SEALING See also:

• WAX

WAX  . In See also:

• MEDIEVAL

medieval times, when the See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal use of sealing See also:

• WAX

wax was for attaching the impression of See also:

• SEALS

seals to See also:

• OFFICIAL (Late Lat. QJicialis, for class. Lat. apparitor, from officium, office, duty)

official documents, the See also:

• COMPOSITION
• COMPOSITION (Lat. compositio, from componere, to put together)

composition used consisted of a mixture of See also:

• VENICE
• VENICE (continued)
• VENICE (Venezia)

Venice See also:

• TURPENTINE (in M. Eng. turbentine, adapted through the O. Fr. turbentine or terebentine from Lat. terebinthina, sc. resina, resin of the terebinth, Gr. eepiOtvOos or eippavOos)

turpentine, beeswax and colouring See also:

• MATTER

matter, usually See also:

• VERMILION

vermilion . The preparation now employed contains no wax . See also:

• FINE

Fine red See also:

• STATIONERY

stationery sealing wax is composed of about seven parts by See also:

• WEIGHT

weight of shellac, four of Venice turpentine, and three to four of vermilion . The resins are melted together in an earthenware pot over a moderate See also:

• FIRE (in O. Eng. f j'r; the word is common to West German languages, cf. Dutch vuur, Ger. Feuer; the pre-Teutonic form is seen in Sanskrit pu, pavaka, and Gr. irup; the ultimate origin is usually taken to be a root meaning to purify, cf. Lat. purus)

fire, and the colouring matter is added slowly with careful stirring . The See also:

• MASS (O.E. maesse; Fr. messe; Ger. Messe; Ital. messa; from eccl. Lat. missa)
• MASS, IN

mass when taken from the fire is poured into oiled See also:

• TIN (Lat.- stannum, whence the chemical symbol " Sn "; atomic weight =117.6, 0=16)

tin moulds the See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form of the sticks required, and when hard the sticks are polished by passing them rapidly over a See also:

• CHARCOAL

charcoal fire, or through a spirit See also:

• FLAME (Lat. flamma; the root flag- appears in flagrare, to burn, blaze, and Gr. d, XEryew)

flame, which melts the superficial film . For the brightest qualities of sealing wax bleached See also:

• LAC

lac is employed, and a proportion of perfuming matter—storax or See also:

• BALSAM (from Gr. f &X raµov, through Lat. balsamum, contracted by popular use to O. Fr. basme, mod. Fr. bdme; Eng. balm)

balsam of See also:

• PERU
• PERU (apparently from Biru, a small river on the west coast of Colombia, where Pizarro landed)

Peru—is added . In the commoner qualities considerable admixtures of See also:

• CHALK

chalk, carbonate of See also:

• MAGNESIA

magnesia, baryta See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white or other earthy matters are employed, and for the various See also:

• COLOURS, MILITARY

colours appropriate See also:

• MINERAL

mineral See also:

• PIGMENTS (Lat. pigmentum, from pingere, to paint)

pigments . In inferior waxes See also:

• ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary See also:

• RESIN (through O.Fr. resine, modern reline, from Lat. resina, prcbably Latinized from Greek Pirivrt, resin)

resin takes the See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place of lac, and the See also:

• DRAGON (Fr. dragon, through Lat. draco, from the Greek; connected with SEpeoµay " see," and interpreted as " sharp-sighted "; O.H. Ger. tracho, dracho, M.H.G. trache, Mod. Ger. Drachen; A.S. draca, hence the equivalent English form " drake," " fire-drake,

dragon See also:

• GUM (Fr. gomme, Lat. gommi, Gr. Kµµ1, possibly a Coptic word; distinguish " gum," the fleshy covering of the base of a tooth, in O. Eng. gbma, palate, cf. Ger. Gaumen, roof of the mouth; the ultimate origin is probably the root gha, to open wide, seen in

gum of See also:

• AUSTRALIA

Australia (from Xanthorrhoea hastilis) and other resins are similarly substituted . Such waxes, used for bottling, parcelling and other coarser applications, run thin when heated, and are comparatively brittle, whereas fine wax should soften slowly and is tenacious and adhesive .