THEODOR See also:

• THEODOR SCHWANN (1810-1882)

SCHWANN (1810-1882)  , See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German physiologist, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• NEUSS

Neuss in Rhenish See also:

• PRUSSIA
• PRUSSIA (Ger. Preussen; Lat. Borussia)

Prussia on the 7th of See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 181o . His See also:

• FATHER

father was a See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man of See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• MECHANICAL

mechanical See also:

• TALENT (Lat. talentum, adaptation of Gr. TaXavrov, balance, ! Recollections of a First Visit to the Alps (1841); Vacation Rambles weight, from root raX-, to lift, as in rXi vac, to bear, 1-aXas, and Thoughts, comprising recollections of three Continental

talent; at first a See also:

• GOLDSMITH
• GOLDSMITH, LEWIS (c. 1763–1846)
• GOLDSMITH, OLIVER (1728–1774)

goldsmith, he afterwards founded an important See also:

• PRINTING (from Lat. imprimere, O. Fr. empreindre)

printing See also:

• ESTABLISHMENT (0. Fr. establissement, Fr. etablissement, late Norm. Fr. establishement, from O. Fr. establir, Fr. etablir, Lat. stabilire, to make stable)

establishment . See also:

• SCHWANN, THEODOR (1810-1882)

Schwann inherited his father's tastes, and the leisure of his boyhood was largely spent in constructing little See also:

• MACHINES

machines of all kinds . He studied at the See also:

• JESUITS

Jesuits' See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

college in See also:

• COLOGNE (Ger. Koln, or officially, since 1900, Coln)

Cologne and afterwards at See also:

• BONN

Bonn, where he met Johannes See also:

• MULLER, FERDINAND VON, BARON (1825–1896)
• MULLER, FRIEDRICH (1749-1825)
• MULLER, GEORGE (1805-1898)
• MULLER, JOHANNES PETER (18o1-1858)
• MULLER, JOHANNES VON (1752-1809)
• MULLER, JULIUS (18oi-1878)
• MULLER, KARL OTFRIED (1797-1840)
• MULLER, LUCIAN (1836-1898)
• MULLER, WILHELM (1794-1827)
• MULLER, WILLIAM JAMES (1812-1845)

Muller, in whose physiological experiments he soon came to assist . He next went to See also:

• WURZBURG

Wurzburg to continue his medical studies, and thence to See also:

• BERLIN
• BERLIN, CONGRESS AND TREATY OF
• BERLIN, ISAIAH (1725–1799)

Berlin to See also:

• GRADUATE (Med. Lat. graduale, to admit to an academical degree, gradus)

graduate in 1834 . Here he again met Muller, who had been meanwhile translated to Berlin, and who finally persuaded him to enter on a scientific career and appointed him assistant at the anatomical museum . Schwann in 1838 was called to the See also:

• CHAIR (in. Mid. Eng. chcere, through O. Fr. chaire or chaiere, from Lat. cathedra, later caledra, Gr. xaOi3pa, seat, cf. "cathedral"; the modern Fr. form chaise, a chair, has been adopted in English with a particular meaning as a form of carriage; chaire

chair of See also:

• ANATOMY
• ANATOMY (Gr. avaroyil, from ava-silo c', to cut up)

anatomy at the See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic university of See also:

• LOUVAIN (Flem. Leuven)

Louvain, where he remained nine years . In 1847 he went as See also:

• PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

professor to See also:

• LIEGE
• LIEGE (Walloon, Lige, Flemish, Luik, Ger. Lilltich)

Liege, where he remained till his See also:

• DEATH

death on the 1th of See also:

• JANUARY

January 1882 . He was of a peculiarly See also:

• GENTLE (through the Fr. gentil, from Lat. gentilis, belonging to the same gens, or family)

gentle and amiable See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character, and remained a devout Catholic throughout his See also:

• LIFE

life . It was during the four years spent under the See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence of Muller at Berlin that all Schwann's really valuable See also:

• WORK

work was done . Muller was at this See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time preparing his great See also:

• BOOK

book on See also:

• PHYSIOLOGY (from Gr. 4 i s, nature, and koyos, discourse)

physiology, and Schwann assisted him in the experimental work required . His See also:

• ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention being thus directed to the See also:

• NERVOUS

nervous and See also:

• MUSCULAR

muscular tissues, besides making such histological discoveries as that of the envelope of the See also:

• NERVE (Lat. nervus, Gr. vevpov, a bowstring)

nerve-See also:

• FIBRES
• FIBRES (or FIBERS, in American spelling; from Lat. fibra, apparently connected either with filum, thread, or findere, to split)

fibres which now bears his name, he initiated those researches in muscular contractility since so elaborately worked out by Du Bois Reymond and others .

