See also:

• ROBERT
• ROBERT (1275—1343)
• ROBERT, HUBERT (1753-1808)
• ROBERT, LOUIS LEOPOLD (1794-1835)

ROBERT [the See also:

• ELDER (0. Eng. ellarn; Ger. Holunder; Fr. sureau)
• ELDER (Gr. 1rpev(3iTepos)

elder] See also:

• SEMPILL
• SEMPILL (OR SEMPLE), SIR JAMES, ROBERT AND FRANCIS
• ROBERT [the elder] SEMPILL (c. 1530-1595)

SEMPILL (c. 1530-1595)  , Scottish ballad-writer, was in all See also:

• PROBABILITY (Lat. probabilis, probable or credible)

probability a See also:

• CADET (through the Fr. from the Late Lat. capitettum, a diminutive of caput, head, through the Provencal form capdet)

cadet of illegitimate See also:

• BIRTH (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages from the root of the verb " to bear ")

birth of the See also:

• NOBLE, SIR ANDREW (1832- )

noble See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house of See also:

• SEMPILL
• SEMPILL (OR SEMPLE), SIR JAMES, ROBERT AND FRANCIS
• SEMPILL, ROBERT [the elder] (c. 1530-1595)

Sempill or Semple . Very little is known of his See also:

• LIFE

life . He appears to have spent some See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time in See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris . He was probably a soldier, and must have held some See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office at the Scottish See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court, as his name appears in the See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

lord treasurer's books in See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 1567—1568, and his writings show him to have had an intimate knowledge of court affairs . He was a See also:

• BITTER, KARL THEODORE FRANCIS (1867– )

bitter opponent of See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

Queen See also:

• MARY
• MARY (1457-1482)
• MARY (1496-1533)
• MARY, QUEEN OF SCOTS

Mary and of the See also:

• CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

Church . Sempill was See also:

• PRESENT

present at the See also:

• SIEGE (0. Fr. sege, siege, mod. siege, seat, ultimately from sedere, to sit, cf. Class. Lat. obsidium, a siege)

siege of See also:

• LEITH

Leith (1559—1560), was in Paris in 1572, but was driven away by the See also:

• MASSACRE

massacre of St See also:

• BARTHOLOMEW, JOHN (1831-1893)
• BARTHOLOMEW, SAINT

Bartholomew . He was probably present at the siege of See also:

• EDINBURGH

Edinburgh See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

Castle (1573), serving with the See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army of See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James See also:

• DOUGLAS
• DOUGLAS, GAVIN (1474?-1522)
• DOUGLAS, JOHN (1721—1807.)
• DOUGLAS, SIR CHARLES
• DOUGLAS, SIR HOWARD
• DOUGLAS, STEPHEN ARNOLD (18,3–1861)

Douglas, See also:

• EARL

earl of See also:

• MORTON, JAMES DOUGLAS, 4TH EARL OF (c. 1525-1581)
• MORTON, JOHN (c. 1420-1500)
• MORTON, JOHN MADDISON (1811-1891)
• MORTON, LEVI PARSONS (1824- )
• MORTON, OLIVER PERRY (1823-1877)
• MORTON, THOMAS (1564-1659)
• MORTON, THOMAS (c. 1590-1646)

Morton . He died in 1595 . His See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief See also:

• WORKS

works are: " The Ballat maid vpoun Margret See also:

• FLEMING, PAUL (1609-1640)
• FLEMING, RICHARD (d. 1431)
• FLEMING, SIR SANDFORD (1827- )
• FLEMING, SIR THOMAS (1S44-1613)

Fleming callit the Flemyng bark "; " The See also:

• DEFENCE
• DEFENCE (Lat. defendere, to defend)

defence of Crissell Sandelandis "; " The Claith See also:

• MERCHANT (O. Fr. marcheant, modern marchand; from Lat. mercari, to trade, merx, goods, merchandise)

Merchant or Ballat of Jonet See also:

• REID, ROBERT (1862– )
• REID, SIR GEORGE (1841- )
• REID, SIR ROBERT GILLESPIE (184o-19o8)
• REID, SIR WILLIAM (1791-1858)
• REID, THOMAS (1710-1796)
• REID, THOMAS MAYNE (1818-1883)
• REID, WHITELAW (1837- )

Reid, ane See also:

• VIOLET

Violet and Ane Quhyt," all three in the See also:

• BANNATYNE, GEORGE (1545—? 1608)

Bannatyne MS . They are characterized by extreme coarseness, and are probably among his earlier works . His chief See also:

• POLITICAL

political poems are " The Regentis Tragedie," a See also:

• BROADSIDE

broadside of 1570; " The Sege of the See also:

• CASTEL, LOUIS BERTRAND (1688-1757)

Castel of Edinburgh " (1573), interesting from an See also:

• HISTORICAL

historical point of view; " Ane Complaint vpon fortoun ... " (1581), and "The See also:

• LEGEND (through the French from the med. Lat. legenda, things to be read, from legere, to read)

Legend of the Bischop of St Androis Lyfe callit Mr Patrik Adamsone " (1583) .

