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See also: German poet, translator and critic, was See also: born on the 8th of See also: September, 1767, at See also: Hanover, where his See also: father, Johann Adolf See also: Schlegel (1721-1793), was a Lutheran pastor
.
He was educated at the Hanover gymnasium and at the university of See also: Gottingen
.
Having spent some years as a tutor in the See also: house of a banker at
See also: Amsterdam, he went to See also: Jena, where, in 1796, he married Karoline, the widow of the physician See also: Bohmer (see SCIIELLING, KAROLINE) and in 1798 was appointed extraordinary professor
.
Here he began his See also: translation of See also: Shakespeare, which was ultimately completed, under the superintendence of Ludwig See also: Tieck, by Tieck's daughter Dorothea and Graf W
.
H
.
Baudissin
.
This rendering is one of the best poetical See also: translations in German, or indeed in any language
.
At Jena Schlegel contributed to Schiller's See also: periodicals the Horen and the Musenalmanach; and with his See also: brother See also: Friedrich he conducted the See also: Athenaeum, the See also: organ of the Romantic school, He also published a See also: volume of poems, and carried on a rather bitter controversy with Kotzebue
.
At this See also: time the two See also: brothers were remarkable for the vigour and freshness of their ideas, and commanded respect as the leaders of the new Romantic See also: criticism
.
A volume of their joint essays appeared in 18oi under the title Charakteristiken and Kritiken
.
In 1802 Schlegel went to Berlin, where he delivered lectures on See also: art and literature; and in the following See also: year he published See also: Ion, a tragedy in Euripidean See also: style, which gave rise to a suggestive discussion on the principles of dramatic See also: poetry
.
This was followed by Spanisches Theater (2 vols., 1803-1809), in which he presented admirable translations of five of Calderon's plays; and in another volume, Blumenstraiisse italienischer, spanischer and portuguesischer Poesie (1804), he gave translations of See also: Spanish, Portuguese and See also: Italian lyrics
.
In 1807 he attracted much See also: attention in See also: France by an essay in the French language, Comparaison entre la Phedre de Racine et See also: celle d'Euripide, in which he attacked French classicism from the standpoint of the Romantic school
.
His lectures on dramatic art and literature (Uber dramatische Kunst and Literatur, 1809-1811), which have been translated into most See also: European See also: languages, were delivered at Vienna in ,8o8
.
Meanwhile, after a See also: divorce from his wife Karoline, in 1804, he travelled in France, See also: Germany, See also: Italy and other countries with Madame de See also: Stael, who owed to him many of the ideas which she embodied in her See also: work, De l'Allemagne
.
In 1813 he acted as secretary of the See also: crown See also: prince of Sweden, through whose influence the right of his See also: family to See also: noble See also: rank was revived
.
Schlegel was made a professor of literature at the university of See also: Bonn in 1818, and during the See also: remainder of his See also: life occupied himself chiefly with See also: oriental studies, although he continued to lecture on art and literature, and in 1828 he issued two volumes of critical writings (Kritische Schriften)
.
In 1823-183o he published the journal Indische Bibliothek (3 vols.) and edited (1823) the Bhagavad-Gita with a Latin translation, and (1829) the Ramdyana
.
These See also: works mark the beginning of See also: Sanskrit scholarship in Germany
.
After the See also: death of Madame de Stael Schlegel married (1818) a daughter of Professor Paulus of See also: Heidelberg; but this union was dissolved in 182r
.
He died at Bonn on the 12th of May 1845
.
As an See also: original poet Schlegel is unimportant, but as a poetical translator he has rarely been excelled, and in criticism he put into practice the Romantic principle that a critic's first duty is not to See also: judge from the stand-point of superiority, but to understand and to " characterize " a work of art
.
In 1846-1847 Schlegel's Samtliche Werke were issued in twelve volumes by E
.
Bocking
.
There are also See also: editions by the same editor of his 1Euvres ecrites en See also: francais (3 vols., 1846), and of his Opuscula Latine scripta (1848)
.
Schlegel's Shakespeare translations have been often reprinted; the edition of 1871-1872 was revised with Schlegel's See also: MSS. by M
.
See also: Bernays
.
See M
.
Bernays, Zur Entstehungsgeschichte See also: des Schlegelschen Shakespeare (1872); R
.
Genee, Schlegel and Shakespeare (1903)
.
Schlegel's Berlin lectures of 18o1-1804 were reprinted from MS. notes by J
.
Minor (1884)
.
A selection of the writings of both A
.
W. and Friedrich Schlegel, edited by O
.
F
.
Walzel, will be found in Kiirschner's Deutsche Nationalliteratur, 143 (1892)
.
See especially R . See also: Haym, Romantische Schule, and the article in the Allg. deutsche Biographie by F
.
Muncker
.
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