He was thus the first of See also:

• MILLER, HUGH (1802–1856)
• MILLER, JOAQUIN (CINCINNATUS HEINE) (1841- )
• MILLER, JOE (JosEPH or JosIAS( (1684-1738)
• MILLER, SAMUEL FREEMAN (1816-1890)
• MILLER, WILLIAM (1782-1849)
• MILLER, WILLIAM (1795-1861)
• MILLER, WILLIAM (1796–1882)
• MILLER, WILLIAM HALLOWES (18o1–188o)

Miller's pupils who See also:

• BROKE, or BROOKE, ARTHUR (d. 1563)
• BROKE, SIR PHILIP BOWES VERE, BART

broke with the traditional vitalism and worked towards a physico-chemical explanation of life . Muller also directed his attention to the See also:

• PROCESS

process of digestion, which Schwann showed to depend essentially on the presence of a ferment called by him See also:

• PEPSIN

pepsin . Schwann also examined the question of spontaneous See also:

• GENERATION (from Lat. generare, to beget, procreate; genus, stock, race)

generation, which he greatly aided to disprove, and in the course of his experiments discovered the organic nature of yeast . In fact the whole germ theory of See also:

• PASTEUR, LOUIS (1822-1895)

Pasteur, as well as its antiseptic applications by See also:

• LISTER, JOSEPH LISTER
• LISTER, MARTIN (c. 1638-1712)

Lister, is traceable to his influence . Once when he was dining with See also:

• SCHLEIDEN, MATTHIAS JAKOB (1804-1881)

Schleiden in 1837, the conversation turned on the nuclei of See also:

• VEGETABLE

vegetable cells . Schwann remembered having seen similar structures in the cells of the notochord (as had been shown by Muller) and instantly realized the importance of connecting the two phenomena . The resemblance was confirmed without delay by both observers, and the results soon appeared in his famous Microscopic Investigations on the Accordance in the Structure and Growth of See also:

• PLANTS

Plants and Animals (Berlin, 1839; trans . See also:

• SYDENHAM
• SYDENHAM, CHARLES EDWARD
• SYDENHAM, THOMAS (1624-1689)

Sydenham Society, 1847) . The See also:

• CELL (from Lat. cella, probably from an Indo-European kal —seen in Lat. celare, to hide; another suggestion connects the word with Lat. cera, wax, taking the original meaning to refer to the honeycomb)

cell theory was thus definitely constituted . In the course of his verifications of the cell theory, in which he traversed the whole See also:

• FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
• FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
• FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
• FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
• FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
• FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
• FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
• FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
• FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
• FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
• FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)

field of See also:

• HISTOLOGY
• HISTOLOGY (Gr. Ler6c, web, tissue, properly the web-beam of the loom, from iQravai, to make to stand)

histology, he provedthe cellular origin and development of the most highly differentiated tissues, nails, feathers, enamels, &c . His generalization became the See also:

• FOUNDATION (Lat. fundatio, from fundare, to found)

foundation of See also:

• MODERN

modern histology, and in the hands of See also:

• RUDOLF (otherwise known as Basso NOROK and Gannon)

Rudolf See also:

• VIRCHOW, RUDOLF (1821-1902)

Virchow (whose cellular See also:

• PATHOLOGY (from Gr. raBos, suffering)

pathology was an inevitable See also:

• DEDUCTION (from Lat. deducere, to take or lead from or out of, derive)

deduction from Schwann) afforded the means of placing modern pathology on a truly scientific basis . An excellent See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of Schwann's life and work is that by See also:

• LEON
• LEON, LUIS PONCE DE (1527-1591)
• LEON, MOSES BEN SI
• LEON, or LEON DE LAS ALDAMAS

Leon Fr6dericq (Liege, 1884) .