc. TeXvil)

HARMONY, MUSICAL NOTATION) .