See See also:

• CHRONICLE (from Gr. Xpovos, time)

Chronicle of Scottish See also:

• POETRY

Poetry (ed . James See also:

• SIBBALD, SIR ROBERT (1641-1722)

Sibbald, Edinburgh, 1802) ; and"Essays on the Poets of See also:

• RENFREWSHIRE

Renfrewshire," by See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William See also:

• MOTHER

Mother..well, in The See also:

• HARP (Fr. harpe; Ger. Harfe; Ital. arpa)

Harp of Renfrewshire (See also:

• PAISLEY
• PAISLEY, CLAUD HAMILTON, LORD (c. 1543-1622)

Paisley, 1819; reprinted 1872) . See also:

• MODERN

Modern See also:

• EDITIONS

editions of Sempill are: " Sege of the Castel of Edinburgh," a facsimile reprint with introduction by See also:

• DAVID
• DAVID (a Hebrew name meaning probably beloved 1)
• DAVID, FELICIEN (1810—1876)
• DAVID, GERARD [GHEERAERT DAVIT], (?=1523)
• DAVID, PIERRE JEAN (1789–1856)
• DAVID, ST (Dewi, Sant)

David See also:

• CONSTABLE (0. Fr. connestable, Fr. connetable, Med. Lat. comestabilis, conestabilis, constabularius, from the Lat. comes stabuli, count of the stable)
• CONSTABLE, ARCHIBALD (1774-1827)
• CONSTABLE, HENRY (1562-1613)
• CONSTABLE, JOHN (1776-1837)
• CONSTABLE, SIR MARMADUKE (c. 1455-1518)

Constable (1813); The Sempill Ballates (T . G . See also:

• STEVENSON, ADLA1 EWING (1835- )
• STEVENSON, ROBERT (1772-1850)
• STEVENSON, ROBERT LEWIS BALFOUR (1850-1894)

Stevenson, Edinburgh, 1872) containing all the poems; Satirical poems of the See also:

• REFORMATION
• REFORMATION, THE

Reformation (ed . James Cranstoun, Scottish See also:

• TEXT (Lat. textum, woven fabric, from texere, to weave)

Text See also:

• SOC

Soc., 2 vols., 1889-1893), with a memoir of Sempill and a bibliography of his poems . SEMUR-EN-AUXOIS, a See also:

• TOWN

town of eastern See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France, See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital of an See also:

• ARRONDISSEMENT (from arrondir, to make round)

arrondissement in the See also:

• DEPARTMENT (Fr. departement, from departir, to separate into parts)

department of Cote-d'Or, 45 M . W.N.W. of See also:

• DIJON

Dijon on the Paris-See also:

• LYON, MARY MASON (1797-1849)
• LYON, NATHANIEL (1818-1861)

Lyon railway . Pop . (1906) 3278 . Semur occupies one of the finest sites in France, on the extremity of a See also:

• PLATEAU (a French term, older platel, for a flat piece of wood, metal, &c., from plat, flat)
• PLATEAU, JOSEPH ANTOINE FERDINAND (1801-1883)

plateau dominating the See also:

• RIVER

river Armancon, which surrounds the town on three sides . The river forms this extremity into a See also:

• PENINSULA
• PENINSULA (Lat. paeninsula, from paene, almost, and insula, an island)

peninsula which is occupied by the old town, once surrounded by ramparts, the remains of which are still to be seen .

