See also:

• PHILIP
• PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
• PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
• PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
• PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)

PHILIP See also:

• PHILIP SCHAFF (1819-1893)

SCHAFF (1819-1893)  , See also:

• AMERICAN

American theologian and See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church historian, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born in Chur, See also:

• SWITZERLAND

Switzerland, on the 1st of See also:

• JANUARY

January 1819 . He was educated at the gymnasium of See also:

• STUTTGART

Stuttgart, and at the See also:

• UNIVERSITIES

universities of See also:

• TUBINGEN

Tubingen, See also:

• HALLE (known as HALLE-AN-DER-SAALE, t0 distinguish it from the small town of Halle in Westphalia)
• HALLE, SIR CHARLES (originally KARL HALLE) (1819-1895)

Halle and See also:

• BERLIN
• BERLIN, CONGRESS AND TREATY OF
• BERLIN, ISAIAH (1725–1799)

Berlin, where he was successively influenced by See also:

• BAUR, FERDINAND CHRISTIAN (1792-1860)

Baur and Schmid, by See also:

• THOLUCK, FRIEDRICH

Tholuck and See also:

• JULIUS

Julius See also:

• MULLER, FERDINAND VON, BARON (1825–1896)
• MULLER, FRIEDRICH (1749-1825)
• MULLER, GEORGE (1805-1898)
• MULLER, JOHANNES PETER (18o1-1858)
• MULLER, JOHANNES VON (1752-1809)
• MULLER, JULIUS (18oi-1878)
• MULLER, KARL OTFRIED (1797-1840)
• MULLER, LUCIAN (1836-1898)
• MULLER, WILHELM (1794-1827)
• MULLER, WILLIAM JAMES (1812-1845)

Muller, by See also:

• STRAUSS, DAVID FRIEDRICH (1808-1874)
• STRAUSS, JOHANN (1804-1849)
• STRAUSS, RICHARD (1864– )

Strauss and, above all, See also:

• NEANDER, JOACHIM (1650–1680)
• NEANDER, JOHANN AUGUST WILHELM (1789-1850)

Neander . In 1842 he was Privatdozent in the university of Berlin, and in 1843 he was called to become See also:

• PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

professor of church See also:

• HISTORY

history and Biblical literature in the See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German Reformed Theological See also:

• SEMINARY (Lat. seminarium, from semen, seed)

Seminary of Mercersburg, See also:

• PENNSYLVANIA
• PENNSYLVANIA, UNIVERSITY OF

Pennsylvania, then the only seminary of that church in See also:

• AMERICA

America . On his See also:

• JOURNEY (through O. Fr. jornee or journee, mod. Fr. journee, from med. Lat. diurnata, Lat. diurnus, of or belonging to dies, day)

journey he stayed six months in See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England and met See also:

• PUSEY, EDWARD BOUVERIE (1800-1882)

Pusey and other Tractarians . His inaugural address on The Principle of Protestantism, delivered in German at See also:

• READING

Reading, Pennsylvania, in 1844, and published in German with an See also:

• ENGLISH

English version by J . W . See also:

• NEVIN, JOHN WILLIAMSON (1803-1886)

Nevin (q.v.), by its Neander-like view that Romanism and Protestantism were only stages in the divinely appointed development of the See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian Church, aroused fierce opposition in the Reformed Church and See also:

• SCHAFF, PHILIP (1819-1893)

Schaff was characterized as " Puseyistic " and " semi-papistical "; in 1845 he was tried for See also:

• HERESY

heresy and found not guilty by the See also:

• SYNOD
• SYNOD (Gr. vbvobos)

Synod . Opposition to him soon died out within his own See also:

• DENOMINATION (Lat. denominare, to give a specific name to)

denomination: it was more particularly directed against his polemic See also:

• CHAMPION (Fr. champion, Late Lat. campio from campus; a field or open space, i.e. one " who takes the field " or fights; cf. Ger. Kampf, battle, and Kampfer, fighter)

champion, Nevin, and it had its source more in the Dutch (than in the German) Reformed Church, and even there was confined more to the New See also:

• BRUNSWICK
• BRUNSWICK (Ger. Braunschweig)
• BRUNSWICK, KARL WILHELM FERDINAND, DUKE OF (1735-18o6)

Brunswick school (i.e. the church-men of the Dutch Reformed Theological Seminary in New Brunswick, New See also:

• JERSEY
• JERSEY, EARLS OF

Jersey) and its English and Scottish members, —as See also:

• LATE

late as 1856 J . J . Janeway of New Brunswick published his Antidote to the See also:

• POISON

Poison of Popery in the Writings and Conduct of Professors Nevin and Schaff . Schaff's broad views strongly influenced the German Reformed Church, through his teaching at Mercersburg, through his championship of English in German Reformed churches and See also:

• SCHOOLS

schools in America, through his hymnal (1859), through his labours as chairman of the See also:

• COMMITTEE (from commute, an Anglo-Fr. past participle of commettre, Lat. committere, to entrust; the modern Fr. equivalent comite is derived from the Eng.)

committee which prepared a new See also:

• LITURGY (Low Lat. liturgia; Gr. X€Zros, public, and Epyov, work; )Aetrovpy6s, a public servant)

liturgy, and by his edition (1863) of the See also:

• HEIDELBERG

Heidelberg See also:

• CATECHISM (from Gr. Karnxeiv, teach by word of mouth)

Catechism . His History of the Apostolic Church (in German, 1851; in English, 1853) and his History of the Christian Church (7 vols., 1858–189o), opened a new See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period in American study of ecclesiastical history .

