GEORG See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

AUGUST See also:

• GEORG AUGUST SCHWEINFURTH (1836– )

SCHWEINFURTH (1836– )  , See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German traveller in See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East Central See also:

• AFRICA
• AFRICA, ROMAN

Africa and ethnologist, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• RIGA (Esth. Ria-Lin)

Riga on the 29th of See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1836 . He was 'educated at the See also:

• UNIVERSITIES

universities of See also:

• HEIDELBERG

Heidelberg, See also:

• MUNICH (Ger. Munchen)

Munich and See also:

• BERLIN
• BERLIN, CONGRESS AND TREATY OF
• BERLIN, ISAIAH (1725–1799)

Berlin (1856-1862), where he particularly devoted himself to See also:

• BOTANY (from Gr. l3or6v17, plant; ,66vicety, to graze)

botany and palaeontology . Commissioned to arrange the collections brought from the See also:

• SUDAN (Arabic Bilad-es-Sudan, country of the blacks)

Sudan by Freiherr von See also:

• BARNIM

Barnim and Dr See also:

• HARTMANN, KARL ROBERT EDUARD VON (1842–1906)
• HARTMANN, MORITZ (1821–1872)

Hartmann, his See also:

• ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention was directed to that region; and in 1863 he travelled See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round the shores of the Red See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

Sea, repeatedly traversed the See also:

• DISTRICT

district between that sea and the See also:

• NILE
• NILE, BATTLE OF THE
• NILE, SOBAT

Nile, passed on to See also:

• KHARTUM

Khartum, and returned to See also:

• EUROPE

Europe in 1866 . His researches attracted so much attention that in 1868 the See also:

• HUMBOLDT, FRIEDRICH HEINRICH ALEXANDER, BARON
• HUMBOLDT, KARL WILHELM VON (1767-1835)

Humboldt-Stiftung of Berlin entrusted him with an important scientific See also:

• MISSION

mission to the interior of East Africa . Starting from Khartum in See also:

• JANUARY

January 1869, he went up the See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

White Nile td,See also:

• BAHR

Bahr-el-Ghazal, and then, with a party of See also:

• IVORY (Fr. ivoire, Lat. ebur)
• IVORY, SIR JAMES (1765-1842)

ivory dealers, through the regions inhabited by the Diur (Dyoor), See also:

• DINKA (called by the Arabs Jange)

Dinka, See also:

• BONGO (Boocercus eurycerus)
• BONGO (Don or DERAN)

Bongo and Niam-Niam; See also:

• CROSSING

crossing the Nile See also:

• WATERSHED

watershed he entered the See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country of the See also:

• MANGBETTU (Monbuttu)

Mangbettu (Monbuttu) and discovered the See also:

• RIVER

river Welle (19th of See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1870), which by its westward flow he knew was See also:

• INDEPENDENT

independent of the Nile . See also:

• SCHWEINFURTH, GEORG AUGUST (1836– )

Schweinfurth formed the conclusion that it belonged to the See also:

• CHAD
• CHAD [CEADDA], SAINT (d. 672)

Chad See also:

• SYSTEM

system, and it was several years before its connexion with the See also:

• CONGO

Congo was demonstrated . The See also:

• DISCOVERY

discovery of the Welle was Schweinfurth's greatest See also:

• GEOGRAPHICAL

geographical achievement, though he did much to elucidate the See also:

• HYDROGRAPHY (.Gr. 6&,p, water, and cypfidiecv, to write)

hydrography of the Bahr-el-Ghazal system . Of greater importance were the very considerable additions he made to the knowledge of the inhabitants and of the See also:

• FLORA

flora and See also:

• FAUNA

fauna of Central Africa . He described in detail the cannibalistic practices of the Mangbettu, and his discovery of the See also:

• PYGMY, or PIGMY (Gr. avy,uavos, from avypij, a Greek measure of length corresponding to " the distance between the elbow and knuckles " of a man of average size)

pygmy See also:

• AKKA (TIKKI-TI%II)

Akka settled conclusively the question as to the existence of See also:

• DWARF (A.S. dweorg, D. dwerg, Icel. dvergr)

dwarf races in tropical Africa . Unfortunately nearly all his collections made up to that date were destroyed by a See also:

• FIRE (in O. Eng. f j'r; the word is common to West German languages, cf. Dutch vuur, Ger. Feuer; the pre-Teutonic form is seen in Sanskrit pu, pavaka, and Gr. irup; the ultimate origin is usually taken to be a root meaning to purify, cf. Lat. purus)

fire in his See also:

• CAMP (from Lat. campus, field)

camp in December 187o . He returned to Khartum in See also:

• JULY

July 1871 and published an See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of the expedition, under the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of See also:

• IM(K2+a2+h2—2 ah cos 0)

Im Herzen von Afrika (See also:

• LEIPZIG

Leipzig, 1874; See also:

• ENGLISH

English edition, The See also:

• HEART
• HEART, LUNG

Heart of Africa, 1873, new ed . 1878) .

In 1873-1874 he accompanied See also:

• GERHARD
• GERHARD, FRIEDRICH WILHELM EDUARD (1795-1867)

Gerhard See also:

• ROHLFS, FRIEDRICH GERHARD (1831—1896)

Rohlfs in his expedition into the Libyan See also:

• DESERT

Desert . Settling at See also:

• CAIRO
• CAIRO (Arabic Misr-al-Kahira, or simply Misr)

Cairo in 1875, he founded a geographical society, under the auspices of the See also:

• KHEDIVE

khedive See also:

• ISMAIL (1830-1895)

Ismail, and devoted himself almost exclusively to See also:

• AFRICAN

African studies, See also:

• HISTORICAL

historical and ethnographical . In 1876 he penetrated into the Arabian Desert with See also:

• PAUL
• PAUL (PAULUS)

Paul Giissfeldt, and continued his explorations therein at intervals until 1888, and during the same See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period made See also:

• GEOLOGICAL

geological and botanical investigations in the See also:

• FAYUM

Fayum, in the valley of the Nile, &c . In 1889 he removed to Berlin; but he visited the See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian See also:

• COLONY (Lat. colonia, from colonus, a cultivator)

colony of See also:

• ERITREA

Eritrea in 1891, 1892 and 1894 . The accounts of all his travels and researches have appeared either in See also:

• BOOK

book or pamphlet See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form or in See also:

• PERIODICALS

periodicals, such as See also:

• PETER
• PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
• PETER (PEDRO)
• PETER, EPISTLES OF
• PETER, ST

Peter-See also:

• MATINS (Fr. matins, med. Lat. matutinae, sc. possibly vigiliae, morning watches; from matutinus, " belonging to the morning ")

matins Mitteilungen, the Zeitschrift See also:

• FUR (connected with O. Fr. forre, a sheath or case; so " an outer covering ")

fur Erdkunde, &c . Among his See also:

• WORKS

works may be mentioned Artes Africanae; Illustrations and Descriptions of Productions of the See also:

• INDUSTRIAL

Industrial Arts of Central African Tribes (1875) .