See also:

• SIR

SIR See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

WILLIAM See also:

• SIR WILLIAM SCROGGS (c. 1623—1683)

SCROGGS (c. 1623—1683)  , See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

lord See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief See also:

• JUSTICE (Lat. justitia)

justice of See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, was the son of a See also:

• BUTCHER

butcher of sufficient means to give his son a university See also:

• EDUCATION

education . See also:

• SCROGGS, SIR WILLIAM (c. 1623—1683)

Scroggs went to See also:

• ORIEL
• ORIEL, JOHN FOSTER, BARON (1740-1828)

Oriel See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

College, and later to See also:

• PEMBROKE
• PEMBROKE (Penfro)
• PEMBROKE, EARLS OF

Pembroke College, See also:

• OXFORD
• OXFORD, EARLS OF
• OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
• OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
• OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
• OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
• OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST

Oxford, where he graduated in 164o, having acquired a See also:

• FAIR

fair knowledge of the See also:

• CLASSICS

classics . There is some See also:

• EVIDENCE (Lat. evidentia, evideri, to appear clearly)

evidence that he fought on the royalist See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side during the See also:

• CIVIL

Civil See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War . In 1653 he was called to the See also:

• BAR
• BAR (0. Fr. barre, Late Lat. barra, origin unknown)
• BAR, CONFEDERATION OF
• BAR, FRANCOIS DE (1538-1606)
• BAR, THE

bar, and soon gained a See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good practice in the courts . He was appointed a See also:

• JUDGE (Lat. judex, Fr. juge)

judge of the See also:

• COMMON

common pleas in 1676, and two years later was promoted to be lord .chief justice, his See also:

• ADVANCEMENT

advancement being due to his unfailing readiness to degrade the See also:

• ADMINISTRATION (Lat. administrare, to serve)

administration of justice to serve the purposes of the See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court . He was a See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man of debauched See also:

• LIFE

life and coarse and violent See also:

• MANNERS, CHARLES (1857– )

manners; and these qualities were conspicuous in his demeanour on the See also:

• BENCH (an O.E. and Eng. form of a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Bank, Dan. baenk and the Eng. doublet " bank ")

bench . As lord chief justice Scroggs presided at the trial of the persons denounced by See also:

• TITUS
• TITUS, FLAVIUS SABINUS VESPASIANUS
• TITUS, THE EPISTLE TO

Titus See also:

• OATES, TITUS (1649-1705)

Oates for complicity in the " popish See also:

• PLOT
• PLOT, ROBERT (164o-1696)

plot," and he treated these prisoners with characteristic violence and brutality, overwhelming them with indecent See also:

• SARCASM

sarcasm and abuse while on their trial, and taunting them with See also:

• SAVAGE
• SAVAGE, MINOT JUDSON (1841– )
• SAVAGE, RICHARD (d. 1743)

savage mockery when sentencing them to See also:

• DEATH

death . He may at first have been a sincere believer in the existence of a plot; if so he showed himself not less gullible than the ignorant multitude out of doors; at all events he did nothing to test the credibility of such perjured witnesses as Oates, See also:

• BEDLOE, WILLIAM (1650-1680)

Bedloe and See also:

• DANGERFIELD, THOMAS (c. 1650-1685)

Dangerfield . At the trial in See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 1679 of the prisoners accused of the See also:

• MURDER

murder of See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• EDMUND
• EDMUND, or EADMUND (c. 980-1016)
• EDMUND, SAINT [EDMUND RICE] (d. 1240)

Edmund See also:

• GODFREY, SIR EDMUND BERRY (1621-1678)

Godfrey he gave a characteristic See also:

• EXHIBITION

exhibition of his methods, indulging in a vituperative tirade against the See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic See also:

• RELIGION
• RELIGION, FOLKLORE, CUSTOM

religion, and loudly proclaiming his See also:

• SATISFACTION (Lat. salisfacerc, to satisfy)

satisfaction in the See also:

• GUILT

guilt of the accused . It was only when, in See also:

• JULY

July of the same See also:

• YEAR

year, Oates's See also:

• ACCUSATION (Lat. accusatio, accusare, to challenge to a causa, a suit or trial at law)

accusation against the See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

queen's physician, Sir See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George Wakeman, appeared likely to involve the queen herself in the ramifications of the plot, that Scroggs began to think matters were going too far; he was probably also influenced by the See also:

• DISCOVERY

discovery that the court regarded the plot with discredit and disfavour, and that the See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country party led by See also:

• SHAFTESBURY
• SHAFTESBURY, ANTHONY ASHLEY COOPER, 1ST EARL OF (1621-1683)
• SHAFTESBURY, ANTHONY ASHLEY COOPER, 7TH EARL OF (1801–1885)
• SHAFTESBURY, ANTHONYASHLEY COOPER, 3RD EARL OF (1671-1713)

Shaftesbury had less See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence than he had supposed with the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king . The chief justice on this occasion threw doubt on the trustworthiness of Bedloe and Oates, and warned the See also:

• JURY

jury to be careful in accepting their evidence . This See also:

• CHANGE (derived through the Fr. from the Late Lat. cambium, cambiare, to barter; the ultimate derivation is probably from the root which appears in the Gr. «a urmu', to bend)

change of front inflamed public See also:

• OPINION (Lat. opinio, from opinari, to think)

opinion against Scroggs, for the popular belief in the plot was still undiminished .