After 1864 his See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home was in New See also:

• YORK
• YORK (HOUSE OF)
• YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
• YORK, EDWARD
• YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
• YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

York See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

City, where he was until 1869 secretary of the New York See also:

• SABBATH

Sabbath Committee (which fought the " See also:

• CONTINENTAL

continental See also:

• SUNDAY

Sunday "), and was corresponding secretary of the American Evangelical See also:

• ALLIANCE

Alliance, of which he was in 1866 a founder . In 1865 he founded the first German Sunday School in Stuttgart . In 1862–1867 he lectured on church history at See also:

• ANDOVER

Andover, and after 1869 taught at the See also:

• UNION
• UNION (known locally as Union Hill and officially as Town of Union)

Union Theological Seminary—as instructor in church history in 1869–187o, and professor of theological cyclopaedia and Christian symbolism in 1870-1873, of See also:

• HEBREW

Hebrew and cognate See also:

• LANGUAGES

languages in 1873–1874, of sacred literature in 1874–1887, and of church history in 1887–1893 . The English See also:

• BIBLE
• BIBLE, ENGLISH

Bible Revision Committee in 1870 requested him to See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form a co-operating American Committee, of which he became See also:

• PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

president in 1871 . He died in New York City on the loth of See also:

• OCTOBER

October 1893 . Working with the Evangelical Alliance and the See also:

• CHICAGO
• CHICAGO, UNIVERSITY OF

Chicago (1893) See also:

• WORLD

World's See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

Parliament of Religions, and in See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany, through the monthly Kirchenfreund, he strove earnestly to promote Christian unity and union; and it was his See also:

• HOPE, ANTHONY
• HOPE, THOMAS (c. 1770-1831)

hope that the See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

pope would abandon the See also:

• DOCTRINE

doctrine of See also:

• INFALLIBILITY (Fr. infaillibilite and infallibilite, the latter now obsolete, Med. Lat. infallibilitas, infallibilis, formed from faller, to make a mistake)

infallibility and undertake the See also:

• REUNION

reunion of See also:

• CHRISTIANITY

Christianity . He recognized that he was a " mediator between German and Anglo-American See also:

• THEOLOGY

theology and Christianity "; his theology was broad rather than definite, though he sharply dissented. from Nevin's mystical doctrine of the union in the See also:

• EUCHARIST (Gr. evXapurria, thanksgiving)

eucharist of the believer with See also:

• CHRIST (Gr. X pLQTOS, Anointed)
• CHRIST, WILHELM VON (1831-1906)

Christ's glorified See also:

• BODY

body as well as His glorified soul . He edited (1864–188o) the American See also:

• TRANSLATION

translation and revision of See also:

• LANGE, ANNE FRANCOISE ELIZABETH (1772—1816)
• LANGE, ERNST PHILIPP KARL (1813—1899)
• LANGE, FRIEDRICH ALBERT (1828—1875)
• LANGE, JOHANN PETER (1802-1884)

Lange's Bibelwerk, the See also:

• GREAT

great Schaff-See also:

• HERZOG, HANS (1819–1894)
• HERZOG, JOHANN JAKOB (1805-1882)

Herzog See also:

• ENCYCLOPAEDIA

Encyclopaedia of Religious Knowledge (1884, 3rd ed . 1891); the first seven volumes of the Nicene and See also:

• POST

Post-Nicene Church Fathers in English (1886–1894); and the See also:

• INTERNATIONAL, THE

International Illustrated Commentary on the New Testament (4 vols., 1899–1883) and the International Revision Commentary (5 vols . 1881–1884), as far as the See also:

• EPISTLE

Epistle to See also:

• ROMANS
• ROMANS, EPISTLE TO THE

Romans . His Bibliotheca symbolica ecclesiae universalist the See also:

• CREEDS (Lat. credo, I believe), or CONFESSIONS OF FAITH

Creeds of Christendom (3 vols . 1877, 6th ed .

1893)was a See also:

• PIONEER

pioneer See also:

• WORK

work in English in the See also:

• FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
• FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
• FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
• FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
• FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
• FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
• FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
• FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
• FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
• FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
• FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)

field of symbolics . His History of the Christian Church, already mentioned, resembled Neander's work, though less See also:

• BIOGRAPHICAL

biographical, and was pictorial rather than philosophical . He wrote, besides, See also:

• BIOGRAPHIES

biographies, catechisms and hymnals for See also:

• CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

children, manuals of religious See also:

• VERSE (from Lat. versus, literally a line or furrow drawn by turning the plough, from vertere, and afterwards signifying an arrangement of syllables into feet)

verse, lectures and essays on See also:

• DANTE

Dante, &c . His son, See also:

• DAVID
• DAVID (a Hebrew name meaning probably beloved 1)
• DAVID, FELICIEN (1810—1876)
• DAVID, GERARD [GHEERAERT DAVIT], (?=1523)
• DAVID, PIERRE JEAN (1789–1856)
• DAVID, ST (Dewi, Sant)

DAVID See also:

• SCHLEY, WINFIELD SCOTT (1839-1911)

SCHLEY SCHAFF (1852– ), was professor of church history in See also:

• LANE, EDWARD WILLIAM (1801–1876)
• LANE, JAMES HENRY (1814–1866)

Lane Theological Seminary in 1897–1903, and after 1903 in Western Theological Seminary at See also:

• ALLEGHENY

Allegheny, Pa . He wrote a Commentary on the See also:

• BOOK

Book of Acts (1882) and a See also:

• LIFE

Life of See also:

• PHILIP
• PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
• PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
• PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
• PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)

Philip Schaff (New York, 1897) .