ALOIS See also:

• ALOIS SENEFELDER (1771-1834)

SENEFELDER (1771-1834)  , See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German inventor of See also:

• LITHOGRAPHY (Gr. MOOS, a stone, and ypakecv, to write)

lithography, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• MUNICH (Ger. Munchen)

Munich on the 6th of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1771, his See also:

• FATHER

father See also:

• PETER
• PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
• PETER (PEDRO)
• PETER, EPISTLES OF
• PETER, ST

Peter being an actor at the See also:

• THEATRE (BEarpov, " a place for seeing," from OeacOae)

Theatre Royal . Owing to the See also:

• DEATH

death of his father he was unable to continue his legal studies at the university of See also:

• INGOLSTADT

Ingolstadt, and tried to support himself as a performer and author, but without success . In See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order to accelerate the publication of one of his See also:

• WORKS

works, he frequently spent whole days in the See also:

• PRINTING (from Lat. imprimere, O. Fr. empreindre)

printing See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office, and found the See also:

• PROCESS

process of printing so See also:

• SIMPLE

simple that he conceived the See also:

• IDEA (Gr. Ibia, connected with i&eiv, to see; cf. Lat. species from specere, to look at)

idea of purchasing a small printing See also:

• PRESS (through Fr. presse from Lat. pressare, frequentative of premere, to crush, squeeze, press)

press, thus enabling himself to See also:

• PRINT

print and publish his own compositions . Unable to pay for the See also:

• ENGRAVING

engraving of his compositions, he attempted to engrave them himself . He made numerous experiments with little success; tools and skill were alike wanting . See also:

• COPPER (symbol Cu, atomic weight 63.1, H=1, or 63.6, O = 16)

Copper-plates were expensive, and the want of a sufficient number entailed the tedious process of grinding and polishing afresh those he had used . About this See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period his See also:

• ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention was accidentally directed to a See also:

• FINE

fine piece of Kellheim See also:

• STONE
• STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
• STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
• STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
• STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
• STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
• STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
• STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
• STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)

stone which he had See also:

• PURCHASED

purchased for the purpose of grinding his See also:

• INK (from Late Lat. encaustum, Gr. gysavorov, the purple ink used by Greek and Roman emperors, from iyKaiew, to burn in)

ink . His first idea was to use it merely for practice in his exercises in See also:

• WRITING
• WRITING (the verbal noun of " to write," O. Eng. writan, to inscribe)

writing backwards, the ease with which the stone could be ground and polished afresh being the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief inducement . While he was engaged one See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day in polishing a stone slab on which to continue his exercises, his See also:

• MOTHER

mother entered the See also:

• ROOM

room and desired him to write 1 The. See also:

• CONVENTION (Lat. conventio, an assembly or agreement, from convenire, to come together)
• CONVENTION, THE NATIONAL

convention, under the leadership of See also:

• LUCRETIA

Lucretia See also:

• MOTT, LUCRETIA [COFFIN] (1793–188o)
• MOTT, VALENTINE (1785–1865)

Mott and See also:

• ELIZABETH
• ELIZABETH (1533-1603)
• ELIZABETH (1596-1662)
• ELIZABETH (1635–1650)
• ELIZABETH [ AMELIE EUGENIE ] (1837—1898)
• ELIZABETH [1lisabeth Philippine Marie Helene of France] (1764—1794)
• ELIZABETH [PAULINE ELIZABETH OTTILIE LOUISE] (1843– )
• ELIZABETH [PETROVNA] (1709-1762), EMPRESS
• ELIZABETH, SAINT (1207-1231)

Elizabeth Cady See also:

• STANTON, EDWIN
• STANTON, ELIZABETH CADY (1815-1902)

Stanton, adopted a " See also:

• DECLARATION (from Lat. declarare, to make fully clear, clams)

Declaration of Sentiments " modelled after the See also:

• AMERICAN

American Declaration of See also:

• INDEPENDENCE
• INDEPENDENCE, DECLARATION OF
• INDEPENDENCE, WAR OF

Independence, and resolved " that it is the See also:

• DUTY (from " due," that which is owing, O. Fr. deu, dil, past participle of devoir; Lat. debere, debitum; cf. " debt ")

duty of the See also:

• WOMEN

women of this See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country to secure to themselves their sacred right to the elective See also:

• FRANCHISE (from 0. Fr. franchise, freedom, franc, free)

franchise," and " that the same amount of virtue, delicacy and refinement of behaviour that is required of woman in the social See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state should also be required of See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man, and the same transgressions should be visited with equal severity on both man and woman." her a See also:

• BILL

bill for the washer-woman, who was waiting for the See also:

• LINEN

linen . Neither See also:

• PAPER
• PAPER (Fr. papier, from Lat. papyrus)

paper nor ink being at See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand, the bill was written on the stone he had just polished . The ink used was composed of See also:

• WAX

wax, See also:

• SOAP

soap and See also:

• LAMP (from Gr. Xag ras, a torch, Xaµaav, to shine)

lamp-See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

black . Some See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time afterwards, when about to wipe the writing from the stone, the idea all at once struck him to try the effect of biting the stone with aqua fortis .

Surrounding the stone with a border of wax, he covered its See also:

• SURFACE

surface with a mixture of one See also:

• PART

part of aqua fortis and ten parts of See also:

• WATER

water . The result of the experiment was that at the end of five minutes he found the writing elevated about the tenth part of a See also:

• LINE

line (T v in.) . He then proceeded to apply the printing ink to the stone, using at first a See also:

• COMMON

common printer's See also:

• BALL (in Mid. Eng. bal; the word is probably cognate with " bale," Teutonic in origin, cf. also Lat. falls, and Gr. 7raXXa)
• BALL, JOHN (1585-1640)
• BALL, JOHN (1818-1889)
• BALL, JOHN (d. 1381)
• BALL, SIR ALEXANDER JOHN, BART
• BALL, THOMAS (1819- )

ball, but soon found that a thin piece of See also:

• BOARD (O. Eng. bord)

board covered with fine See also:

• CLOTH

cloth answered better, communicating the ink more equally . He was able to take satisfactory impressions, and, the method of printing being new, he hoped to obtain a patent for it, or even some assistance from the See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government . For years See also:

• SENEFELDER, ALOIS (1771-1834)

Senefelder continued his experiments, until the See also:

• ART

art not only became simplified, but reached a high degree of excellence in his hands . In later years the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king of See also:

• BAVARIA (Ger. Bayern)

Bavaria settled a handsome See also:

• PENSION (Lat. pensio, a payment, from pendere, to weigh, to pay)

pension on Senefelder . He died at Munich in 1834, having lived to see his invention brought to See also:

• COMPARATIVE

comparative perfection .