Scroggs, however, was no less violent than before against Catholic priests who came before him for trial, as he showed when he sentenced See also:

• ANDREW (Gr. 'AvBp4as, manly)
• ANDREW, JOHN ALBION (1818-1867)

Andrew Bromwich to death at See also:

• STAFFORD
• STAFFORD, EARLS AND MARQUESSES OF

Stafford in the summer of 1679; but his proposing the See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of See also:

• YORK
• YORK (HOUSE OF)
• YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
• YORK, EDWARD
• YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
• YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

York's See also:

• HEALTH

health at the lord See also:

• MAYOR (Lat. major, greater)
• MAYOR, JOHN EYTON BICKERSTETH (1825– )

mayor's See also:

• DINNER

dinner a few months later in the presence of Shaftesbury indicated his determination not to support the Exclusionists against the known wishes of the king . Acting in the assurance of popular sympathy, Oates and Bedloe now arraigned the chief justice before the privy See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council for having discredited their evidence and misdirected the jury in the Wakeman See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case, accusing him at the same See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time of several other misdemeanours on the bench, including a See also:

• HABIT (through the French from Lat. habitus, from habere, to have, hold, or, in a reflective sense, to be in a certain condition; in many of the English senses the French use habitude, not habit)

habit of excessive drinking and See also:

• BAD, BCD

bad See also:

• LANGUAGE (adapted from the Fr. langage, from langue, tongue, Lat. lingua)

language . In See also:

• JANUARY

January 168o the case was argued before the council and Scroggs was acquitted . At the trials of See also:

• ELIZABETH
• ELIZABETH (1533-1603)
• ELIZABETH (1596-1662)
• ELIZABETH (1635–1650)
• ELIZABETH [ AMELIE EUGENIE ] (1837—1898)
• ELIZABETH [1lisabeth Philippine Marie Helene of France] (1764—1794)
• ELIZABETH [PAULINE ELIZABETH OTTILIE LOUISE] (1843– )
• ELIZABETH [PETROVNA] (1709-1762), EMPRESS
• ELIZABETH, SAINT (1207-1231)

Elizabeth See also:

• CELLIER, ALFRED (1844-1891)

Cellier and of Lord See also:

• CASTLEMAINE

Castlemaine in See also:

• JUNE

June of the same year, both of whom were acquitted, he discredited Dangerfield's evidence, and on the former occasion committed the See also:

• WITNESS
• WITNESS (from O. Eng. witan, to know)

witness to See also:

• PRISON (derived through the Fr. from the Lat. prehensio, seizure)

prison . In the same See also:

• MONTH
• MONTH (a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Mond, Du. maand, Dan. maaned, &c., and cognate with Lat. mensis, Gr. µi7v, &c., in other branches of the Indo-Germanic family; all ultimately from the root seen in the word for the moon in nearly all those languages

month he discharged the See also:

• GRAND

grand jury of See also:

• MIDDLESEX
• MIDDLESEX, LIONEL CRANFIELD, 1ST EARL OF (1575-1645)

Middlesex before the end of See also:

• TERM

term in See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order to See also:

• SAVE, or SAVA (Ger. Sau; Hungarian Szdva; Lat. Savus)

save the duke of York from See also:

• INDICTMENT (from Anglo-Fr. enditernent, enditer, to charge; Lat. in, against, dictare, declare)

indictment as a popish See also:

• RECUSANT (from Lat. recusare, to refuse)

recusant, a proceeding which the See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

House of See also:

• COMMONS

Commons declared to be illegal, and which was made an See also:

• ARTICLE (from Lat. articulus, a joint)

article in the See also:

• IMPEACHMENT (O. Fr. empeahement, empeschement, from em pecher or empescher, to hinder, Late Lat. impedicare, to entangle, pedica, fetter, pes, foot)

impeachment of Scroggs in January 1681 . The See also:

• DISSOLUTION (from Lat. dissolvere, to break up into parts)

dissolution of See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

parliament put an end to the impeachment, but in See also:

• APRIL

April Scroggs was removed from the bench with a See also:

• PENSION (Lat. pensio, a payment, from pendere, to weigh, to pay)

pension; he died in See also:

• LONDON

London on the 25th of See also:

• OCTOBER

October 1683 . Scroggs was perhaps the worst of the See also:

• JUDGES, THE BOOK OF

judges who disgraced the See also:

• ENGLISH

English bench at a See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period when it had sunk to the lowest degradation; and although his See also:

• INFAMY (Lat. infamia)

infamy is less notorious than that of See also:

• JEFFREYS, GEORGE JEFFREYS, 1ST BARON (1648-1689)

Jeffreys, his See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character exhibited fewer redeeming features . Scroggs was the author of a See also:

• WORK

work on the Practice of Courts-Leet and Courts-See also:

• BARON
• BARON (1835-1895)
• BARON, MICHEL (1653—1729)

Baron (London, 1701), and he edited reports of the See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state trials over which he presided . He was the subject of many contemporary satires . See W . See also:

• COBBETT, WILLIAM (1766-1835)

Cobbett, See also:

• COMPLETE

Complete Collection of State Trials (vols. i.-x. of State Trials, 33 vols., London, 1809); See also:

• ROGER (d. 1139)
• ROGER (d. 1181)

Roger See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

North, Life of Lord See also:

• GUILFORD
• GUILFORD, BARONS AND EARLS OF

Guilford, &c., edited by A . Jessopp (3 vols., London, 1890), and Examen (London, 174o) ; See also:

• NARCISSUS

Narcissus See also:

• LUTTRELL, HENRY (c. 1765–1851)

Luttrell, A Brief Relation of State Affairs, 1678–1714 (6 vols., Oxford, 1857) ; See also:

• ANTHONY, SAINT
• ANTHONY, SUSAN BROWNELL (1820-1906)

Anthony a See also:

• WOOD, ANTHONY A2 (1632-1695)
• WOOD, JOHN GEORGE (1827—1889)
• WOOD, MRS HENRY [ELLEN] (1814—1887)
• WOOD, SEARLES VALENTINE (1798—188o)

Wood, Alhenae Oxonienses, edited by P .

See also:

• BLISS, CORNELIUS NEWTON (1833– )

Bliss (4 vols .. London, 1813—182o) ; See also:

• CORRESPONDENCE
• CORRESPONDENCE (from med. scholastic Lat. correspondentia, corrcspondere, compounded of Lat. cum, with, and respond ere, to answer; cf. Fr. correspondance)

Correspondence of the See also:

• FAMILY

Family of See also:

• HATTON, JOHN LIPTROT (1809-1886)
• HATTON, SIR CHRISTOPHER (1540–1591)

Hatton, edited by E . M . See also:

• THOMPSON
• THOMPSON, FRANCIS (1860-1907)
• THOMPSON, LAUNT (1833-1894)
• THOMPSON, SIR HENRY, BART
• THOMPSON, SIR JOHN SPARROW (1844-1894)
• THOMPSON, THOMAS PERONNET (1783-1869)
• THOMPSON, WILLIAM HEPWORTH (18ro–1886)

Thompson (2 vols., See also:

• CAMDEN
• CAMDEN, CHARLES PRATT, 1ST EARL (1714-1794)
• CAMDEN, JOHN JEFFREYS PRATT, 2ND EARL
• CAMDEN, WILLIAM (1551-1623)

Camden See also:

• SOC

Soc . 22, 23, London, 1878) ; Lord See also:

• CAMPBELL, ALEXANDER (1788–1866)
• CAMPBELL, BEATRICE STELLA (Mrs PATRICK CAMPBELL) (1865– )
• CAMPBELL, GEORGE (1719–1796)
• CAMPBELL, JOHN
• CAMPBELL, JOHN (1708-1775)
• CAMPBELL, JOHN CAMPBELL, BARON (1779-1861)
• CAMPBELL, JOHN FRANCIS
• CAMPBELL, LEWIS (1830-1908)
• CAMPBELL, REGINALD JOHN (1867— )
• CAMPBELL, THOMAS (1777—1844)

Campbell, Lives of the Chief Justices of England (3 vols., London, 1849–1857); See also:

• EDWARD

Edward See also:

• FOSS, EDWARD (1787-1870)

Foss, The Judges of England (9 vols., London, 1848–1864) ; Sir J . F . See also:

• STEPHEN
• STEPHEN (1097?-1154)
• STEPHEN (ISTVAN) BATHORY (1533-1586)
• STEPHEN, SIR JAMES (1789-1859)
• STEPHEN, SIR JAMES FITZJAMES, BART
• STEPHEN, SIR LESLIE (1832-1904)

Stephen, See also:

• HISTORY

History of the Criminal See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

Law of England (3 vols., London, 1883); See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry B . See also:

• IRVING, EDWARD (1792-1834)
• IRVING, SIR HENRY (1838-1905)
• IRVING, WASHINGTON (1783-18J9)

Irving, Life of Judge Jeffreys (London, 1898) . (R . J .