An See also:

• ISTHMUS (Gr.io0pbs, neck)

isthmus, on which stands the castle, unites the older to the newer See also:

• QUARTER (through Fr. from Lat. quartarius, fourth part)

quarter, in which are situated an old gateway of the 15th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century and the church of Notre-See also:

• DAME
• DAME (through the Fr. from Lat. domina, mistress, lady, the feminine of dominus, master, lord)

Dame . This See also:

• BUILDING

building, which belongs mainly to the 13th century, is one of the purest examples of See also:

• GOTHIC

Gothic See also:

• ARCHITECTURE (Lat. architectura, from the Gr. ap)(LTEKrwv, a master-builder)

architecture in See also:

• BURGUNDY

Burgundy, though the narrowness of the See also:

• NAVE

nave, to some degree, spoils its proportions . The portal with its three arched openings projects from the See also:

• FACADE

facade, which is flanked by two square towers surmounted by balustrades . Of the See also:

• ARTISTIC

artistic features of the interior one of the most noteworthy is the sculptured See also:

• KEYSTONE

keystone of the vaulting of the See also:

• APSE
• APSE (Gr. alkir, a fastening, especially the felloe of a wheel; Lat. absis)

apse, representing the crowning of the Virgin . The castle (13th and 14th centuries) consists of a rectangular keep flanked by four towers . Portions of it are still in use . Among the numerous old houses in the town is one belonging to the time of See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis XIV. of which the last proprietor was Florent See also:

• CLAUDE, JEAN (1619-1687)

Claude du See also:

• CHATELET (from Med. Lat. castella)

Chatelet, See also:

• HUSBAND

husband of the friend of See also:

• VOLTAIRE, FRANCOIS MARIE AROUET DE (1694–1778)

Voltaire . It is now used as a See also:

• HOSPITAL (Lat. haspitalis, the adjective of hospes, host or guest)

hospital . Semur possesses a sub-prefecture, a tribunal of first instance and a communal See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

college . It is an important See also:

• MARKET (Lat. mercatus, trade or place of trade)

market centre for the Auxois and See also:

• MORVAN

Morvan, and has See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade in horses, See also:

• GRAIN (derived through the French from Lat. granum, seed, from an Aryan root meaning " to wear down," which also appears in the common Teutonic word " corn ")

grain, See also:

• SHEEP
• SHEEP (from the Anglo-Saxon sceap, a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages; e.g. the German Schaf)

sheep, See also:

• FRUIT (through the French from the Lat. fructus; frui, to enjoy)

fruit and vegetables . See also:

• CEMENT (from Lat. caementum, rough pieces of stone, a shortened form of caedimentum, from caedere, to cut)

Cement, See also:

• LEATHER (a word which appears in all Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Leder, Dutch leer or leder, Swed. leder, and in such Celtic forms as Welsh llader)
• LEATHER, ARTIFICIAL

leather, oil, and chemical See also:

• MANURES

manures are among its See also:

• INDUSTRIAL

industrial products . Semur (Sinemurum) was a Gallic fortress in the dark ages and in feudal times a castle of the See also:

• DUKES
• DUKES, LEOPOLD (1810-1891)

dukes of Burgundy .

In the Kith century it became capital of Auxois . Its communal See also:

• CHARTER (Lat. charta, carta, from Gr. Xap-rns, originally for papyrus, material for writing, thence transferred to paper and from this material to the document, in O. Eng. boc, book)

charter See also:

• DATES

dates from 1276 . The See also:

• INCORPORATION (from Lat. incorporare, to form into a body)

incorporation of Burgundy with France was resisted by the town, which was taken and pillaged by the royal troops in 1478 . During the See also:

• WARS

wars of See also:

• RELIGION
• RELIGION, FOLKLORE, CUSTOM

religion in the 16th century it served as See also:

• REFUGE

refuge for the Leaguers, and though it submitted to See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry IV. at his See also:

• ACCESSION (from Lat. accedere, to go to, to approach)

accession its fortifications were destroyed in 1602 . S$NAC DE MEILHAN, See also:

• GABRIEL (Heb. SKns, man of God)

GABRIEL (1736—1803), See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French writer, son of See also:

• JEAN

Jean Senac, physician to Louis XV., was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born in Paris in 1736 . He entered the See also:

• CIVIL

civil service in 1762; two years later he bought the office of See also:

• MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master of See also:

• REQUESTS, COURT OF

requests, and in 1766 further advanced his position by a See also:

• RICH, BARNABE (c. 1540-1617)
• RICH, CLAUDIUS JAMES (1787-1821)
• RICH, JOHN (1692-1761)
• RICH, PENELOPE, LADY (c. 1562–1607)
• RICH, RICHARD, 1ST BARON RICH (1490?-1567)

rich See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage . He was successively See also:

• INTENDANT (from Lat. intendens, pres. part. of intendere, to apply the mind to, to watch over; cf. " superintendent ")

intendant of La Rochelle, of See also:

• AIX

Aix and of See also:

• VALENCIENNES

Valenciennes . In 1776 he became intendant-See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general for See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war, but was soon compelled to resign . He had hoped to be made See also:

• MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister of See also:

• FINANCE

finance, and was disappointed by the nomination of See also:

• NECKER, JACQUES (1732—1804)

Necker, of whom he became a bitter opponent . He was intimate with the comtesse de Tesse, See also:

• SISTER

sister of the duc de See also:

• CHOISEUL, CESAR
• CHOISEUL, ETIENNE FRANCOIS

Choiseul, and in 1781 met Madame de See also:

• CREQUY
• CREQUY, RENEE CAROLINE DE FROULLAY, MARQUISE DE (1714-1803)

Crequy, then sixty-seven years of See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age, and began a See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long friend-See also:

• SHIP

ship with her . His first See also:

• BOOK

book was the fictitious Memoires d' See also:

• ANNE (1665-1714)
• ANNE (1693-1740)

Anne de Gonzague, princesse See also:

• PALATINE (from Lat. palatium, a palace,)

palatine (1786), thought by many.See also:

• PEOPLE

people at the time to be genuine . In the next See also:

• YEAR

year followed the Considerations sur See also:

• LES

les richesses et le luxe, combating the opinions of Necker; and in 1788 the more valuable Considerations sur l'esprit et les mceurs, a book which abounds in sententious, but often excessively See also:

• FRANK, JAKOB (1726-1791)

frank, sayings .

Senac witnessed the beginnings of the Revolution in Paris, but emigrated in 1790, making his way first to See also:

• LONDON

London, and then, in 1791, to Aix-la-Chapelle, where he met See also:

• PIERRE

Pierre See also:

• ALEXANDRE, NOEL (NATALIS ALEXANDER) (1639-1724)

Alexandre de See also:

• TILLY, JOHANN TZERCLAES, COUNT OF (1559-1632)

Tilly, who asserts in his See also:

• MEMOIRS

Memoirs that Senac attributed the misfortunes of Louis XVI. to the refusal of his own services . In 1793, while his recollections of the Revolution were still fresh, he wrote a novel, L'Emigre (See also:

• HAM

Ham-See also:

• BURG

burg, 4 vols., 1797), which shows perspicacity and See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good See also:

• JUDGMENT

judgment in its treatment of events . It was reprinted in 1904 in an abridged See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form by Casimir Stryienski and Frantz Funck-See also:

• BRENTANO, KLEMENS (1778-1842)
• BRENTANO, LUDWIG JOSEPH [called Lujo]

Brentano . At the invitation of See also:

• CATHERINE
• CATHERINE, SAINT

Catherine II . Senac went in 1792 to See also:

• RUSSIA
• RUSSIA (Rossiya)

Russia; where he hoped to become imperial historiographer, but his See also:

• MANNERS, CHARLES (1857– )

manners displeased Catherine, who contented herself with dismissing him with a See also:

• PENSION (Lat. pensio, a payment, from pendere, to weigh, to pay)

pension . From Russia he went to See also:

• HAMBURG

Hamburg . and thence to See also:

• VIENNA (Ger. Wien; Lat. Vindobona)
• VIENNA, CONGRESS OF (1814-1815)

Vienna, where he found a friend in the See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

prince de Ligne . He died on the 16th of See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1803 . Senac also wrote a moderate exposition of the causes that led to the revolution, entitled Du gouvernement, See also:

• DES

des m curs et des conditions en France avant la Revolution, avec les caracteres des principaux personnages du regne de Louis X VI; the last See also:

• PART

part was reprinted (1813) by the duc de See also:

• LEVIS (formerly Pointe Levi)

Levis with a See also:

• NOTICE

notice of the author as Portraits et caracteres . Senac collected his own G uvres philosophiques et lilteraires (2 vols.) at Hamburg in 1795 . See his Euvres choisies, edited by M. de See also:

• LESCURE, LOUIS MARIE JOSEPH, MARQUIS DE (1766—1793)

Lescure in 1862; Lettres inedites de Madame de Crequi a Senac de Meilhan (1856), edited by Edouard See also:

• FOURNIER
• FOURNIER, PIERRE SIMON (1712-1768)

Fournier; Louis Legrand, Senac de Meilhan et l'intendance du See also:

• HAINAUT (Flem. Henegouwen, Ger. Hennegau)

Hainaut et du Cambresis (1868); and the notice by Fernand Caussy prefixed to his edition (1905) of the Considerations sur l'espril et les mceurs .