SCHOLARSHIP

SCHOLAR  . The term " scholar," primarily meaning a " learner," is secondarily applied to one who has thoroughly learnt all that " the school " can teach him, one who by early training and constant self-culture has attained a certain maturity in precise and accurate knowledge . Hence the term " scholarship " in the sense of the knowledge or method of a scholar . Similarly " classical scholarship " may be defined as the sum of the mental attainments of a classical scholar . Scholar-ship is sometimes identified with classical learning or erudition; it is more often contrasted with it . The contrast is thus drawn by Donaldson in his Classical Scholarship and Classical Learning (1856), and by Mark Pattison, in his Essay on Oxford Studies (1855) . " I maintain," says Donaldson, " that not all learned men are accomplished scholars, though any accomplished scholar may, if he chooses to devote the time to the necessary studies, become a learned man " (p . 149) . " It is not a know-ledge," writes Mark Pattison, " but a discipline, that is required; not science, but the scientific habit; not erudition, but scholar-ship " (Essays, i . 425) . The expression " a scholarship " is also used in England for a money payment made by a school, college or university, as a prize (either for one year or a series of years) to the successful competitors at an examination at which one or more such scholar-ships are to be awarded; and the successful candidate is called a " scholar," as the holder of a " scholarship." In this sense the word is almost synonymous with " an exhibition," but the latter is usually considered inferior in merit and dignity, if not in amount . On the general history of classical scholarship, see CLASSICS: Greek and Latin .