JOHANN

SCHWEIGHAUSER (1742–1830)  , German classical scholar, was born at Strassburg on the 25th of June 1742 . From an early age his favourite subjects were philosophy (especially Scottish moral philosophy as represented by Hutchinson and Ferguson) and Oriental languages; Greek and Latin he took up later, and although he owes his reputation to his editions of Greek authors, he was always diffident as to his classical attainments . After visiting Paris, London and the principal cities of Germany, he became assistant professor of philosophy (1770) at Strassburg . When the French Revolution broke out, he was banished; in 1794 he returned, and after the reorganization of the Academy in 1809 was appointed professor of Greek . He resigned his post in 1824, and died on the 19th of January 1830 . His son, JoHANN GOTTFRIED (1776-1844), was also a distinguished scholar and archaeologist, joint-author with M . Golbery of Antiquitds de l' Alsace (1828) . Schweighauser's first important work was his edition of Appian (1785), with Latin translation and commentary, and an account of the MSS . On Brunck's recommendation, he had collated an Augsburg MS. of Appian for Samuel Musgrave, who was preparing an edition of that author, and after Musgrave's death he felt it a duty to complete it . His Polybius, with translation, notes and special lexicon, appeared in 1789—1795 . But his chief work is his edition of Athenaeus (1801—1807), in fourteen volumes, one of the Bipont editions . His Herodotus (1816; lexicon, 1824) is less successful; he depends too much on earlier editions and inferior MSS., and lacks the finer scholarship necessary in dealing with such an author .

Mention may also be made of his Encheiridion of

Epictetus and Tabula of Cebes j1798), which appeared at the time when the doctrines of the Stoics were fashionable; the letters of Seneca to Lucilius (1809); corrections and notes to SuIdas (1789); some moral philosophy essays . His minor works are collected in his Opuscula academica (18o6) . See monographs by J . G . Dahler, C . L . Cuvier, F . J . Stievenart (all 1830), L . Spach (1868), Ch . Rabany (1884), the two last containing an account of both father and son .