See also:

• SCANDERBEG, or ISKENDER BEY (14o3-1467)

SCANDERBEG, or ISKENDER See also:

• BEY (a modern Turk. word, the older form being beg, cf. Pers. baig)

BEY (14o3-1467)  , known also as " the See also:

• DRAGON (Fr. dragon, through Lat. draco, from the Greek; connected with SEpeoµay " see," and interpreted as " sharp-sighted "; O.H. Ger. tracho, dracho, M.H.G. trache, Mod. Ger. Drachen; A.S. draca, hence the equivalent English form " drake," " fire-drake,

Dragon of See also:

• ALBANIA

Albania," the See also:

• NATIONAL

national See also:

• HERO (Gr. open)
• HERO, THE YOUNGER

hero of the Albanians, was the son of See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John (Giovanni) Castriota, See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

lord of Kroia and of the Mirdite See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country in See also:

• NORTHERN

northern Albania, and of a Servian princess named Vaisava . His actual name was See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George (Giorgio) Castriota, and the name of Iskender See also:

• BEY (a modern Turk. word, the older form being beg, cf. Pers. baig)

Bey (See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

Prince See also:

• ALEXANDER
• ALEXANDER (1461-1506)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OF BATTENBERG) (1857-1893)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OsxENOVici) (1876-1903)
• ALEXANDER, ARCHIBALD (1772—1851)
• ALEXANDER, FRANCIS (1800—1881)
• ALEXANDER, GEORGE (1858— )
• ALEXANDER, JOHN WHITE (1856- )
• ALEXANDER, JOSEPH ADDISON (18o9—186o)
• ALEXANDER, SIR JAMES EDWARD (1803—1885)
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM (1824— )
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM LINDSAY (1808—1884)

Alexander) was given to him by the See also:

• TURKS

Turks in complimentary reference to Alexander the See also:

• GREAT

Great . In 1423, when See also:

• MURAD, or AMURATH

Murad II. invaded See also:

• EPIRUS, or EPEIRUS

Epirus, George Castriota, with his three See also:

• BROTHERS, RICHARD (1757-1824)

brothers, was handed over as a See also:

• HOSTAGE (through Fr. ostage, modern otage, from Late Lat. obsidaticum, the state of being an obses or hostage; Med. Lat. ostaticum, ostagium)

hostage to the Turks and sent to be trained in the service of the seraglio . His brilliant qualities of mind and See also:

• BODY

body at once gained 'him the favour of the See also:

• SULTAN (an Arabic word meaning " victorious " or " a ruler," sultat, dominion)

sultan; he became a Mussulman, was promoted to high military command and, though barely nineteen years of See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age, to the See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government of a sanjak . He remained in the See also:

• OTTOMAN

Ottoman service for twenty years, dissembling his resentment when, on the See also:

• DEATH

death of his See also:

• FATHER

father, his principality was annexed and his brothers poisoned . In 1443, however, his opportunity came with Janos See also:

• HUNYADI, LASZLO (1433—1457)

Hunyadi's victory at See also:

• NISH (also written NISCx and Nis)

Nish . He seized Kroia by stratagem, proclaimed himself a See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian, and gathered the See also:

• WILD, JONATHAN (c. 1682-1725)

wild Albanian clansmen about him . In the inaccessible fastnesses of Albania he maintained a guerilla warfare against the Turks during nearly twenty-five years, easily routing the armies sent against him, and is said to have slain three thousand Turks with his own See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand . In 1461 Murad's successor Mahommed II. acknowledged him by a temporary truce as lord of . Albania and Epirus . He died in 1467 at Alessio, and his See also:

• TOMB (Gr. Tuµ/3a, Tuµ(3os, probably allied to Lat. tumulus, literally a swelling, tumere, to swell)

tomb was See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long the See also:

• OBJECT

object of a superstitious veneration on the See also:

• PART

part of the Turks . See also:

• SCANDERBEG, or ISKENDER BEY (14o3-1467)

Scanderbeg's resistance to the See also:

• TURKISH

Turkish advance was invaluable to the cause of See also:

• CHRISTIANITY

Christianity, but the See also:

• UNION
• UNION (known locally as Union Hill and officially as Town of Union)

union which he had maintained in Albania did not survive him .

He was succeeded in Kroia by his son, Giovanni Castriota, who in 1474 sold the princi- pality to the Venetians, by whom four years later it was re-sold to the Turks . See Georges T . Petrovitch, Scander-beg (Georges Castriota) Essai de bibliographie raisonnee; Ouvrages sur Scander-beg ecrits en langues francaise, anglaise, See also:

• ALLEMANDE (Fr. for danse allemande, or German dance)

allemande, latine, italienne, &c . (See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, 1881); Pisko, Skanderbeg, historische Studie (See also:

• VIENNA (Ger. Wien; Lat. Vindobona)
• VIENNA, CONGRESS OF (1814-1815)

Vienna, 1895) .